1、Health and SafetyEducation and TrainingArticle 87 of Regulations on Factory Health and Safety: Factories shall educate their workers in the correct use of protection articles. Workers performing dangerous work (e.g. electrical and gas workers) should be taught first aid methods.Article 55 of the Lab
2、or Law of the Peoples Republic of China: Laborers performing special operations shall receive special training and obtain the competency for special operations.Point 5 of Paragraph 2 of Chapter 2 of Practical Affairs of Laws on Labor Safety and Health: “Special operations” mentioned in Article 55 of
3、 the Labor to those operations that pose a major danger to the operators themselves, other persons and the surrounding environment, such as: (1) Electrical work; (2) Boiler work; (3) Operation of pressurized containers; (4) Weight-lifting operation; (5) Explosive operation; (6) Metal welding and gas
4、 cutting; (7) Underpit gas inspection in coal mines; (8) Driving of motor vehicles; (9) Driving of motor vessels and turbine operation; (10) Elevated erection work on buildings.Point 3 of Article 14 of the Fire Control Law of the Peoples Republic of China: Governmental departments, social organizati
5、ons, enterprises, institutions, towns and villages shall carry out fire prevention awareness education among their staff members in view of their own features.Article 30 of the Fire Control Law of the Peoples Republic of China: On the basis of actual needs, governmental departments, social organizat
6、ions, enterprises, institutions, towns and villages may set up voluntary fire brigades made up of staff members or villagers. Exits of Factory BuildingArticle 3.5.1 of Fire Prevention Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): The number of fire exits of a factory building shall not b
7、e less than 2. But, if the following requirements are met, there may be only 1: For a factory building of Category C (see of remarks), the area of each floor is not more than 250m2 and the number of workers working at the same time is not more than 20; for factory buildings of Category D and C (see
8、of remarks), the area of each floor is not more than 400m2 and the number of workers working at the same time is not more than 30;Evacuation Passages, Signs and Emergency LightsArticle 14.6 of the Fire Control Law of the Peoples Republic of China: Governmental departments, social organizations, ente
9、rprises and institutions shall make sure that the evacuation passages and fire exits remain unblocked and set up fire evacuation signs that meet state regulations.Article 3.5.4 of the Fire Prevention Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): The width of the evacuation staircase, pas
10、sage and doors of each floor of a factory building shall be calculated in the following way: no less than 0.6m/100 persons for the 1st and 2nd floors; no less than 0.8m/100 persons for 3rd floor; no less than 1.0m/100 persons for 4th (and above) floor. When the number of workers on different floors
11、are different, the total width of the staircase shall be calculated on a floor basis and the total width of the staircases of lower floors shall be calculated on the basis of the above floor with the largest number of workers. However, the minimum width of staircase shall not be less than 1.1m. The
12、total width of the external gate of the ground floor shall be calculated on the basis of the largest number of people of the floor or the above floor. But the minimum width of the evacuation doors should preferably be above 0.9m and the evacuation passage above 1.4m.Article 7.4.1 of the Fire Prevent
13、ion Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): The evacuation stairwell and the front room shall not be used as water heating room, fuel storage room, non-closed lift well or for the accommodation of flammable gas pipelines.Article 7.4.2 of the Fire Prevention Standard for Building De
14、sign (new revision of GBJ 16-87): For buildings that should have smoke-prevention stairwells, their external stairwells may be used as auxiliary smoke-prevention staircase. But the net width should not be less than 90cm and the obliquity should not be more than 45o. The height of the guardrails shou
15、ld not be less than 1.1m. For the outdoor evacuation staircases of other buildings, the obliquity may be less than 60o and the net width may be more than 80cm. Both the outdoor evacuation staircases and the exit platforms on each floor should be made of flame retardant materials. The fire resistance
16、 limit of the platform should be at least 1h and that of the staircases at least 0.25h. Except the evacuation door, there should not be other openings on the wall within 2m around the staircase. The evacuation door should not directly face the staircase.Article 7.4.5 of the Fire Prevention Standard
17、for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): The net horizontal space between two sections of an evacuation staircase of a public building should preferably be at least 15cm.Article 7.4.7 of the Fire Prevention Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): The evacuation doors of civ
18、ilian and factory buildings should be open in the direction of evacuation. For a room accommodating no more than 60 people where the average number of people to be evacuated through each door does not exceed 30 (excluding production rooms of Category A and B), the opening direction of the doors is n
19、ot limited. Side-pulling doors (excluding warehouses) should not be used for evacuation purpose and the use of rotary door for evacuation purpose is strictly forbidden.Article 10.2.6 of the Fire Prevention Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): All units shall provide emergency li
20、ghts for evacuation passages, exist and stairwells.Article 10.2.9 of the Fire Prevention Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): Emergency evacuation signs shall be placed on the top of exit door, or at the turning of stairway with height of below 1 meter. The distance between sign
21、s and the exit shall not exceed 20 meters. Emergency light and emergency evacuation signs shall be in the form of protective box made of glass or other non-flammable materials.Article 11 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Hatchways and walking platforms should have guardrails of no less than 1m.Man
22、agement of Fire Control FacilitiesArticle 14.5 of Fire Prevention Law of the Peoples Republic of China: In accordance with relevant state regulations, governmental departments, social organizations, enterprises and institutions shall have fire control facilities and equipment, set up fire control an
23、d safety signs and organize regular inspections and repair to ensure that these facilities and equipment are kept in good and effective conditions.Article 21 of Fire Prevention Law of the Peoples Republic of China: No units or individuals may damage or divert to other purpose, dismantle or inactivat
24、e fire control facilities and equipment without authorization, or bury and occupy fire hydrants, take up fire prevention spaces and block fire control passages.Article 10 of Fire Prevention Law of the Peoples Republic of China: Upon the completion of a construction project containing a fire control
25、design conducted in accordance with requirements of the State Technical Standards on Fire Control for Engineering Construction, the project must go through acceptance check on fire control by relevant public security fire control institutions; project without going through the acceptance check or co
26、nsidered unqualified after the acceptance check shall not be put into use. Selection, Quantity and Allocation of Fire Control EquipmentInstallation of Fire ExtinguishersArticle 2.4.3.16 of Manual of Basic Data for Industrial Safety and Health: For production warehouses (see of Remarks) of Category C
27、 fire hazard, the number of fire extinguishers is: 1 for every 80m2 of factory building and 1 for every 100m2 of warehouse. Article 4.0.4 of the Design Standard for Emplacement of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings (GBJ4090 Document): The number of fire extinguishers provided for underground structures
28、 shall be more than that for the related ground structures by 30%. Article 4.0.5 of the Design Standard for Emplacement of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings (GBJ4090 Document): For places equipped with fire hydrants and fire control systems, the number of fire extinguishers may be cut in the following
29、 way: (1) By 30% for places equipped with fire hydrants; (2) by 50% for places equipped with fire control systems; (3) by 70% for places equipped with both fire hydrants and fire control systems.Article 4.06 of the Design Standard for Emplacement of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings (GBJ4090 Document)
30、: For places where inflammable materials are stockpiled in open air, liquid of Categories A, B and C is stored and tanks of inflammable gas are kept, the number of fire extinguishers may be cut by 70%.Article 4.07 of the Design Standard for Emplacement of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings (GBJ4090 Doc
31、ument): The number of fire extinguishers for one place should not be less than 2 and should not exceed 5 for each emplacement point.Article 5.1.3 of the Design Standard for Emplacement of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings (GBJ4090 Document): It is advisable to put portable fire extinguishers on hooks,
32、 brackets or cases with the top not more than 1.5m and the bottom not less than 0.15m above the ground. Article 3.0.2 of the Fire Prevention Standard for Building Design (new revision of GBJ 16-87): The type of fire extinguishers selected shall meet the following stipulations (see of Remarks for fir
33、es of A, B, C and D types): (1) To put out fires of type A, water, foam, phosphoric acid ammonium salt powder and alkyl halide fire extinguishers should be selected; (2) To put out fires of type B, powder, foam, alkyl halide and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be selected. Chemical foam fir
34、e extinguishers shall not be used to put out polar solvent fires of type B; (3)To put out fires of type C, powder, alkyl halide and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be selected; (4) To put out charged fires, alkyl halide, carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers should be selected; (5) T
35、o put out fires of types A, B and C and charged fires, phosphoric acid ammonium salt powder and alkyl halide fire extinguishers should be selected; (6) To put out fires of type D, the fire-extinguishing equipment should be solved by the design unit and local fire control supervision authorities thro
36、ugh consultations. Electrical EquipmentArticle 45 of Fire Prevention Law of the Peoples Republic of China: For any deviation from the technical regulations for fire control safety in the installation of electric products and gas burners in factory buildings and dormitories as well as the laying of w
37、ires and pipelines, correction shall be made within the prescribed time limit. If no correction is made after the time limit, the use of the products shall be discontinued as ordered.Article 41 of the Factory Safety and Health Rules: The insulation of electrical equipment and wires must be intact. B
38、are live conductors should be installed out of reach. Otherwise, safety blocks and obvious warnings shall be set up.Article 42 of the Factory Safety and Health Rules: Electrical equipment must have fusible protectors or automatic switches.Article 46 of the Factory Safety and Health Rules: Enclosed e
39、lectrical equipment shall be used in working places that generate large amount of steam, gas and dust. Anti-explosive electrical equipment shall be used in working places having explosive gas or dust.Machinery Equipment and Safety DevicesArticle 32 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Protection devi
40、ces shall be mounted on dangerous parts, e.g. driving belt, open gear, grinding wheel, electric saw, axial ring that is close to the ground, rotary axle, belt pulley and flywheels.Article 33 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Safety devices shall be mounted on the pressing parts of pressure machine
41、s, e.g. flattener, punch, rolling press and imprinter.Article 76 of Safety and Technical Rules for Building Installation Projects: Welding places shall be well ventilated. Before electric welding, electric cutting, gas welding and gas cutting, inflammable object shall be cleared away from the workin
42、g pieces and welding place, or precautionary measures shall be taken at the place of welding.Health and Protection ArticlesArticle 29 of Health Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises (TJ36-79): Workshops that give rise to considerable amount of dust, toxic substances or highly-corrosive agent
43、s, e.g. acid and alkali, should have the facilities for washing ground and walls. The ground in the workshop shall be flat, skid proof and easy to clean. The ground that is often exposed to liquid should be watertight and has slope drainage system.Article 28 of Factory Safety and Health Rule: It is
44、forbidden to take meals and drink water in working places that contain dust or toxic gas.Article 31 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: First aid kits shall be available in working places.Article 68 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: A factory should have auxiliary facilities in view of its actual
45、needs, including bathrooms, lavatories, change-rooms, restrooms and women health rooms.Article 74 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: In any one of the following cases, a factory should provide its workers with working clothes or aprons and, according to needs, provide protection articles, including
46、 helmets, gauze masks, gloves, leg guards and shoe covers: (1) Operations that are easy to cause burn, scalding or mechanical trauma; (2) Operations under intense radiation heat or low temperature conditions. (3) Operations in environment with toxic, stimulating or infectious substances or large amo
47、unt of dusts. (4) Operations that often cause the clothes to be corrosive, wet or especially dirty.Article 75 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Factories should provide suitable gauze masks, protection glasses and respirators for workers working in places having gas, steam or dust hazardous to hea
48、lth. Article 76 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: If toxic dust and smoke are created during work, which may damage the oral cavity, nasal cavity, eyes and skin, factories should provide workers with washing liquid medicine or protection ointment.Article 77 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Fact
49、ories should provide earplugs, protection glasses, respirators and hard hats for workers working in places having noise, strong light, radiation heat and splashing sparkles, scraps and chips.Article 78 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Factories should provide waterproof boots or shoes for workers who often stand on ground covered with water or other liquid for operations.Article 80 of Factory Safety and Health Rules: Factories should provide insulation boots and gloves as the case may be for workers of electric operations.Article 85 Factory Safety and Health Rules:
