熔丝位(Fuse)快速入门.doc

1、熔丝位(Fuse)快速入门AVR Studio 中 STK500 处理熔丝位有巨大的优势：它是以功能组合让用户配置。这种方式与小马 (PnoyProg2000,SL-ISP)相比，具有以下的优势(优势是如此明显，可以用“巨大优势”来形容)：1. 有效避免因不熟悉熔丝位让芯片锁死 (这是初学者的恶梦)2. 不需要靠记忆与查文档，就能配置熔丝位(这也是初学者的恶梦)这是我们网站为何推荐使用 STK500 下载器的又一原因。 操作界面如下： (注意：下图中，打勾的表示选中，代表 0。没有打勾的表示 1)。上图的资料整理如下(该表下面有中文翻译与说明)：On-Chip Debug Enabled; O

2、CDEN=0JTAG Interface Enabled; JTAGEN=0Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; SPIEN=0Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle; EESAVE=0Boot Flash section size=128 words Boot start address=$1F80; BOOTSZ=11Boot Flash section size=256 words Boot start address=$1F00; BOOTSZ=10Boot Flash sec

3、tion size=512 words Boot start address=$1E00; BOOTSZ=01Boot Flash section size=1024 words Boot start address=$1C00; BOOTSZ=00 ; default valueBoot Reset vector Enabled (default address=$0000); BOOTRST=0CKOPT fuse (operation dependent of CKSEL fuses); CKOPT=0Brown-out detection level at VCC=4.0 V; BOD

4、LEVEL=0Brown-out detection level at VCC=2.7 V; BODLEVEL=1Brown-out detection enabled; BODEN=0Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0000 SUT=00Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0000 SUT=01Ext. Clock; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0000 SUT=10Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time:

5、6 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0001 SUT=00Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0001 SUT=01Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0001 SUT=10; default valueInt. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0010 SUT=00Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0010

6、SUT=01Int. RC Osc. 2 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0010 SUT=10Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0011 SUT=00Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0011 SUT=01Int. RC Osc. 4 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0011 SUT=10Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up tim

7、e: 6 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0100 SUT=00Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0100 SUT=01Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0100 SUT=10Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0101 SUT=00Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0101 SU

8、T=01Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0101 SUT=10Ext. RC Osc. - 0.9 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0101 SUT=11Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0110 SUT=00Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0110 SUT=01

9、Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0110 SUT=10Ext. RC Osc. 0.9 MHz - 3.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0110 SUT=11Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0111 SUT=00Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL

10、=0111 SUT=01Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0111 SUT=10Ext. RC Osc. 3.0 MHz - 8.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0111 SUT=11Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1000 SUT=00Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK

11、 + 4 ms; CKSEL=1000 SUT=01Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 18 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1000 SUT=10Ext. RC Osc. 8.0 MHz - 12.0 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1000 SUT=11Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1001 SUT=00Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 1K CK +

12、 64 ms; CKSEL=1001 SUT=01Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; Start-up time: 32K CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1001 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1010 SUT=00Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1010 SUT=01Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-

13、up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1010 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1010 SUT=11Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1011 SUT=00Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1011 SUT=01Ext. Crystal/Reson

14、ator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1011 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator Low Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1011 SUT=11Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1100 SUT=00Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; CKS

15、EL=1100 SUT=01Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1100 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1100 SUT=11Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1101 SUT=00Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.;

16、 Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1101 SUT=01Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1101 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1101 SUT=11Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1110 SUT=00E

17、xt. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1110 SUT=01Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1110 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1110 SUT=11Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 1K CK

18、+ 64 ms; CKSEL=1111 SUT=00Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=1111 SUT=01Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1111 SUT=10Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=1111 SUT=11上表的英文翻译说明如下：英文 中文On-Chip De

19、bug Enabled 片内 调试 使能 JTAG Interface Enabled JTAG 接口 使能 Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled串行编程下载(SPI) 使能 (ISP 下载时该位不能修改)Preserve EEPROM memory through the Chip Erase cycle; 芯片擦除时 EEPROM 的内容保留Boot Flash section size=xxxx words 引导(Boot)区大小为 xxx 个词Boot start address=$yyyy; 引导(Boot)区开始地址为 $yyyy Boo

20、t Reset vector Enabled 引导(Boot)、复位 向量 使能 Brown-out detection level at VCC=xxxx V; 掉电检测的电平为 VCC=xxxx 伏 Brown-out detection enabled; 掉电检测使能Start-up time: xxx CK + yy ms 启动时间 xxx 个时钟周期 + yy 毫秒Ext. Clock; 外部时钟Int. RC Osc. 内部 RC(阻容) 振荡器Ext. RC Osc. 外部 RC(阻容) 振荡器 Ext. Low-Freq. Crystal; 外部 低频 晶体Ext. Cryst

21、al/Resonator Low Freq 外部晶体/陶瓷振荡器 低频Ext. Crystal/Resonator Medium Freq 外部晶体/陶瓷振荡器 中频Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq 外部晶体/陶瓷振荡器 高频注：以上中文是对照 ATmega16 的中、英文版本数据手册而翻译。尽量按照了官方的中文术语。应用举例：比如我们想使用片内的 RC 振荡(即不需要接晶振)，可以选择选择下面三者之一：Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 0 ms; CKSEL=0100 SUT=00Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=0100 SUT=01Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz; Start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; CKSEL=0100 SUT=10比如我们想使用外部 7.3728M 晶振，可以选择选择下面三者之一：Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.; Start-up time: 258 CK + 4 ms; CKSEL=1110 SUT=00或后面与 Ext. Crystal/Resonator High Freq.;. 有关的选择。