1、1现在完成时一.现在完成时的构成:现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has 用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他各种人称 . 二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种 I.“已完成 ”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和 just，now，already，yet，notyet等不确定的时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚 把灯关上。 （说明现在灯关上了） Ive finished my homework now
2、. 现在我已经做完作业了。 （说明可以交作业或做别的了） 2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。 （说明她现在仍是老师） II.“未完成 ”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如 today，this week（ month） ，lately，recently ，these days，in the past few days，during th
3、e last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far ，up to now，till （until） now 等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。 （现在还住在这儿） Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。 （现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经
4、验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止 这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。2常与频度副词如 often,always,every week,twice 等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说.三.现在完成时的时间状语 I 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词 alr
5、eady 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b. 用 ever 和 never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“ 曾经”或“从未“ 等。 如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你 曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过
6、去时间状语，如 just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。 d. 用包括“现在” 在内 的时间状语，如 now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他
7、吗？我没有。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？II 短暂性动词 不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up 等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。3现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如： fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill) get to know know begin,
8、(start) be on open be open buy have get up be up die be dead go out be out come be in closebe closed arrivebe here joinbe in, be a +名词 finish( end )be over leave, move be away, borrow keep go to schoolbe a student catch(a cold) have(a cold) begin to studystudy come backbe back put onwear 或 be on 如：H
9、e has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分 钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 四.几点注意事项 I. have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了） ”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地
10、了（说话时某人不在当地） ”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once ,never,several times 等连用，后者则不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 II.不可延续 性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 4练习一.用 since 和 for 填空1._two years 2._two years ago3
11、._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _
12、about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二.单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D.
13、a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for t
14、wo years .A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . 5A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States .Rea
15、lly ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C.
16、 was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on
17、D. began15、It _ ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18.The students have clean
18、ed the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. h
19、as been away D. had been away621.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened22.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become23.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left24.The m
20、eeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over25.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught26.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became27. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. ret
21、urned三.用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”四.
22、用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you
23、thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read)
24、 this book since yesterday.7五、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book8二、用 since 或者 for 填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. s
25、ince 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since四、划线提问1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here3. When did , leave here 4. When did , buy五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where has Li Fei gone? B: He has gone to Hainan Island.A: How lo
26、ng has he been there?B: He has been there for three days.A: When will he come back, do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I have never been there.A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place?B: He has been there only once.六、用 h
27、ave / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1. has gone to 2. went to3. has been in 4. have , been in5. have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been7. have been in / at 8. has gone to9. did go ; went 10. go ; have been11. are , going ; am going 12. goes13. Did , go 14. Do , go七、综合练习:1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already八. 用适当的时态填空：91. lived / has been living 2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left5. has lost ; have , seen 6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned
