1、Unit 4. A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood一重点词汇及拓展 1.investigation n调查 2.sound vi.听起来3bother vt.打扰；麻烦 4.approach vt.接近5exchange vt.交换6afford vt.买得起，有能力支付7contact vt.联络；联系( 某人)8fortunate adj.幸运的；吉祥的unfortunate(反义词)adj.不幸的fortune n运气 9.starve vi.饿死starvation n饥饿10occupation n职业occupy v占据11fascinating adj
2、.迷人的；吸引人的fascinate v使着迷fascination n魅力12survive vi.幸存survival n幸存，侥幸活下来13attracting adj.有吸引力的attract v吸引attraction n吸引力 二重点短语 1. as a result 因此，结果2such as 诸如之类的3go up 上升；上涨4put up 建造；张贴5. get away from 摆脱6pay back 归还；报复7a_great_many 许多，大量8so far 到目前为止 三重点句型 1.Its been six years since we last saw eac
3、h other.自从上次我们见面以来已有六年了 2It/This/That is the first time that.这/那是第一次 3Whatbe主语like？( 用来征求对方意见) 询问某人或某些情况怎样 四语法 Present perfect tense(现在完成时) 一重点词汇及拓展1bother vt.打扰，麻烦，使烦扰 vi. 操心，花费时间、精力nU(做某事)不便；C引起麻烦或不便的人或事归纳拓展(1)bother sb.with/about sth.拿某事烦扰某人bother about/with sb./sth.为某人/某事而烦恼；操心某人/ 某事bother to do
4、 sth.烦心/费力做某事be bothered about sb./sth.关心某人/ 某事(2)have no/much/little bother (in) doing 做不费力/ 很费力/几乎不费力例句：I dont want to_my problems at the moment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。Dont _ the letters，theyre not urgent.不要为这些信操心，它们不是急件。We had a lot of_ our way there. 【链接训练】I know this is not quite the right word，but I ca
5、nt be _ to think of a better one. Adisturbed Bbothered C troubled Dworried2approach v& n靠近；着手处理 (事务等)；接近；通道；方法归纳拓展(1)at the approach of 在快到的时候at ones approach 某人一接近approach to .的方法、步骤( 其中 to 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词形式)make an approach to 对 进行探讨(2)approach sb.on/about sth.为某事与某人打交道例句：Now were leaving the busi
6、ness district and approaching the harbour.现在我们正离开商业区，前往港口。All approaches to the town were blocked.所有进城的道路都被封锁了。They presented a new approach to learning computer skills.他们提出了学习电脑技术的新方法。【链接训练】In some cases，different approaches _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.Ato Bwith Cabou
7、t D ofAs I_the little grass house in the forest， my heart beat more and more quickly.Aapproached BwalkedC ran Dstepped3contact vt.与(某人)接触；与(某人) 联系 n U接触，传达，交流意见；C有联系；关系，接触归纳拓展come into/be in contact with sb.与某人有来往；和某人接触get in/into contact with sb.make contact with sb.与某人取得联系keep in contact/touch wit
8、h sb.与某人保持联系be out of/lose contact with.与失去联系例句：The journalists contact related people and fix a time for a facetoface interview. They have been/have remained _ each other all these years. After the earthquake，people _ outside.地震后，人们与外界失去了联系。Its good manners to maintain eye_when talking or listening
9、 to others.Acontact BtouchC communication Dconnection4afford v担负得起 (费用) ，抽得出(时间)，提供(1)afford 意为“买得起，负担得起” ，常与 can，could，be able to 连用，后接名词、代词或不定式。(2)afford sth.负担得起某物的费用afford to do sth.负担得起做某事的费用例句：The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.His own garden
10、 affords fresh vegetables to the family.他自家的菜园为一家人提供新鲜蔬菜。Music affords us pleasure.音乐给我们带来欢乐。Arent you going to buy that car？It is modern and comfortable.Yes，it is.But I cant_such an expensive car now.Aafford Blive Chope Doffer5survive vt.比活得长，幸免于 ；从中逃生vi.活下来，幸存(1)A survive B A 比 B 活得时间长survive the
11、accident/fire/earthquake 在事故/火灾/ 地震中幸免于难survive from.从幸存下来survive on.靠维持生活，靠存活下来(2)survival n幸存 survivor n幸存者，死里逃生的人17例句：All these things mean that many villages in Western Europe are fighting to survive.She survived her husband for 10 years. She is barely surviving on her monthly social security pa
12、yment. It was lucky that he survived the big earthquake.【链接训练】Theres little chance that mankind would _ a nuclear war.Aretain Bendure Cmaintain Dsurvive二重点短语1put up 建造，搭起；张贴；为提供食宿put away 储存(钱)；储存以备用；储蓄put forward 提出(意见、建议等)put off 延期；推迟put on 假装；伪装；表演，上演( 戏剧) ；穿上，戴上put through 接通电话例句：Theyve put up
13、a lot of highrise buildings recently. The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.【链接训练】An industrytheme museum is to_where there was once an iron factory, which did a lot for the country in the past. Aput off Bbe put upC put out Dbe put down2go up(价格、温度等 )上升，上涨；被兴建，被建造；攀爬归纳拓展go up to 上升至 go
14、 up by 以某种速度( 比例) 上升go after 追求，追逐 go back to 追溯到，起源于go out 出去；熄灭 go over 复习，仔细检查go through 浏览，翻阅；遭受；经历；仔细检查go without 没有也勉强过得去例句：I believe prices might go up next week. New office blocks are going up everywhere. They went up the hill the other day. 【链接训练】The price of the goods has_but our income do
15、esnt increase.Agone up Bbeen gone upC brought down Dbeen brought down3a great many 许多，大量的英语中有些表示“许多，大量”的短语后接可数名词与不可数名词的情况不同，归纳如下：例句：A great many books have been published this year.It seems that a great number of them are out of work now. The number of people invited was one hundred，but a number of
16、them were absent for different reasons. Large quantities of water have been polluted with the development of industry. 【链接训练】I hear _ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time，though others prefer basketball.Aquite a lot Bquite a fewC quite a bit Dquite a littleThis year an incre
17、ased number of drivers _ for speeding.Ahave punished Bhave been punishedC has punished Dhas been punished三重点句型Its been six years since we last saw each other. 归纳拓展(1)“It is/has been一段时间since 从句(从句中的动词为短暂性动词的过去时)”，是一个短暂性动词表示延续性的句型。(2)如果表示“在过去以前某人做某事持续了一段时间”则用句型“It was/had been一段时间since 从句 (从句中用短暂性动词的
18、过去完成时)” 。 (3)此句型结构中，从句中的动词若为短暂性动词，则动词词义和句意相同，即“自从至今已有多久了” ；若从句中的动词为延续性动词或状态动词，则动词词义和句意相反，即“自从不已经多久了” 。例句：It is/has been 5 years since he left Beijing.他离开北京已 5 年了。It is/has been 5 years since he lived in Beijing.他不在北京住已经有 5 年了。It was several years since the war had broken out.战争已经爆发好几年了。【链接训练】Is it f
19、or two months _ they have stayed here?No, it is only three weeks _ they arrived here.Athat；since Bthat ；whenC when；that Dsince；beforeIt is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.Abefore BsinceC after Dbecause现在完成时现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有关系，即用一个过去的动作来说明现在的情况，现在完成时是现在时态。现在完成时的构成是助动词“have/hasdo
20、ne(过去分词)” 。其否定形式为：have/hasnotdone( 过去分词 )；其被动形式为：have/hasbeen done(过去分词) 现在完成时的基本用法：(1)表示过去发生的动作，其后果和影响现在仍存在，过去的动作和现在的结果相联系。此时句中常有 already，ever，never ，yet，just ，before 等副词作状语，也可不用任何时间状语。例句：I have seen the film The Gold Rush before. (2)表示过去开始并延续到现在的动作或状态。肯定句中只能用延续性动词；否定句中用延续性、终止性动词均可。常和表示一段时间的状语连用，如
21、for two months，since 等，也可以表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如 this morning，recently，in the past few years 等。例句：He has worked here for 20 year He hasnt spoken English since he left school. 注意：在肯定句中非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要时要用延续性动词或表示状态的动词替换。 I have kept/had the new car for a month. (此时不能用 bought)Mr Black has be
22、en back to China twice since 2006. (此时不能用 come back)(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。例句：I will lend you the book as soon as I have finished reading it. (4)与表示不确定的时间状语及包括有现在时间意义在内的状语连用，如already，ever，never ，yet ，just ，recently 等。例句：Now Ive got used to having Chinese food. (5)先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句常用现在完成
23、时。例句：This is the most moving story that Ive heard about. (6)被 the first time，several times，again and again 等表示次数或重复的状语修饰，所说的又是现在的事情时，用现在完成时(尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间)。例句：This is the first time that I have been here. 【链接训练】You dont have to play that record so loud，do you?Im sorry._ you?AHas it been botherin
24、g BDid it botherC Will it bother DHad it bothered Why do you look so worried?My computer broke down and my essay _ since.Ahas been left unfinishedBhas left to finish C was left to finishDhad been left unfinished With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _ in the past years.Adisc
25、overed Bhave discoveredC had been discovered Dhave been discovered This is one of the happiest days _ spent in my life.Athat have ever been Bthat have never beenC which was ever Dwhich we have never Ever since the Greens _ to the countryside half a year ago，the family _ better health.Amove；have been enjoyingBmoved；have enjoyedC moved；have been enjoyedDmoved； enjoying
