1、UNIT 8Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationCorporate Social Responsibility（企业的社会责任）Once upon a time, all- or almost all- businesses were (1) greedy and rapacious, sparing a thought for their (2) workers or the environment only in order to (3) work out how to exploit them. Then bosse
2、s found their (4) consciences, guided (or sometimes forced) by (5) customers or critics from the (6) non-profit world. They discovered the idea that companies should not exist only to make a profit but to (7) serve society. Thus corporate social responsibility (CSR) got its (8) start as a business f
3、ashion, and it is now hard to find a firm that has not (9) come up with an earnest (10) statement about its relations with the wider world. CSR is closely linked with the principles of (11) Sustainable Development in proposing that enterprises should (12) be obliged to make decisions based not only
4、on the financial factors but also on the social and environmental (13) consequences of their activities. Issues like environmental damage, improper treatment of workers and (14) faulty production leading to customers inconvenience or danger, (15) are highlighted in the media.Some investors and inves
5、tment fund managers have begun to （16） take account of a corporations policy in making （17） investment decisions. Some consumers have become increasingly sensitive to the CSR performance of the companies（18） from which they buy their goods and services. These trends （19） have contributed to the pres
6、sure on companies to（20） operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way.Part 2 Listening for GistSmall retailers across the United States are facing the same challenge: competition from shopping malls （大型购物中心）and chain stores（连锁店）. But, in downtown Dickson, Tennessee, a gro
7、up of retail merchants（零售商） have banded together （紧密团结起来） to win back（赢回） their customers who have been attracted to shopping areas （商业圈） in the neighboring big city. Dickson is a typical small American city. It has quiet residential areas （居民区）and a nice little downtown that was once a thriving ret
8、ail center. But according to David Hamilton, president of Dicksons Chamber of Commerce （商会）, highway construction over the past several years changed that. Being just 65 kilometers away from a big city like Nashville, Mr Hamilton says, presents another challenge to Dicksons downtown shopping area. “
9、Because were so close to Nashville, and because so many people work in Nashville, when they think about shopping, they think of going to Nashville malls.“ But small business owners in downtown Dickson didnt give up. Instead, they decided to fight back. More than 40 of them founded the Retail Merchan
10、ts Association of Downtown Dickson. Members of the new association are committed to success; they pay monthly dues （月缴会费） and meet periodically to suggest and discuss creative ways of attracting more shoppers to downtown. Mr. Williams says one idea is creating events modeled on the annual Christmas
11、parade through the downtown area that attracts a large number of city residents. Free refreshments （茶点，小吃） and giveaways （免费样品）will be part of these regular events. Mr. Williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plants and paint. Though it might seem hard to compete
12、with big chain stores, small retailers have an advantage. They have a personal approach in serving customers. Chamber of Commerce president David Hamilton agrees. He says retailers in his city serve customers well, and customers in return, should support them by shopping in their stores. The downtow
13、n area is the heart of a city. And members of Dicksons new Retail Merchants Association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to revitalize（使。 。恢复生气） downtown Dickson so it is once again a busy, welcoming place for people to come and shop. Exercise Directions: Listen to the pas
14、sage and find its topic sentence. The topic sentence is “In downtown Dickson Tennessee， a group of retail merchants have banded together to win back their customers who have been attracted to shopping areas in the neighboring big city.“Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueHaving Their B
15、abies at Home- What about . um . the number of mothers who are now choosing to have their babies at home. Is that a, a growing number in Australia? - Its still a very very small proportion at the moment and therefore many, um, hospitals are thinking of actually introducing birthing centers, birthing
16、 units. We have one at our hospital at the moment, where the, the unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its her own home. - So its like a home in the hospital? - Yeah, its like a little maisonette in the hospital and, er, its so
17、close by to the theatre and delivery suites （产房） that if anything should go wrong（出故障） and did go wrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely. - Margaret, do you think its safe to have a baby at home? - There are risks involved, er, I personally would prefer not to have my baby at home
18、. I mean it would be well youre a midwife . I know it would be quite ideal but the risk of something going wrong and if I was to lose that baby I think that I would be quite devastated. - Arent there dangers in hospital because there are more people involved? - There are dangers in hospital, I mean
19、you, you wouldnt want to know that there is a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection（抗葡萄球菌感染） running around the hospital and, er, that would be quite a risk. In some countries its been proven that having the baby at home is as safe as having a baby in hospital. - Does it get a lot of encou
20、ragement having, er, a baby at home? - I dont think so, no, it doesnt. I think . um . doctors and . I think mainly doctors probably, I think they scare the women saying, well this might go wrong or that might go wrong at home so its better for you to come into hospital. Exercise Directions: Listen t
21、o the dialogue and answer the following questions. 1. Its like a little maisonette, a home in the hospital. 2. Because its still a very small proportion of mothers who are now choosing to have their babies at home at the moment and the birthing unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the woman
22、 can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend its her own home. 3. Because its so close by to the theatre and delivery suites that if anything should go wrong and did go wrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely. 4. Something may go wrong during the delivery and that would be
23、 quite devastating. 5. There could be a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection running around the hospital. Part2 PassageBridging Generations1. Seniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nations history. 2. They are active, energetic, and willin
24、g and can meet many program needs through their volunteer efforts. 3. Because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate up to 30 years of productive activity after retirement. 4. When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits
25、their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients. 5. We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration. Mention the word retirement, and youll likely invoke a range of reactions. Some think of
26、 retirement as a rite of passage（人生大事） , others as a time to relax. The cynical * may view it as a point beyond which one can no longer contribute to society. This is far from the truth! Seniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nations history. They ar
27、e active, energetic, and willing and can meet many program needs through their volunteer efforts. Seniors are a valuable resource with many gifts to offer - among them, experience, patience, skills, time, and wealth - that are unique to them. The senior population, and its proportion relative to the
28、 rest of the population, is increasing rapidly. The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) estimates that, in 2000, some 35 million people aged 65 or older were living in the United States, accounting for 13% of the total population. The aging baby boom generation is expected to double
29、 the senior population over the next 30 years. And because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate* up to 30 years of productive activity after retirement. Seniors share their gifts and life experiences to address issues in school systems, public safety, the environment, and
30、other human needs. Many seniors do not volunteer through formal programs. Some are one-time volunteers; others volunteer for a seasonal or special event. When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of th
31、e recipients. Most importantly, be creative, selective, and have fun -like the volunteers featured here. Like many Americans, Eloise Bowers and Joan Gross recognized the need for additional support for juveniles as they develop and mature into adults. These seniors, however, decided to give back to
32、their community and develop positive relationships with juveniles through FGP. The “grandmas“, now in their second year with the program, have helped more than 50 of the most at-risk youth in the District of Columbia turn their lives around. “It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the
33、 community, as well as help their community and their peers link with them,“ they stress. “For the link to be strong, it must be mutual.“ Some youth in the program have children of their own and need child-rearing tips. Others use inappropriate language and need to expand their vocabulary. Many resp
34、ond with violence and need avenues to vent* anger, whereas others dress inappropriately and need fashion tips（时尚锦囊，小贴士） . “We are committed to helping these youth help themselves,“ Bowers explains. “We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world em
35、bracing them with handcuffs and incarceration.“ Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models; make appropriate referrals for resources; teach respect with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful transitions to m
36、ainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding. A：Pre-listening Question Governmental provision for social security is slow to develop in the US, though there are now some elements of a comprehensive system, with some serious gaps, as well as variations b
37、etween the states. For both old age and illness, provision is now partly private, partly public. Most Americans when at work make some provision for their retirement, through savings, investment and insurance policies, company or union pension funds. Federal government social security provides pensi
38、ons for retired people, and also unemployment benefit for six months, based on compulsory contributions by people at work. The rate of the pension gives an income above the official poverty line, and sufficient for minimal comfort, but only about a quarter of median earnings from employment. It is n
39、ot related to a persons income from private pensions or other sources. B：Sentence Dictation Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times. C：Detailed Listening Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the fol
40、lowing sentences. 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8. DD：After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1. Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models; make appropriate referrals for resources; teach respect
41、with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding. “It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community, as well as help their comm
42、unity and their peers link with them.“ “We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration. “ 2. (Open) Section Three NewsNews Item 1A research team led by Dr. Carle Pieters of Brown University announced
43、the results at a NASA news conference on Thursday.Using data from an American instrument flying on Indian satellite - and confirming data from two other spacecraft - they found water pretty much all over the moon, though more toward the poles and concentrated at the lunar surface. Carle Pieters spok
44、e of water, as did the other scientists, and certainly the news reports have headlined “water found on the moon.“ But another member of the research team, Jack Mustard, also of Brown, said its unclear whether theyre seeing water - a molecule with two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen - H20 - or hy
45、droxyl, a chemical with only one hydrogen atom - OH.That data comes not from examining the rocks on the moon directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. Different chemicals have different spectrographic signatures, but those of water and hydroxyl are very similar.Finding water, if thats what it is, probably wont be of much use to any future human visitors to the Moon. But it may be an additional clue as scientists try to work
