1、词汇(Vocabulary)Lesson 10sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry 热得发昏的；酷热counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court 辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent；persuasive 雄辩的；口才流利的orator ( n.) :a
2、skilled，eloquent public speaker 雄辩家jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings 陪审团erupt ( v.) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint 进发；爆发；喷出clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict 抵触；
3、冲突；意见不一致；对立fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals 原教旨主义(相信 圣经所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a count
4、ry or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会) prohibit ( v.) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order 禁止；不准legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law 合法性indict ( v.) :accuse；charge with the co
5、mmission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury 控告， 控诉；指控，告发，对起诉prosecute (v.) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against 对起诉festoon ( v.) :adorn or hang with festoon
6、s 饰以( 或悬挂)花彩，结彩于sprout (v.) :grow or develop rapidly 迅速生长，迅速发展rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky 易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者) exhort ( v.) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc.规
7、劝，劝告，劝戒infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief 无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的paunchy ( adj. ) :derog. or humor(esp. of a man)having a fat stomach贬或幽(尤指男性)大腹便便的attorney ( n.) :.any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in
8、 behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)( 被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人shrewd ( adj.) :keenwitted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs 机敏的；精明的；伶俐的magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc.)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等) steep ( v.) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped 锄：tho
9、roughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于( 尤用作 steeped in 充满着；沉湎于；精通) agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist 不可知论者growl (v.) :complain in an angry or surly manner 牢骚满腹地说spar ( v. ) :
10、wrangle or dispute 争论；争吵drawl ( v.) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels 慢慢吞吞地说bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice 偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked；widespread 蔓延的；猖獗的faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for us
11、e as fuel)柴捆；柴把contaminate ( v.) :make impure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warmblooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands 哺乳动物snort ( v.) :wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultan
12、t way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞denounce ( v.) :condemn strongly as evil 谴责，指责，痛斥sonorous ( adj. ) :having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的reconcile ( adj. ) :settle(a quarrel，etc.)or compose(a difference，etc.)调解；调和；使一致；使相符divine ( adj. ) :given or inspired by God；holy；sacred 神授的，天赐的；神圣的fervour ( n.) :gr
13、eat warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal ；passion 热烈；热情，热心，热诚arena ( n.) :any sphere of struggle or conflict 竞争场所；活动场所prairie ( n.) :a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland 大草原scorch (v.) :char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning；burn ；make a caustic attack on；assail sc
14、athingly；excoriate 烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评) pop ( v.) :colloq.arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly口突然发生，突然出现，突然来到duel ( n.) :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的 )争斗，冲突，斗争hush ( n.) :absence of noise；quiet；silence 寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默adjourn ( v. ) :close a sessio
15、n or meeting for the day or for a time 休会，闭会；延期swarm (v.) :be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与 with 连用) hawker ( n.) :a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩entrepreneur ( n.) :Fr.a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking.assuming the risk for the sake of
16、 the profit法语企业家ape ( n.) :any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position 猿ponder ( v.) :weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully 默想；深思；考虑cower ( v.) :shrink and tremble，as from someones anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦su
17、lphurous ( adj.) :violently emotional；heated；fiery 异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的dispatch ( n.) :a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc.，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯yokel ( n.) :a contemptuous terma person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin贬乡巴佬，土包子perch
18、 ( v.) :alight or rest on or as on a perch 栖息；停歇；坐在高处gawk ( v.) :stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视wily ( adj.) :full of wiles；crafty；sly 狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的repel ( v.) :drive or force back；hold or ward off 击退；抵挡住fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or
19、earnest；ardent；passionate 热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的Genesis ( n.) :the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe创世纪(圣经 旧约的首卷) snigger ( n.) :a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh 窃笑；暗笑twirl (v.) :rotate rapidly；spin( 使)快速旋转，( 使)迅速转动serpent ( n.) :a snake，esp. a large or po
20、isonous one 蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇) livid ( adj.) :grayishblue；pale ；lead colored 青灰色的；铅色的slur ( n.) :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someones reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc.诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏的名誉gavel ( n.) :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attent
21、ion or silence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的 )小木槌，议事槌quell ( v. ) :crush；subdue；put an end to 镇压；平息hubbub ( n.) :a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult 吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动forlorn (adj.): abandoned or deserted 被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的forlornly adv. verdict ( n.): the formal and unanimous f
22、inding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial 裁定；判决 conviction ( n.): a convicting 0r being convicted 证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪 短语 (Expressions)adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule ，standard or belief) 坚持，忠于 例： She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始
23、终坚持自己的原则。take on : begin to have 呈现 例： Her voice took on a troubled tone.她的声音里有些不安。under way: begin，start(开始 )进行，在前进中。例： We have several plans under way.我们已将几项计划付诸实施。Answer to Excercises in the TextI. Omitted.II.1) We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.2)
24、The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently. 3) The fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible. 4) that all life had developed gradually from a common original organism5) Lets accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether h
25、e is breaking the law or not.6) People from the nearby mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came to support Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalists.7) As my father complained angrily, That s no jury at all.8) He is here
26、 because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.9) People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.10) and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his words showing no fear as if they wer
27、e prayers, interrupting frequently with Amen. Omitted.1) legal terms: court, defence, criminal lawyer, leading councel for the prosecution, state legislature, trial, testify, a jury trial, case, indict, the U. S. Supreme Court, defend, presiding judge, attorney-general, open the session, juror, lega
28、lity, witness, evidence, accuse, adjourn, verdict, jurymen, guilty, conviction2) religious terms: fundamentalists , modernists, the Old Testament, fundamentalism, the Bible, agnostic, Catholic, Jew, infidel, God, Amen, Genesis.1) Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach science, soon t
29、he magazines, books and newspapers will not be allowed to express new ideas.2) It is doubtful whether man (rather the fundamentalist) has reasoning power, Darrow said in a contemptuous way.3) The Christian believes that God in heaven made human being but the evolutionist thinks human beings come fro
30、m lowly animals. The implication is there is nothing lofty, noble about human beings in the eyes of the evolutionist.4) This is a pun, i.e. playing on words. This sentence may have two different interpretations, depending on how you read it. If you pause before the dash, it means Darwin, the natural
31、ist is correct. If you read out the whole sentence, it means Darwin the shop owner is directly inside.5) Even the ape shuddered when it realized that it might share the same ancestry with human beings (especially the fundamentalists).6) Malone considered the defeat a blessing in disguise, although S
32、copes was found guilty, they had succeeded in drawing the attention of the people all over the United States to this issue.7) The statement conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry.8) This shows that the jurors were ignorant, prejudiced a
33、nd narrow minded. There couldnt be a fair and impartial trial.9) Bryans role is self-appointed. There is no need for Bryan to act as the spokesman. If a thing is true it does not need anyone, least of all Bryan, to defend it.10) Bryan was dead against knowledge, Science and new ideas, so it was iron
34、ical to name a university after him because the function of a university was to spread knowl-edge, science and new ideas.1) snowball: metaphor; grow or develop rapidly2) circus atmosphere: metaphor; riotous holiday spirit3) sprout: metaphor; grow or spring up quickly4) spar: metaphor; fight with wor
35、ds, engage in argument5) thunder: metaphor; say loudly and angrily6) like a prairie fire: simile; spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles7) scorch : metaphor wither, thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory: metaphor; the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation8) a duel: metaphor;
36、a life and death struggle9) a storm of applause：metaphor ；loud applause by many people10) the oratorical duel：metaphor ；the speech contest11) spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which one believes cannot fail12) oratorical storm，blew up：metaphors ；the great debate
37、that took place like a fresh wind：simile；brought new and healthy changes.The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United States.1) hyperbole 2) transferred
38、 epithet 3) synecdoche 4) ridicule 5) sarcasm 6) irony7) sarcasm 8) antithesis 9) hyperbole 10) ridicule, simile 11) ridicule 12) oxy-moran.1) 初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。2) 立法部门制订法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。3) 三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。4) 他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进行公审。5) 在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在圣经上。6) 自助者，上帝助之。7) 不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律
39、面前，法官应一视同仁。8) Barristers 是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。9) 作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要为被告辩护。.1) At that time metaphysics was rampant.2) 2)I did not anticipate that 1 would get involved in this dispute3) You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.4) The jury brought in a verdict of g
40、uilty and the judge sentenced him to three years imprisonment.5) Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though racial segregation is against the law.6) 6)I think we can reconcile the two views.7) He seemed reconciled to the idea.8) The spectators hearts went out to
41、the defendant.9) The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at hand.10) He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five.11) The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract.X.criminal, guilt, defendant, legal, defence, afford, a
42、t, prison, prepared|trial, cross-examine, prosecution, witnesses, attend, compelled, court, counsel, right |jury, evidence, accused, verdict, innocence, unammous, majority|appeal, tried, offenceXI. Omitted.XII. Omitted.Lesson Nineidyllic ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风
43、光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的 cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of peoples motives and actions，or the value of living 玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的 obsess (v.) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree ；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)
44、 frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱) tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping；a journey on foot ；hike 步行；徒步旅行 prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc.(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者 starry-eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glo
45、w of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc.过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的 acid-tongued ( adj.) :sharp，sarcastic in speech 说话尖刻的 cynic ( n.) :a cynical person 玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人 navigable ( n.) :wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels 可行船的；可通航的；可航行的attest ( n.) :serve as
46、 proof of；demonstrate ；make clear 作为的证据，为作证；论证；表明 artery ( n.) :a main road or channel 干线，干道，大路；干渠 keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi， Missouri，etc.(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的 )龙骨船 flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow w
47、aters or on rivers 平底船 molasses ( n.) :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced duringhe refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc. 糖蜜，糖浆 cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth 阅历浅的年轻人 cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system 宇宙 feud ( n.) :a bitter，longcontinued ，and
48、 deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和 lynch (v.) :Am.murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging美私刑处死 phonographic ( adj.) :Am.of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. 美 留声机的，唱机的 teem ( v.) :be full，as though ready to bring forth
49、young；abound；swarm 充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现 flotsam ( n.) :transient，unemployed people；vagrants 流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人 hustler ( n.) :Am.slanga prostitute美俚妓女 thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster ，robber ，etc. 恶棍；暴徒；强盗 motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous 混乱的；杂乱的 succumb ( v.) :give way(to)；yield；submit die 屈服，屈从(常与 to 连用)死 epidemic ( n.) :the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion ，etc.(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行 flirt ( v.) :trifle or toy(wi
