1、直线网 本文的作者是一位职业动画师兼概念艺术家，值得一提的是，他在蒸汽机械方面也颇有造诣，平时以制作一些真实可动的蒸汽机械和电子机器人为乐。最近在收集这些资料，希望文章对大家在创作机械题材作品时能有所帮助。本教学为翻译教学，转载请注明来自 ,以及注明翻译者原始链接如下：http:/ （aboutcg 铁杆 fans）请尊重互联网道德，转载请注明转载出处和翻译者，谢谢！How to Draw SteamPunk Machines如何画蒸汽朋克题材的机械Mission:The purpose of this web page is not to teach you how to draw. I w
2、ill not be going though the technique, perspective, color, line weight, software, or any of the stuff you can easily surf up. This page is to inform artists who want to draw steampunk machines but dont quite understand how steam works. The focus is to add enough elements to your drawings, to make yo
3、ur steampunk machines more believable.任务：这个网页不准备教你怎么绘画。我将不详细讨论技法、透视、色彩、线条粗细、软件以及所有这些你能在网上轻易搜到的东西。这篇文章为那些想创作蒸汽朋克类机械但对蒸汽机如何运作了解不深的艺术家们提供信息。目的就是帮助你在作品里添上足够的元素，使她更为真实可信。Validation:I feel that too often, steampunk designs are too fancy. They go too cool and end up loosing the all important look & feel of
4、 old tech steampunk. I think that it is important to state that I make real working steampunk machines / robots for a hobby. My steam site: Crabfu SteamWorks, contains lots of miniature, real working, live steam machines. There has been overwhelming media coverage of my work, probably because I took
5、 it from the fake sci-fi movie magic, into the real world. Through experience and trial and error, Ive learned not only to make something look like it would work, but actually does work.确认：我 觉得很多时候一些蒸汽朋克题材的设定太过幻想，它们酷过头了，以至于丧失了蒸汽朋克本应具有的那种散发古旧科技味道的外观和感觉。我想说明一下，我的一 大爱好是制作真实可动的蒸汽机械和机器人，这点很重要。我的蒸汽主题网站：Cr
6、abfu SteamWorks,里面有很多可实际运作的小型蒸汽机械。新闻媒体曾大量报道过我的作品（囧一个，老外真懂推销自己），我想可能是因为我把这些玩意儿 从软科幻电影的魔法中带入到真实世界里了吧。通过试验和反复实践，我所学到的不仅是怎么让它们看上去能运行，而且还有它们是如合真实运行的。Disclaimer:I am an animator and concept artist by trade. However, I dont think my art is really so great that it deserves a “how to”. My devotion to my live
7、 steam hobby however, lends my steampunk designs a level of authenticity that often lacks in steampunk art. Therefore, this is just a quick explanation of parts, and how to draw and design a machine that “looks” convincing.Please keep in mind that these are super simple explanations of different com
8、ponents of live steam, and steam buffs will probably will tear these descriptions to pieces I feel that it is important to get the basic idea without having to go into dry and boring detail. By no means am I an expert in steam engines. This info is taken from my personal experience working on small
9、scale live-steam engines. Most of the examples below are found on model engines, which works off of the same basic principle as the big ones. This is also just a guide. There are no set rules for concept art. You just make whatever appeals to you. In other words. this is steam for artists, not reall
10、y to educate you in details of steam power! However, it is important to understand some fundamentals of steam power, in order to make your drawings look believable, as something that could have been built in Victorian times.First you have to understand steam, and how it works by looking at each part
11、 of the machine.无责任声明：我 的职业是动画师兼概念艺术家。但我自愧自身的艺术功力不足以让我的作品能够教人“怎么做”。但是，由于我对蒸汽机好爱的一贯坚持，使得我在蒸汽朋克题材 的设计上到了一个接近真实的水平，而这类艺术作品通常所缺乏的便是真实感。因此，本文仅仅是对蒸汽机部件作了简要说明，以及教你设计看上去真实可信的机 械。请记住下面对真实蒸汽机各部件的解释都是极其简略的，真正的蒸汽迷要是看到了这些描述可能会直接把它撕碎：）我觉得一点很重要，我们掌握基本 概念即可，没 必要细究枯燥乏味的细节。我可不是蒸汽引擎专家。这些信息都是从我制作小尺寸蒸汽机的个人经验中获取的。下面的大多数例
12、子都是取自模型引擎，它们的基本原 理和大尺寸的家伙是一样的。这仅仅是个指南。对于概念艺术来讲没有太多的规则，你创造任何吸引你的东西就好了。换句话说，这是让你以艺术家的眼光来看待蒸 汽机，而不是真把你教得通晓蒸汽动力的每一个细节：）尽管如此，为了让你的作品更可信，比方说（你想做的）东西只能在维多利亚时代（的技术条件下）制造 出，那么了解蒸汽动力的一些基本原理还是很必要的。首先，我们必须了解蒸汽机，通过观察它的每一个部分了解它的工作原理。Steam Power Components（蒸汽机部件）Boiler:The boiler is usually cylindrical and long. T
13、he purpose of it is to boil water, pretty simple concept Most boilers have flues, which just means inside is a bunch of tubes for the fire to heat & boil the water fast. Sometimes they have a camel dome looking thing on top. Steam pipe should be drawn on top of the boiler, where steam comes out. How
14、ever, sometimes the steam pipe comes out of the boiler, and get fed through the fire again, this is called superheater. In this case, the steam pipe can come out elsewhere visually. Anyway, to keep it simple, make pipes coming out of the top of the boiler. The “smoke stack” usually comes out of the
15、boiler to one end. The reason for the stack is to vent the fire, as one end of the boiler is fired. Often steam exhaust from the boiler goes into the stack, the force of the steam shooting out of it, helps drawl the fire more inside the flues. Boilers usually have a stack somewhere, size and shape o
16、f the stack varies a lot. another words, sketch whatever shape and size stack looks best, to balance out the design.锅炉锅 炉通常是长长的圆柱体。拿来烧水用的，简单的常识：）大多数的锅炉有火管，也就是说有很多管道在锅炉里，火（烟气）由内部通过，更快地把水加热至沸腾。 有时锅炉顶部有个用于观察内部的驼峰状圆顶。蒸汽管道应该画在锅炉顶部，蒸汽从那个位置出来。但是，有些锅炉的蒸汽管道出来后又返回加热，这种叫做过热 器。这样的话，蒸汽管道随便从哪里出来都可以。总之，为了保持简洁，让管道从
17、锅炉顶部通出即可。通常“烟囱” 从锅炉的一端伸出。由于锅炉另一端在加热，所 以烟囱用来排出烟气。通常锅炉排出的蒸汽会进入到烟囱，喷涌出的蒸汽由于气压差的引力，会把更多的火（烟气）带入火管。锅炉通常都有个烟囱在上面，大小和 形状多样，换言之，画出形状和尺寸最顺眼的烟囱，平衡一下设计。Burner / FuelHeat / Fire can be generated in a variety of ways. This usually evolves the fuel source being coal, gas, or anything that can burn really hot. Wit
18、h coal, you need to design an area which the coal is fed into, with a door. You also need to design an area for someone to fed the coal/wood, as well as a supply of coal / tender. With gas, you need to draw up some design of the burner mechanism, usually sticks out of the burner a bit. The fuel supp
19、ly for gas can be a container, of any shape (although most everything is cylindrical), with pipes going into the burner, connected to the bottom of the boiler. Gas mixes with air in the process, and the amount of fire can be controlled by valves on the gas tank, as well as the amount of air is mixed
20、 for the fire.燃烧室/燃料热 /火可由多种方式生成。这通常和燃料是煤、油气还是其他任何可以产热的东西有关。如果是煤，你就需要设计一个送煤的带门进口，同时还要给燃料工设计一个 工作区域，以及供煤设备。如果使用油气，你就要设计一个相关的机械装置，它通常突出于燃烧器一点点。油气的供应设备可以是任何形状的容器（尽管大多时候是 柱体），有管道通向燃烧器，连接到锅炉的底部。油气在输送过程中与空气混合，火力可由储气罐的阀门以及混合的空气量来控制。EngineThere are a variety of different types of steam engines. They basical
21、ly are just pistons in which steam pushes, and in a variety of ways via linkages, all end up with an axle spinning in a circular motion.Without going into steam engines in detail, here are the basics of how to draw them. Draw a cylinder, (piston is inside and not visible). Shapes is basically a big
22、cylinder with a small long cylinder coming out of it. Steam is piped through the cylinder to push the piston in and out. If it is double acting (pushes both in and out) then it usually contains a box like shape on the cylinder. This is for another link connected to the shaft to open and close valves
23、 to allow the steam to fed though each end of the cylinder pushes piston out, and pushes in when it gets to the end of the travel. So to put it simply, cylinder, with a box on the side.Some steam engines can be reversed. There are three ways that this can work: 1) Engine can be reserved by linkages
24、to change how the steam is piped in by a Stephensons linkage, which usually looks like some sort of lever, complex looking linkages, with an arc piece that guides the lever. 2) For double cylinders, a valve can reverse the direction of the steam flow, and therefore the engine runs backwards. 3) clut
25、ch driven, the engines only runs in one direction, but with the use of gears, the drive shaft can be reversed.引擎蒸汽机引擎多种多样。基本上讲，就是一些由蒸汽推动的活塞，以各种联接方式，最后作用到作圆周旋转运动的轮轴上。这 里不对蒸汽机作细究，只讲些怎么画的基本法则。画出一个柱体（注：汽缸也可叫 cylinder）（活塞在里面，不可见）。形状基本是大柱体，里面还有个 细长的柱体出来。蒸汽经管道通过汽缸，推动活塞进进出出。假如是个双程汽缸（同时推动活塞进和出），那么它通常会带个盒状的东西
26、。这个盒子里装有另外的连 接主轴的装置，可以开启和关闭阀门，使蒸汽能作用于汽缸的两端即蒸汽进入一端时推出活塞，当蒸汽到达另一端时把活塞推回。所以简单点，画个柱体加上旁 边有个盒子即可。有些蒸汽引擎可以反向。通过 3 种方式可以这实现：1）通过史蒂芬森连杆机构，引擎可以改变蒸汽进入的方式，这种连杆机构常常看 上去像杠杆，外观复杂，还有 个弧状部件引导杠杆。2）对于双程引擎来讲，阀门能反转气流方向，因此引擎会前后运动。3）离合器驱动，引擎只能在一个方向上运动，但是利用齿轮可使驱动 轴反转转向。FlywheelThis is usually a large heavy wheel, and it d
27、oes have a purpose. The flywheel keeps the momentum going, otherwise the engine runs sporadically and can stall. Flywheels are always attached to the shaft that the pistons drive. You dont absolutely need a flywheel, but it makes the engine run a lot smoother.飞轮飞轮通常又大又重，作用是保持运动的惯性，否则引擎只会偶尔工作一下并会熄火。飞
28、轮总是和活塞驱动的那个轴相连。你并不一定就要添上飞轮，但是它让引擎运转起来流畅很多。Oiler/ displacement lubricatorThese things are just what it sounds like, they lubricate. They are usually attached, or very close to the engine. They can be right on the cylinder area or on the pipe going into the engine. They provide oil & lubrication for t
29、he pistons inside of the cylinder. They can be cylinder shaped container, or a manual hand pump.None of this is all that important in drawing steampunk machine, all you have to remember are these shapes: Cylindrical for the cylinders (duh), boxes attached to cylinders with pipe, levers & valves near the engines, and flywheel.喷油器/水压润滑器这些东西正如其名，起润滑作用。它们通常连接在，或者靠近引擎。它们可能刚好在汽缸（引擎）这个位置或者通入引擎的管子上。它们给汽缸中的活塞提供油液和润滑剂。它们可能是柱状的容器，或者手动泵。
