1、break down 损坏；（将抗等）垮掉，崩溃 break in 非法闯入，强行进入 break off 中断，突然停止 ;折断 break out 逃脱，逃走；突然出现，爆发 break trough 突破，冲破；取得突破性成就 ;(日月)从(云层后)出现 break away from 摆脱, 从脱离 break into 闯入;突然起来 = burst into break out 爆发(无被动) break up vt./vi. 把拆开/打碎 ；解散; 驱散 ；(使)关系破裂 ；终止;绝交1. break away (from)(1) 突然逃掉或离开。如：The thief brok
2、e away from the policeman. 小偷从警察那逃脱了。 (2) 断绝往来，脱离。如：He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。(3) 改掉(旧习惯)，破除( 旧作法) 。如：You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。2. break down (1) (机器、车辆等)坏了。如：The car broke down after an hours driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。(2) (计划、谈判等)失败。如：Our plans have bro
3、ken down. 我们的计划已失败了。(3) (谈话、通讯等)中断。如：He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了。(4) (健康、精神等)变坏。如：Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把他的身体弄垮了。3. break in 突然进来，强行进入。如：He broke in and stole my money. 他闯进来偷了我的钱。(2) 插嘴，打岔。如：He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插话谈了自己的一些想法。 Please
4、 dont break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。 The secretary broke in to say that a telegram had just arrived. 秘书插话说刚收到一个电报。注：以上用法的 break in 通常是不及物的，但有时也用作及物动词，带宾语，表示：训练某人( 物)，使某人 (物)适应。如： He is breaking in the new man as a machine operator. 我在训练那个新工人操作机器。Two weeks in the new office should be enoug
5、h to break you in. 在新办公室上两星期的班便足以让你适应了。 4. break into (1) 强行进入。如：The thieves planned to break into a bank. 这些小偷计划闯银行。(2) 突然起来。如：Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息，她就哭了起来。The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那个人一看到警察，拨腿就跑。(3) 打断，插嘴。如：He broke into the discussion with a shout o
6、f warning. 他大声警告，打断了讨论。(4) 占用时间。如：Social activities break into my time. 社会活动占去了我的时间。注：break into 与 break in 的有时可表示相同的意思，但前者通常为及物的，后者通常为不及物的。5. break off (1) 停止讲话。如： He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话没讲完就停住了。 (2) 暂停，休息。如：Lets break up for a rest. 我们休息一会儿吧。 (3) (使)折断。如：The mast has (been)
7、broken off. 桅杆折断了。6. break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发。如：A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。The 2nd World War broke out in September, 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于 1939 年 9 月。Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。注：是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。7. break through (1) 突破，有重要创见。如：Scientists say theyre beginni
8、ng to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。(2) 克服，征服。如：You must try to break through your shyness. 你必须要设法克服羞怯。(3) 强行穿过(进入 )。如： (2) (学校等 )放假。如：When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假? (3) 结束，破裂。如：The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了。 Their marriage is
9、breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂。(4) 击碎，撞碎。如： The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了。(5) 绝交。如： Shes just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交。The enemys defences were strong but our soldiers broke through. 敌人的防线很艰固，但仍为我军所突破。注：有时指太阳、月亮等从云层里出来。如：The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来。
10、8. break up (1) 解散，驱散。如：The police broke up the crowd (the meeting). 警察驱散了人群(集会)。1. call at a place (1) (车船等)停靠。如：The train calls at every station. 这火车每个站都停。(2) 到某地拜访。如：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。2. call away (1) 叫走，叫开。如：He was called away by a friend. 他被朋友叫走了。(2) 转移( 注意力等) 。如：H
11、e is studying an important problem, and nothing can callaway his attention. 他正在研究一个重要问题，什么也不能使他分心。3. call back(1) 唤回，叫回。如： (1) He was about to leave when his wife called him back. 他正要离去，他妻子把他叫了回来。(2) 回电话，再打电话。如：Ill call (you) back. 我将给你回电话。Hes not in. Please call back later. 他不在家，请过一会儿再打来。)4. call f
12、or sth (sb)(1) 喊着叫某人来，喊着叫人取来某物。如：He called for the waiter. 他叫服务员。 The boy called for his clothes. 小男孩喊着给他拿衣服来。He called for a glass of beer. 他叫了一杯啤酒。(2) 来或去取某物，来或去接某人。如：We called for the packages at the post office. 我们到邮局领取包裹。Ill call for you (at your house) at nine. 我九点 (到你家)来接你。(3) 需要，要求。如：This pr
13、oblem calls for careful thought. 这问题需要好好想一想。The work calls for time and patience. 这工作需要时间和耐心。 注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。5. call in (1) 叫进，请进。如：He only waited two minutes before he was called in. 他只等了两分钟就被叫了进去。(2) 找来，请来。如：Call in the doctor at once. 马上去请医生来。 (3) 来访。如：Please call in at five. 请在五点来访。He called in
14、the office this afternoon. 他今天下午来办公室坐了一会儿。(4) 收回。如：The librarian called in all the books. 图书管理员把书全部收了回去。 6. call off (1) 叫走，转移开。如：Call your dog off. 把你的狗叫走。(2) 取消，不举行。如：The match was called off because of bad weather. 由于天气不好，比赛取消了。He phoned me and called the appointment off. 他给我打电话取消了这次约会。7. call (u
15、p)on sb 拜访或看望某人。如：He called on them that evening. 他那天晚上去拜访了他们。I called upon Mrs Foster this evening. 我今晚去看望了福斯特太太。8. call sb sth 为某人叫某物。如：Please call me a taxi. 请帮我叫一辆出租车。请帮我叫一辆出租车。注：该句型也可用介词 for 改写。如：Please call a taxi for me. 9. call (up)on sb to do sth 叫(请)某人做某事。如： Then the teacher called on me t
16、o answer the question. 这里老师叫我回答问题。We are calling on you to help us. 我们恳请你帮助我们。(2) 号召某人做某事。如：The Party called on us to study hard for the people. 党号召我们要为人民努力学习。10. call out(1) 大声叫( 喊)。如：He called out with pain. 他痛得大叫。The drowning boy called out for help. 溺水的男孩大声呼救。(2) 叫出去。如：The teacher called me out.
17、 老师把我叫了出去。(3) 召唤，请来，调去。如：He decided to call out the army. 他决定动用军队。The fire brigade was called out twice last night. 昨晚消防队出动了两次。注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。如：A number of police were called out to keep order. 不少警察被调去维持秩序。11. call up (1) (给)打电话。如：Please call me up this evening. 请今晚给我打电话。请今晚给我打电话。All right, Ill ring
18、 up again. 好吧，我回头再打电话。(2) 想起，回忆起。如： Your letter calls up the days when we worked together. 你的来信使我想起了我们在一起工作的情景。(3) 召集，应召入伍。如：He was called up right at the beginning of the war. 他在战争一开始就被应征入伍。give mouth to 说出。give my remembrances to 请代问候 .。give new life into 给予生气， 给予活力， 赋与生机。give no change 口语词组不被某人知道
19、。 对某人保密。give notice 通知。give notice to 报告。give occasion to 引起。give odds 让对方一等。give off 发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出（枝、杈等） 。give offence to 触怒， 得罪。give offense 冒犯， 挑衅。give on （门、窗等）向着。give one a big hand 喝采。give one a break 饶恕。give one his say 让人把话讲出来。give one to understand 暗示。give ones attention to 注意。give ones ears
20、 不惜任何代价。give ones hand to sb. 答应和某人结婚。give ones head for the washing 低头受辱。give ones heart to sb. 爱上某人。give ones mind to 专心于。give ones voice for 投票赞成。give ones word 保证， 答允。give ones word of honour 以名誉担保。give oneself airs 摆架子。give oneself away 露马脚， 现原形。give oneself countenance 沉住气。give oneself out as
21、give 自称为。give oneself out for give 自称为。give oneself out to be give 自称为。give oneself over to 沉迷于(恶习等)。give oneself over to doing 使沉湎于。give oneself to 使沉湎于。give oneself up 自首。give oneself up to 使沉湎于。give oneself up to despair 只会悲观失望。give or take 允许有.的小误差。give out 分发， 发出( 气味、热等)， 发表， 用尽， 精疲力竭。give out
22、the results 发表成绩。give over 停止， 放弃。give over to sb. 交付给某人。give pap with a hatchet 以粗暴方式做好事。give pause to 使踌躇。give place to 让位于。give plan to 使.发挥。give points to 让分给。give possession 移交所有权， 使完全占有。give priority to 认为优先。give prominence to 突出， 重视。give proof on 举例证明。give publicity to 公布， 宣传。give quarter 准其投
23、降免死， 从宽发落。give reasons for 陈述理由， 解释。give rise to 引起， 使发生。give room 腾地方 位置， 让开。give sanction to 批准， 同意。give satisfaction 使满意， 接受挑战。give sb. a bit of ones mind 直言不讳。give sb. a dirty look 对某人瞪一眼。give sb. a fit 使某人大吃一惊。give sb. a glad hand 欢迎某人。give sb. a hand 给予帮助。give sb. a lead 给某人做榜样， 提示某人。give sb.
24、a leg up 助某人一臂之力。give sb. a lick with the rough side of ones tongue 对某人出言粗鲁。give sb. a lift 让某人搭车， 帮某人忙。give sb. a piece of ones mind 对某人直言不讳。give sb. a rap on the knuckles 敲打某人的手指关节， 谴责某人。give sb. a shove off 帮助某人开个头。give sb. a snuff 惩罚某人。give sb. a thick ear 把某人耳朵打肿。give sb. a touch of the ropes e
25、nd 体罚某人。give sb. a wet shirt 使某人累得汗流浃背。give sb. beans 惩罚某人。give sb. change 给某人以报答。give sb. credit for 为某人提供信用贷款， 相信某人有。give sb. hell 使某人不能忍受。give sb. his gruel 挫败某人， 杀死某人。give sb. in marriage 把某人嫁出。give sb. line enough 对某人欲擒故纵。give sb. ones good honour 对某人许下诺言。give sb. rope to hang himself 任某人自取灭亡。g
26、ive sb. some skin 与某人握手。give sb. the air 解雇某人。give sb. the axe 解雇某人。give sb. the bag 解雇某人。give sb. the benefit of the doubt 假定某人无辜。give sb. the bird 嘘某人， 解雇某人。give sb. the boot 解雇某人。give sb. the brush 打发某人， 不睬某人。give sb. the bucket 解雇某人。give sb. the cut direct 故意不理睬某人。give sb. the edge of ones tongu
27、e 痛骂某人。give sb. the eye 向某人做媚眼。give sb. the finger 亏待某人。give sb. the frozen mit 冷待某人。give sb. the gate 赶走某人。give sb. the lie 指责某人说谎。give sb. the lie in his throat 指责某人撒谎。give sb. the rough side of ones tongue 对某人出言不逊。give sb. the slip 乘人不备时溜走。give sb. the stick 鞭打某人。give sb. the wall 把好走的路让给某人。give
28、sb. the works 折磨某人， 杀害某人。give sb. the worst of it 击败某人。give sb. time 给某人放宽时间。give sb. to understand 通知某人， 使某人领会。give sb. what for 痛打某人。give security against 保护， 使无.之忧。give service to 为.效劳。give shape to 使成形。 表达， 使.具体 条理化。give shelter to 庇护。give short measure 短少分量。 喻不能满足要求。give short shrift 对.漠不关心， 很快
29、解决。give short weight 克扣分量。give some colour of truth to 使.具有一定的真实性。give someone a ring 打电话。give speech to 说出。give sth. a miss 避开某物。give sth. to the dogs 抛弃某物， 牺牲某物以保护自己。give suck to 给. 吃奶。give support to 支持， 支援。give teeth to 口语词组 使.真正有效。 使坚强有力。give thanks 宗( 饭前或饭后) 作感恩祷告。give the OK 批准。 同意。give the a
30、larm 发警报。give the appearance of 装出.的样子。 看起来象。give the battle 认输。give the blessing (神父等)给教徒祝福。give the bounce 解雇开除， 抛弃(某人) ， 与(某人)断绝关系。give the bridle to 放纵。give the bucket 俗解雇(某人 )。give the bullet 俚语 解雇(某人 )。give the business 美国俚语被捉弄。 被粗暴地对待。give the case against sb. 作出对某人不利的判决。give the case for sb.
31、 作出对某人有利的判决。give the devil his due 公平对待， 平心而论。give the dope 提出内部 消息。give the dummy (橄揽球赛中)做假动作骗对手。 声东击西。give the dust to 美国习惯用语 超越， 赶过。give the eye 注目。 给以白眼。give the floor to 给予发言权。give the game away 泄露秘密(计谋) 。 露出马脚。give the high sign 美国习惯用语 发出信号。give the last hand to 对.做最后的润色。give the law to sb. 把自
32、己的意志强加于人。give the measure of 表达出 . 的深度。give the nod 口语词组认可， 批准， 选中。give the office 暗示。give the opportunity 给找着， 得到， 给， 造， 失去， 抓住， 利用机会。give the push 解雇某人， 叫(某人)卷铺盖， 叫某人滚蛋。give the reins to 放任， 使自由发挥。give the rod 鞭打。give the shaft 欺骗。give the show away 露出马脚， 泄露内情。give the stem 撞击。give the time of day
33、 口语词组向某人问候。 寒暄。问好。give the tip to 暗中关照做某事。give the war whoop 发出战争呐喊声。 发出大叫大嚷声。give the word 说出通行口令。give tick 赊销。give to the dogs 扔掉， 丢弃。 挥霍掉。扔掉， 挥霍掉。give to the world 出版， 发表。give up 放弃(念头、希望等)， 停止， 抛弃， 认输， 把. 送交， 口语词组对.绝望(=give up)。the teacher asks me never to give up. 外教叫我永不言弃。give up all hope 放弃一切
34、希望。give up for lost 认定(某人)己无生还的希望。 认为某事己没有希望。give up the breath 死。give up the fight 放弃战斗。 认输。give up the ghost 古死， 断气。死。give up the spirit 死去。give up to 让给。give upon (门、窗等)向朝着。give us your fist 伸出手来， 握手言欢。give vent to 吐露，发泄。give vogue to 使.风行一时。give voice to 表达。give way 撤退， 让路， 退让， 垮掉， 倒塌， 屈服， 跌价。gi
35、ve way to 让路，让步。give way todespair 断念。 绝望。give weight to 重视。 加强.， 为.提出强有力的证据。give witness on behalf of sb. 为某人作证。give words to 用言语表达。follow 开头的短语（共 52 条）：follow a middle course 采取折衷办法， 避免极端手段。follow about 跟踪， 尾随。follow after 追求， 追随， 力求达到（或取得） 。follow block (用于旋压的)抵板。follow board 模板， 样板(量具) 。follow c
36、ameraman 摄影(师)助理(负责调焦) 。 一助。follow current 持续电流。follow feed 跟踪送料。follow focus 跟(镜头聚)焦。follow focus viewer 跟焦寻象器。follow from 是从 根据.得.出的。follow hard after 紧紧跟着。follow home 穷追， 追根到底。follow in sb.s steps 模仿某人， 步某人后尘。follow in the cry (猎狗) 跟着一群猎狗一同追赶。follow in the rear 跟在后头。follow like a sheep 盲从。follow
37、like sheep 盲从。follow my leader (一种儿童游戏 )学领袖。follow on 继续下去， 经过一段时间再继续。follow on the heels of 紧跟在后面。紧跟追随 某人。follow ones bent 凭兴趣做事。follow ones bigoted course 固执己见。follow ones inclinations 随心所欲。follow ones nose 笔直走， 凭本能做事。follow out 把.查到底， 贯彻， 执行。follow procedure 追随进程(程序教学 )。follow rest 跟刀架 随行(块 )架。 移
38、动刀架， 随行刀架中心架。follow scanner 跟踪扫描器。follow spot 跟踪聚光灯。follow suit 跟着做， 跟着出同花色的牌。follow the banner 军投入.旗帜下。 加入.的队伍。 拥护 .事业 主义， 原则等。follow the banner of 军投入.旗帜下。 加入.的队伍。 拥护.事业主义， 原则等。follow the crowd 随大流， 从众。follow the dictates of 听从.的命令支配 。follow the drum 当兵。follow the example of 学习.的榜样， 照.的样子。follow t
39、he fashion 赶时髦。follow the lead of sb. 效仿某人。follow the line of least resistance 沿着阻力最小的方向。 采用最省力的办法。follow the mode 赶时髦。follow the plough 种田。种田， 从事农业。follow the river 美国习惯用语 在内河汽船上做工。follow the robe 充任律师。follow the sea 做海员。follow the trail 跟着嗅迹， 追踪。follow the trail of 效法于人，步人后尘。follow throgh 坚持到底， 贯彻
40、到底。follow through 完成球棒( 或球拍) 击球后的弧形动作， 坚持到底。follow up 穷追， 把.探究到底， 用继续行动来加强效果。follow up the scent 跟踪。follow upon the heels of 紧跟追随 某人。follow 结尾的短语（共 5 条）：active follow 主动跟踪。as follow 依下列各项。automatic follow 自动跟踪。contact follow 电触点追随。spring follow 弹性随动件， 随动簧。以 look 开头的常用短语和词组：look a gift horse in the m
41、outh 对礼物吹毛求疵。look about 四处寻找 , 考虑, 察看。四处观看。look about for 四下寻找。look about one 察看自己的情况。look after 目送 , 寻求, 照顾, 关心。look after number one 口语照顾自己的利益, 为自己打算。look ahead 计划未来 , 预测未来。look alive 口语注意。 快点。 赶快。look angle 视角。航空观测角。look around (=look round)到处寻找 ,察看,观光,游览。look as if butter would not melt in ones
42、mouth 看来一本正经, 装得老实。look as if one came out from a bandbox 装束得十分整洁。look as if one came out of a bandbox 装束得十分整洁。look as if one stepped out from a bandbox 装束得十分整洁。look as if one stepped out of a bandbox 装束得十分整洁。look askew at sth 对.不屑一顾。look at 看 , 考虑 , 着眼于。look at home 扪心自问。look at the surface only 只看
43、外表。look away 把脸转过去。look awry 斜视。look back 回顾, 倒退。回顾,追忆。look back from the plough 虎头蛇尾, 半途而废。look back on 回忆。look big 摆出一副了不起的样子。look black 怒目而视。look black at 怒视。look blank 作困惑状。 (前途等)空虚, 暗淡。look blue 神色沮丧。 脸色发青。look box 观察孔。look daggers (对某人)怒目而视。look daggers at sb. 对某人怒目而视。look down 俯视, 跌价, 用目光压倒。l
44、ook down on 轻视, 看不起。蔑视,瞧不起。look down ones nose at 看不起。look down upon 蔑视, 瞧不起。look for 寻找, 期待。look for an ESL teacher 找外教look for a needle in a bottle of hay 大海捞针。look for credit 力求出人头地。look forward to 期望。期待,盼望。look forward to sth. 期望, 盼望。look here 口语 喂。 听我说( 唤起注意)。听着我警告你 。look high and low 四处寻找。look
45、 ill 看上去有病, 显得不好。look in 看望。顺道访问。look into 窥视, 浏览, 观察。look into the mirror 照镜子。look like 像., 似.,外表特征是。look like a dummy 显出呆头呆脑的样子。look like a million dollars 美口(人) 看起来身体好极了。 (东西)看起来十分漂 亮。look like the cat after it had eaten the canary 带着洋洋得意的样子。look lively 行动敏捷些 , 拿出劲头来。look nippy 赶快。look of verjuic
46、e 愠怒的脸色。look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待。look on all sides 到处细看。look on the bright side 对事物抱乐观态度。look on the bright side of things 对事物抱乐观态度。look on the dark side 对事物抱悲观态度。look on the dark side of things 对事物抱悲观态度。look on the gloomy side 对事物抱悲观态度。look on the gloomy side of things 对事物抱悲观态度。look on the sunny side
47、 对事物抱乐观态度。look on the sunny side of things 对事物抱乐观态度。look on with folded arms 袖手旁观。look one way and row another 声东击西。look ones age 和年龄相称。look oneself 和平常一样。look out 面朝, 留神, 照料。look out for 留心 , 期待, 物色。look out for number one 先为自己着想。look out for squalls 提防危险。look out on 面临。look out upon 朝向, 俯视。look ov
48、er 从.上面看 , 察看, 检查, 原谅。调查,从上面看过去。look round 环顾, 观光, 察看。观光,仔细察看。look round for 到处寻找。look round the corner 瞻前顾后 考虑周密。look sb. in the eye 正视某人。look sb. in the face 直视某人。look seedy 口语气色不好, 面有病容。 显出衣衫褴褛的样子。look sharp 注意, 赶快。look small 显得渺小, 自惭形秽。look strange 作出不认识某人的样子。look the other way 故意朝另一边看。look the picture of 是.的化身。look the very picture of 是.的化身。look through 看穿, 审核, 浏览, 温习, 从.中显露。看穿,彻底审查。look through blue glasses 悲观地看事物。look through colored spectacles 通过有色眼镜看。
