1、The History of India CONTENTS OF VOL. VII. PAGE. Table of Contents Preface v Errata in Vol. VII viii LXI. Pdshh-nma, of Muhammad Amn Kazwn 1 LXII. Bdshh-nma, of Abdu-l Hamd Lhor 3 LXIII. Shh Jahn-nma, of Inyat Khn 73 LXIV. Bdshh-nma, of Muhammad Wris 121 LXV. Amal-i Slih, of Muhammad Slih Kamb 123 L
2、XVI. Shh Jahn-nma, of Muhammad Sdik Khn 133 LXVII. Majlisu-s Saltn, of Muhammad Sharf Hanaf 134 LXVIII. Trkh-i Mufazzal, of Mufazzal Khn 141 LXIX. Mir-t-i lam, Mir-t-i Jahn-num, of Bakhtwar Khn 145 LXX. Znatu-t Tawrkh, of Azzu-llah 166 LXXI. Lubbu-t Tawrkh-i Hind, of R Bhr Mal 168 LXXII. lamgr-nma,
3、of Muhammad Kzim 174 LXXIII. Ma-sir-i lamgr, of Muhammad Sk Mustaidd Khn 181 LXXIV. Futuht-i lamgr, of Muhammad Masm 198 LXXV. Trkh-i Mulk-i shm, of Shahbu-d dn Tlsh 199 LXXVI. Waki, of Niamat Khn 200 LXXVII. Jang-nma, of Niamat Khn 202 LXXVIII. Rukat-i lamgr, of the Emperor Aurangzeb 203 LXXIX. Mun
4、takhabu-l Lubb, of Khf Khn 207 LXXX. Trkh, of Irdat Khn 534 LXXXI. Trkh-i Bahdur Shh 565 LXXXII. Trkh-i Shh lam Bahdur Shh 568 LXXXIII. Ibrat-nma, of Muhammad Ksim 569 Next Contents of The History of India Next Previous Contents PREFACE. THE present Volume contains the history of the reigns of Shh-J
5、ahn, Aurangzeb, Bahdur Shh, Jahndr Shh, and Farrukh-Siyar, of the little brief authority of Rafu-d Daula and Rafu-d Darajt, and of the early years of the reign of Muhammad Shh.Several works hitherto unknown to the European reader are here brought to notice. The history of the reign of Shh Jahn is de
6、rived from the Bdshh-nma of Abdu-l Hamd and from other Bdshh-nmas and Shh-Jahn-nmas. The special works relating to the reign of Aurangzeb have been examined and the most interesting passages translated; but the history of his long rule, and of the subsequent times which appear in this Volume, has be
7、en derived from the great work of Khf Khn, a contemporary history of high and well-deserved repute. This important history is well known at second-hand. All European historians of the period which it covers have been greatly indebted, directly or indirectly, to its pages. Elphinstone and Grant Duff
8、used it, and they refer to a MS. trans-lation by “Major Gordon, of the Madras Army.” It is not known what has become of this MS. trans-lation, for the inquiries made after it have met with no success. Not a line of translation had been pro-vided by Sir H. M. Elliot; so this heavy labour has fallen u
9、pon the Editor, who has provided the 330 pages of print which the work occupies, as well as the long translation from the Bdshh-nma.Ample and very diversified matter remains for the concluding volume.The following is a list of the articles in this volume, with the names of their respective writers:L
10、XI. Pdshh-nma of Muhammad KazwnEditor. LXII. Bdshh-nma of Abdu-l HamdEditor. LXIII. Shh Jahn-nma of Inyat KhnMajor Fuller. LXIV. Bdshh-nma of Muhammad WrisEditor. LXV. Amal-i SlihEditor. LXVI. Shh Jahn-nma of Muhammad SdikEditor. LXVII. Majlisu-s SaltnSir H. M. Elliot and munshs. LXVIII. Trkh-i Mufa
11、zzalSir H. M. Elliot and munshs. LXIX. Mir-t-i lamSir H. M. Elliot and munshs. LXX. Znatu-t TawrkhSir H. M. Elliot. LXXI. Lubbu-t Tawrkh-i HindSir H. M. Elliot. LXXII. lamgr-nmaSir H. M. Elliot and Editor. LXXIII. Ma-sir-i lamgrSir H. M. Elliot and “Lt. Perkins.” LXXIV. Futuht-i lamgrSir H. M. Ellio
12、t and Editor. LXXV. Trkh-i Mulk-i shmSir H. M. Elliot and Editor. LXXVI. Waki of Niamat KhnSir H. M. Elliot and Editor. LXXVII. Jang-nma of Niamat KhnSir H. M. Elliot and Editor. LXXVIII. Rukat-i lamgrSir H. M. Elliot. LXXIX. Muntakhabu-l Lubb of Khf KhnArticle by Sir H. M. Elliotall the translation
13、 by the Editor. LXXX. Trkh of Irdat KhnCaptain Jonathan Scott. LXXXI. Trkh-i Bahdur Shh“Lieutenant Anderson.” LXXXII. Trkh-i Shh lam Bahdur ShhEditor. LXXXIII. Ibrat-nmaEditor. Next Previous Contents Next Previous Contents ERRATA IN VOL. VII.Page 31, for “1241 A.H.” read “1041 A.H.”Page 32, for “124
14、0 A.H.” read “1040 A.H.”Page 33, for “1241 A.H.” read “1041 A.H.”Page 463, for “Muhakkim Singh,” read “Mohkam Singh.” Next Previous Contents Next Previous Contents HISTORIANS OF INDIA. LXI.PDSHH-NMA.OFMUHAMMAD AMN KAZWN. THE author of this work in his preface gives it the title of Pdshh-nma, but, li
15、ke several other histories of the reign of Shh Jahn, it is often called Shh-Jahn-nma, and sometimes more specifically Trkh-i Shh-Jahn Dah-sla. The full name of the author is Muhammad Amn bin Ab-l Hasan Kazwn, but he is familiarly known as Amn Kazwn, Amn Munsh, or Mirz Amn. He was the first who recei
16、ved orders to write a history of the reign of Shh Jahn. The orders were given, as he tells us, in the eighth year of Shh Jahn, and he com-pleted this work, comprising the history of the first ten years of the reign, and dedicated it to Shh Jahn in the twentieth year of that Emperors reign.The author
17、 in his preface says that he has divided his work into an Introduction, containing on account of the Emperors life from his birth to his accession; a Discourse (makla), comprising the history of the first ten years of his reign; and an Appendix, containing notices of holy and learned men, physicians
18、 and poets. He also mentions his intention of writing a second volume, bringing down the history to the twentieth year of Shh Jahns reign. But he does not appear to have carried out his design, having probably been prevented by his appoint-ment to a busy office, for Muhammad Slih, in a short biograp
19、hy of the author, says that he was transferred to the Intelligence Department.This history of Amn Kazwn has been the model upon which most of the histories of Shh Jahn have been formed. Abdu-l Hamd, the author of the Bdshh-nma, follows its arrangement, and although he makes no acknowledgment of the
20、fact, his work comprises the same matter, and differs from it only in style.Sir H. M. Elliots MS. is a small folio of 297 pages of twenty-one lines each. It is fairly written, but all the rubrics are omitted. There is a copy in the Library of the Royal Asiatic Society, and three copies in the Britis
21、h Museum.*LXII.BDSHH-NMAOFABDU-L HAMD LHOR. THIS is a history of the first twenty years of the reign of Shh Jahn, composed by Abdu-l Hamd Lhor. Little is known of the author, but Muhammad Slih, in his Amal-i Slih (No. LXIV.), informs us that Abdu-l Hamd was celebrated for the beauty of his style, an
22、d that he died in 1065 A.H. (1654 A.D.). Abdu-l Hamd himself says in his preface, that the Emperor desired to find an author who could write the memoirs of his reign in the style of Ab-l Fazls Akbar-nma; and that he, Abdu-l Hamd, had studied and greatly admired Ab-l Fazls style. He was recommended t
23、o the Emperor for the work, and was called from Patna, where he was living in retirement, to undertake the composition. His patron was the excellent minister Allm Sadu-lla Khn.The contents of the work are: A Preface, in which the author dedicates his work to Shh Jahn. A description of the Emperors h
24、oroscope. A concise account of his ancestors, com-mencing with Tmr. A brief review of the proceedings of Shh Jahn before his accession to the throne. A detailed history of the first twenty years of the reign divided into two cycles of ten years each. The work comprises, also, an enumera-tion of the
25、princes of the blood royal; of the nobles of the Court, arranged according to their respective ranks, from those commanding 9000 to those of 500 horse; and an account of the shaikhs, learned men, physicians and poets who flourished during the period embraced by the history.The Bdshh-nma is the great
26、 authority for the reign of Shh Jahn. Muhammad Slih, a younger and rival writer, speaks of the author in the highest terms, and “Khf Khn, the author of the Muntakhabu-l Lubb, has based his history of the first twenty years of Shh Jahns reign almost entirely on this work. The greatest objection to th
27、e work is the authors style, which is of that adulterated kind introduced into India apparently by the brothers Ab-l Fazl and Faiz.”* Abdu-l Hamd was, as he himself states, a professed admirer and imitator of Ab-l Fazls style; and when he is dealing with a subject demanding his eloquence, his style
28、is as verbose, turgid and fulsome as that of his master. Happily, however, he is not always in a magniloquent vein, but narrates simple facts in simple language, blurred only by occasional outbreaks of his laboured rhetoric.The work is most voluminous, and forms two bulky volumes of the Bibliotheca
29、Indica, containing 1662 pages. It enters into most minute details of all the transactions in which the Emperor was engaged, the pensions and dignities conferred upon the various members of the royal family, the titles granted to the nobles, their changes of office, the augmentations of their mansabs
30、, and it gives lists of all the various presents given and received on public occasions, such as the vernal equinox, the royal birthday, the royal accession, etc. Thus the work contains a great amount of matter of no interest to any one but the nobles and courtiers of the time. But it would not be f
31、air to say that it is filled with these trifles; there is far too much of them: but still there is a solid substratum of historical matter, from which the history of this reign has been drawn by later writers.MSS. of the Bdshh-nma are common, and some fine copies are extant. Mr. Morley describes one
32、 belonging to the Royal Asiatic Society as “a most excellent specimen of the Oriental art of caligraphy,” and Col. Lees says: “The copy of the second part of the Bdshh-nma which has been used for this edition (Bibliotheca Indica) is the finest MS. I have ever seen. It is written by Muhammad Slih Kam
33、b, the author of the Amal-i Slih, and bears on the margin the autograph of the Emperor Shh Jahn.” The following Extracts have all been selected and translated by the Editor from the printed text.*EXTRACTS. Text, vol. i. p. 69. The Emperor Jahngr* died on the 28th Safar, A.H. 1037 (28th October, 1627
34、), at the age of fifty-eight years and one month, solar reckoning. Prince Shahriyr, from his want of capacity and intelligence, had got the nickname of N-shudan, “Good-for-nothing,” and was commonly known by that appellation. He now cast aside all honour and shame, and before Shh Jahn had started (f
35、rom the Dakhin), he re-pudiated his allegiance, and went off in hot haste to Lahore to advance his own interests. Nr Mahal, who had been the cause of much strife and contention, now clung to the vain idea of retaining the reins of government in her grasp, as she had held them during the reign of the
36、 late Emperor. She wrote to N-shudan, advising him to collect as many men as he could, and hasten to her.Yamnu-d daula saf Khn and Irdat Khn, who always acted together, determined that, as Shh Jahn was far away from gra, it was necessary to take some steps to prevent disturbances in the city, and to
37、 get possession of the princes Muhammad Dr Shukoh, Muhammad Shh Shuj, and Muhammad Aurangzeb, who were in the female apartments with Nr Mahal. They therefore resolved that for some few days they would raise to the throne Bulk, the son of Khusr, who, by Nr Mahals contrivance, had been placed with N-s
38、hudan, but who had been put under the charge of Irdat Khn by Jahngr when N-shudan returned to Lahore from Kashmr.* * So they placed Bulk on horseback, and, with a party of men in whom they had full confidence, they commenced their march, taking care to keep one day ahead of Nr Mahal. * * As the youn
39、g princes were not safe with Nr Mahal, they removed her from the royal palace, and took the young princes under their own charge; but when Bulk had been raised to the throne, they were placed in charge of Sdik Khn.Accession of Shh Jahn. Text, vol. i. p. 82. Shh Jahn ascended the throne at gra on the
40、 18th Jumda-s sn, 1037 A.H. (6th Feb. 1628), with the title of Ab-l Muzaffar Shahbu-d dn Muhammad Shib Kirn-i sn.Rebellion of Jajhr Singh. Text, vol. i. p. 238. Jajhr Singh was son of Rj Nar Singh Deo Bundela, who rose into notice by killing Shaikh Ab-l Fazl, the celebrated author of the Akbar-nma,
41、when Jahngr was heir apparent. * In obedience to orders from the Emperor Akbar, the Shaikh was hastening to Court from the Dakhin with a small escort. Jahngr was jealous of the Shaikhs de-votion to his father, and was apprehensive that his arrival would interfere with his own plans. * * So he incite
42、d Nar Singh Deo to kill him as he passed through his territory. This evil-minded man, from lust of gold, placed a large force of horse and foot in ambush, and fell upon the Shaikh. The followers of the Shaikh advised him to fly and escape, but he refused, and fell in the year 1011 A.H. (1602 A.D.).
43、After the accession of Jahngr to the throne, Nar Singh Deo rose into favour and distinction through this wicked deed. But his evil nature was unable to bear his prosperity, and towards the end of the reign of Jahngr he became disaffected, and oppressed all the zamndrs in his neighbourhood. * * He di
44、ed three or four months before Jahngr, and was succeeded by his son Jajhr Singh. The wealth and property which Nar Singh Deo had amassed without labour and without trouble unsettled the mind of his worthless successor Jajhr, and at the accession of Shh Jahn, * * he left the capital gra, and proceede
45、d to ndcha, his stronghold, where he set about raising forces, strengthening the forts, pro-viding munitions of war and closing the roads. A force was accordingly sent against him, under the command of Mahbat Khn Khn-khnn. The Imperial forces converged upon ndcha, and Jajhr Singh, having no hope of
46、escape, waited upon Khn-khnn and made his submission. Just at this time intelligence arrived that Abdu-lla Khn had taken the fortress of rich,* which had been in the possession of Jajhr Singh.SECOND YEAR OF THE REIGN, 1038 A.H. (20TH DECEMBER,1628 A.D.). Text, vol. i. p. 272. The anniversary of the
47、accession was on the 1st of Jumda-s sn. After the death of Jahngr, and before the accession of Shh Jahn, Khn-Jahn Lod entered upon a dangerous and disloyal course. * * He formed an alliance with Nizmu-l Mulk, and gave up to him the Blght in the Dakhin,* the revenue of which amounted to fifty-five kr
48、ors of dms. But Sipahdr Khn, who held Ahmadnagar, bravely and loyally refused to surrender that city. Khn-Jahn summoned to his presence all the Imperial servants who were in those parts. He left a small force at Burhnpr under the command of Sikandar Dotn, who was related to him, while he himself marched with a large force to Mnd, with the intention
