1、Mary - 1 -Unit 1 Never Give In, Never, Never, Never1. Why does the author urge people to be patient?He understood that the war is long and tough. It was not to end in months but in years. He told people that however long the war lasted; the final victory belonged to Britain. But at the same time, he
2、 made it clear that not everyone has an opportunity to take action. They had yet to wait and persevere.2. What is the change in the widespread mood referred to in Paragraph5?For one thing, many other nations thought that Britain was finished. As the country stood in the gap, those nations changed th
3、eir view. For another, people now started to see the hope of the final victory as long as they persevere to the end.3. Why does the author change “darker” into “sterner”?Because he has a strong conviction of victory. The two terms have different implications. When used to refer to the days of war, d
4、arker emphasizes the dark side of the event and shows the users pessimism. Sterner, though identical in its reference, suggests the bright side and shows the users optimism.Unit 2 Space Invader1. Why does the writer tell his experience at the bank?Because the author wants to show the significance of
5、 personal space in maintaining public order. If everyone invades into others personal space, it would cause chaos in public order.2. How is the concept of personal space defined?He defines it as ones individual sphere with the self at the center and certain distance on each side. It is part of ones
6、privacy, the invasion of which necessarily makes one uneasy.3. What is meant by “this tendency” in Paragraph4? What did the author think caused this tendency?This tendency refers to the phenomenon exemplified in the previous part the escalation of the invasion of personal space. He attributed the te
7、ndency to the population explosion, then to the hot weather and the stimulation of caffeine and later he concludes that self- absorption is the real cause.4. What is the characteristic of personal space as described in Paragraph5?Personal space is a relative concept. It varies from people to people,
8、 from country to country, from region to region, i.e. different people are given different concepts of personal space.Mary - 2 -5. Why is personal space shrinking in general?Because people are more self-absorbed than ever before. In other words, they are paying less attention to the outside world, i
9、ncluding personal space, than before. The fact that people care less about their personal space in effect encourages space invasion.Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet1. What is the authors viewpoint about the benefit of the Internet? What does he see about its negative side?As the author sees it, th
10、e Internet is likely to make our global village a better place to live in. it helps to realize human potentials. It is a powerful tool for the acquisition and application of knowledge. But it may deprive the user of his time so that the world may be further fragmented. It gives the user a skewed sen
11、se of reality.2. What happened to the authors friend as regards the Internet? What negative consequences did he see about it?Addicted to the Internet and without any face-to-face verbal communication with other people, he felt lonely and depressed.3. What alienated society members before the Interne
12、t gained popularity? What alienates them in the information age?Automobile ownership. The Internet.4. What is meant by the “cruel irony” that appears in Paragraph4?The Internet provides the user with a convenient means of communication and making friend. But on the other hand, it estranges the user
13、from people around him by canceling his availability for the face-to-face communication even with his families and friends.5. How, according to the author, can the potential of the Internet be realized?It can be realized when the users strike a balance between the reality and the Internet. The only
14、way to avoid being addicted is to make moderate use of this tool without losing ones sense of place in the real world.Unit 4 A View of Mountains1. Why is a view of mountains provided by a picture so significant that it was chosen as the title of the essay?Because it reminded us of the city that was
15、leveled/destroyed to the ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there.Mary - 3 -2. Why are Yamahatas pictures still news?Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing fifty years ago.3. In what way(s) is the b
16、ombing of Nagasaki the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger?The bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril of two reasons. First, it is the evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy the human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki was not the orig
17、inal target city indicates the unexpectability of the nuclear attacks in future.4. What is the universal meaning of Yamahata photos?They were intended to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear weapons.5. Do Yamahatas pictures fully express the authors intention of writing? Why or why not?No, h
18、is pictures only express part of his intension because he intends not only to express his apprehension, but to call on the people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weapons from the earth.Unit 5 The Tapestry of Friendship1. What did the woman think of the movie Girlfriend?She thought it was a
19、 trivial movie with dull plot. At the same time she found it gentle and affecting as it described in detail the characteristics of the friendship between two women.2. Why did the woman say that the movie camera had shifted its focus?Because in the past, men were exclusive images for friendship in mo
20、vies, while woman had little genuine friendship nowadays, female friendship was becoming a fashionable theme of movies to take the place of male friendship.3. What, according to the woman, is the subtle distinction between the male and the female friendship?The male friendship is established on the
21、need of co-operation in the activities that men are engaged in or in the adversity they are confronted with. In other words, without the need to do things together, there would probably be no buddies at all. In contrast, the female friendship borders on love, the need for mutual emotional support, w
22、omen friends desire to be together as a result of spiritual attachment regardless of whether they are involved in the same act or not.4. What does it show that men and woman establish their own friendship Mary - 4 -following different courses?Men become buddies only when they have undergone together
23、 competitive, adverse or dangerous situations like sports games and wars, but women are not real friends unless they have shared loathsome secrets. Male friendship is activity-oriented, while the female one is emotion-rooted.5. What is the example in Paragraph 13 intended to do?It is intended to ill
24、ustrate that female friends exchange their confidences.6. Why was the woman shocked at mens description of friendship?Because what men described was nothing of the kind of friendship at all to the women. As she saw it, when two women see each other once a year, they can not count as best friends. Bu
25、t in such situations, men still describe them as bosom friends.Unit 6 A French Fourth1. Why does the writer hang the American flag on July 4 though he knows it attracts little attention in Paris?For one thing, the flag-hanging is the only thing he could do in Paris to celebrate the Independence Day,
26、 which is part of his national heritage. For another, he intends to use it as a special occasion for teaching his children about the American history and as a reminder of their native American identity.2. Why do the children seldom mix language up?Because they have acquired French through school ins
27、tructions/education and English through their family life with English-speaking parents.3. What does the writer think is the benefit of raising children in a foreign culture?The benefits include acquiring a foreign language and culture and avoiding being exposed to the problems of the native culture
28、s.4. What are the difficulties in raising children in a foreign culture?It is difficult to make the children understand and identify the virtues of their native culture without living in it. Family instructions are not effective and have to be completed by other means, such as reentering the native
29、culture and taking them to historical places. 5. Why does the issue of raising children in a foreign culture present itself to the author time and again?Because he grew up in a foreign culture, he knows it is quite an issue to know how to raise Mary - 5 -children in a foreign culture without losing
30、their native identity, he knows the issue involves the efforts on the part of the parents.6. What impact does globalization have upon the growth of children in a foreign culture?Globalization is like a double-edged sword to the growth of children in a foreign culture. On the one hand, it helps to re
31、duce differences between the foreign culture and native one, and facilitates physical and spiritual reentry into the native culture. On the other hand, it unfortunately makes it more different for children to be fully immersed in the foreign culture.Unit 7 The Selling of the President1. What is impl
32、ied by the word “selling” in the title?Presidential candidates are somewhat like commodities: the better advertised they are on TV, the better they sell.2. Why did the quoted campaign specialist say the candidate needed to “keep his mouth shut” for the success in the election?According to paragraph
33、1, since the 1896 campaign, the election of President has been determined largely by the ability of information specialists to generate favorable publicity. That publicity is closely related to issues and print, instead of images. Therefore, at that time, the candidates neednt make speeches on TV or
34、 radio to attract the voters; they can “keep his mouth shut”3. Which part of the text tells us that Nixon ran for the presidency for the first time? How did he lose the election? In paragraph 2, we know that Nixon lost to Kennedy when he ran for the presidency for the first time, and it was because
35、of his poor showing on TV. 4. When do TV commercials work most effectively?According to paragraph 3, television commercials seem to work best in close elections or in those where there is a large undecided vote.5. Was the physical appearance the most important thing for the candidates in the electio
36、n before the 1960s? Why or why not? No. Before the 1960s, what is most important in the election is the issues and print. Whether a candidate can attract the voters or not depends on his will and policy to solve the issues. After that, because of the importance of TV influence, physical appearance i
37、s more and more important. 6. What did Jimmy Carters election illustrate?Mary - 6 -According to the author, Jimmy Carters victory in the election proves the new trend that image is more important than platforms. He was devoted to winning the trust of the electorate with his favorable image and trust
38、ful words, while the electorate knew little about his policies. 7. Why did Reagan constantly refer to John Wayne in his election campaign?John Wayne was a distinguished Hollywood star. He was viewed as one of the “last great Americans”. Reagan constantly mentioned him to imply to the electorate that
39、 he was different from Carter and like John Wayne; he could be a great American too. 8. What is implied by “todays burning issue is tomorrows historical footnote”?It means that what is of great importance will become a trifle tomorrow. By this, the author implies that issues should not be regarded a
40、s a top factor in the campaigns. It is the person not issue that deserves more attention. Unit 8 The Monster1. In what way was Wagner physically odd?He was very short, with a head too big for his body and he had skin trouble.2. Why did he always take himself as the center of his conversations?He was
41、 full of conceit. He believed himself to be one of the greatest dramatists, thinkers and composers. A man of such arrogance cant help but taking himself as the center of conversations.3. How would he respond to disagreement?If anyone showed slight disagreement on any trivial point, he would make a l
42、ength speech for hours to prove himself to be right until the person was dazed and deafened and agreed with him in the end.4. What emotional features did he possess?He was emotionally unstable like a six-year-old child. He was quite moody, sometimes extremely happy, and sometimes pessimistic enough
43、to think of committing suicide. Both kindness and heartlessness are shown in his behavior on different occasions.5. How does the author justify Wagners arrogance and extravagance?The author says he was one of the worlds greatest dramatists, thinkers and musical geniuses. His arrogance and large sum
44、of debts resulting from his extravagance are all justifiable owing to his great achievements in music and drama.Mary - 7 -6. In what sense may Wagner be said to be a monster?The tremendous creative power within him pushed him to make great achievements in music and drama in his life, and his poor br
45、ain and body could have burst because of the torment of it. It was a miracle that he survived and accomplished immortal works. Therefore, we say Wagner was a monster instead of a human being.Unit 9 The Discus Thrower1. Does the doctor feel guilty of spying on his patient? Why or why not?No, he doesn
46、t. Instead, he feels the activity justifiable. For one thing, he thinks the activity is well-intended, i.e. he wants to collect more evidence in order to give the patient more effective treatment. For another, his activity is not spying in the true sense, for the act is far from furtive.2. How would
47、 you account for the possessions in Room 542?The fact that there are no get-well cards, no small private caches of food and day-old flowers shows that he has been abandoned by his family and friends. 3. Why dose the patient ask for shoes time and again?As a blind man, he is restrained in activity. N
48、ow without legs he is completely confined to bed. Like a caged bird, he longs for freedom and dreams of going back to his career.4. Why dose the patient throw his plate?This is the way he expresses his wrath with the unfair fate. He is deprived of sight and now his leg. Deserted by society, he is le
49、ft with very little. Indignant as he is, he can avenge himself upon nobody. What he can do is only to crash his plate against the wall to vent his anger and despair. Moreover, he would rather die than linger in agony. The discus throwing strengthens his resolve. The sound of the scrambled eggs dropping to the floor brings him the hope of being liberate in the other world. 5. What kind of laughter does the patient give?It is a unique laughter. It comes both from the pleasure after revenging by crashing the plate and from the hope to start himself from his agony by means of
