1、1. arrogant a. 傲慢的说到“傲慢的”，还有一个常见的形容词 haughty，大家可以结合起来记。His arrogant tone drives me mad.他那傲慢的口气真让我抓狂。 2. ascend v. 上升；攀登表示攀登的词还有climb，它们二者的区别如下： ascend 正式用词，多指不用手攀一直上升到很高的地方。 climb 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指运用手足之力攀登上升，也可用于指抽象事物。The balloon ascends to the sky soon.气球很快升到了高空。3. ascribe v. 归因于表示“把归于” 意思的还有 attribute
2、，这两个词的细微区别在于 ascribe 指根据推论或猜想把归于某人或某物，含有较多的主观臆断成分。 attribute 指处于相信而把归于某人或某物，客观性更强。He is always ascribing his failure to bad luck.他总是将自己的失败归结于运气太差。4. aspiration n. 抱负；渴望；志向这个词是由 aspire 加后缀 tion 组成,含 ambition、intention、goal 、target 等意思。 Whats your aspiration in the next five years?未来的五年里你有何志向吗？5. assa
3、ult n. 发送 dispatch a representative/ message 派遣代表/ 发送信息 dispatch rider 骑摩托车或骑马的通信员 dispatch list 调度表 dispatch money 速遣费 dispatch room 发货室 A messenger was dispatched to take the news to the soldiers at the front.一名通讯员被派去给前线士兵送消息。1. disperse v. 分散，消散，驱散 disperse my attention 分散我的注意力词义辨析：scatter, dispe
4、rse, spread, diffusescatter: 指人或物向四处散开，或把物随意撒开。 disperse: 多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散。spread: 指一直延伸、蔓延，侧重遍及。diffuse: 指光线、声音或气味等在空中传送或散布，强调覆盖面积与物质分布相对密度之间的关系。The wind dispersed the fog.风驱散了雾。2. disposition n. 性情同义词：temperamentThe child had a placid disposition.这个孩子性情温和。3. distort v. 歪曲 The reporter distorted the f
5、acts.记者们歪曲了事实。 You have distorted my motives.你曲解了我的动机。4. divert v. 转移, 使转向 divert from 转移 divert via 经由某路转递 A loud noise diverted my attention from the work.噪音让我的注意力从工作上转移。5. dizzy a. 头晕的 feel dizzy 发晕 The room was so hot that she felt dizzy.房间里如此之热,以至于她觉得头晕目眩。 The airplane climbed to a dizzy height
6、.飞机爬到令人头晕目眩的高度。6. donate v. 捐献 Have you donated blood?你献血了吗？We donate to the school endowment fund every year.我们每年向学校的捐赠基金捐款。7. doom v./ n. 注定; 劫数词义辨析：doom, destiny, fate, lot, luck, fortunedoom: 指最终的，常常是灾难性或毁灭性的命运，隐含不可避免的意味。destiny: 普通用词，侧重预先注定的命运，对未来命运的美好憧憬。fate: 较庄严用词，多指不幸的命运，暗示不可避免，令人畏惧和人的意志无法改变
7、，宿命论色彩较浓。lot: 多指偶然的运气或终身遭受的不幸命运。luck: 普通日常用词，指好的或坏的运气，尤多指好运气，有时也指成功或愉快的结局。fortune: 普通用词，指由机会或运气来决定的一种命运，如暗示一种比fate 好的运气或一种愉快的未来 He is doomed to failure.他注定失败。8. drastic a. 严厉的 drastic measures 严厉措施 drastic slump 市价暴落 drastic reduction 深度还原 A drastic reformation of the present housing system has been
8、 carried out.目前的住房制度正在彻底改革。9. drawback n. 缺点同义词：disadvantagedrawback lock 内开锁 drawback desk 存票台 drawback system 退税制度 The only drawback of the plan is that it costs too much.这个计划的唯一缺憾是花费太大。One of the drawbacks of living in the XIASHA is inconvenience in daily life.在下沙生活的缺点之一就是日常生活的不方便。10. duplicate v
9、. /n. 复制 (品)词义辨析：duplicate, copy, model, reproduction, facsimileduplicate: 常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。copy: 普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。 model: 可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。reproduction: 指按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。facsimile: 含义与 copy 大体相同，但较文雅。make a duplicate of the letter 复印这封信 She seemed almost to be apart fr
10、om herself-vacuous duplicate only.她似乎几乎与她自身都分离开了-仅仅剩下一个空虚的躯壳。1. dwell on v. 总是想；详述 Dont dwell on the past.别总想着过去。 Stop dwelling on your problems and do something about them!别老唠叨你的那些问题，还是做些实际工作解决它们吧！2. elevate v. 提高；抬升词义辨析：elevate, lift, hoist, raise, heave, boost elevate 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德
11、等的提高。 lift 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。 hoist 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。 raise 较正式用词，常可与 lift 换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。 heave 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。 boost 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。An elevator can elevate to the top floor very soon.电梯很快可以升到顶层。3. elicit v. 诱出；引出elicit the truth from the witness 从证人那里诱供出真相 It w
12、as designed to elicit the best thinking within the government.机构的设置是为了在政府内部集思广益。4. eligible a. 合适的，有资格的同义词：qualifieJohn is an eligible/qualified bachelor.约翰是一名合格的学士。 eligible 和 illegible 形近，illegible意为“难读的 ”、 “难辨认的” ，illegible handwriting 难认的字体 5.elite n. 精英 elite market 富裕的市场 elite seed 优良种子 the el
13、ite of society 社会名流,名士 Nor did every member of the intellectual elite who graced the board that evening go down in history.光临那顿晚餐的各位名流也没有在历史上留下名字。6. eloquent a. 雄辩的同义词：facile, fluent, silver, silver-tongued, smooth-spokenMartin Luther King was an eloquent speaker.马丁路德金是一位雄辩的演说家。He is a soul-stirring
14、, eloquent preacher.他可是个振奋人心，能说会道的讲道人。7. energetic a. 精力充沛的词义辨析：energetic, vigorous, active, brisk, lively energetic 指精力充沛、奋力从事某事业。 vigorous 指不仅表现积极、有生气，而且固有精力和活力十分旺盛。 active 指有活动能力，强调与消极或休止相反的积极活动状态。 brisk 指动作敏捷、充满活力、轻快活泼地从事某项工作或活动。 lively 侧重指轻快，机智，有生气。For all his years, he was none the less active
15、 and energetic.他虽年事已高,但仍生气勃勃 ,精力旺盛。8. epidemic n./a. 流行病; 流行性的 Sars, the birds flu 等都是流行病 Daily, hundreds fell a sacrifice to the terrible epidemic.每天都有几百人染上这种可怕的传染病而牺牲。9. erupt v. 喷发 A volcano erupts 火山喷发 The audience erupted with laughter.观众爆笑。10. essence n. 实质; 精华 the essence of his theory 他的理论的本
16、质 in essence 本质上, 根本上 The essence of language is communication.语言的本质是沟通。 1. eternal a. 永久的同义词：perpetual、permanent、foreverGod is willing to snatch your soul from eternal damnation.上帝是愿意把你的灵魂从永恒的地狱中打救出来的。2. evoke v. 唤起，引起同义词： elicitevoke module 订制模块 He could evoke her face at will.他随便什么时候都能回想起她的模样来。Th
17、e song evoked a feeling of love in the listeners.这首歌唤起听众爱的感觉。3. expedition n. 远征（队） ；考察（队）fishing expedition 审前盘问(或调查).He learned a lot during his scientific expedition.他在科学考察期间学到了不少东西。4. expel v. 开除，驱逐 解释为驱逐时=dismissexpel the trouble-making student 开除违纪学生 解释为排出时=emitexpel the smoke in the kitchen 厨
18、房排烟 He could not expel from his mind the persuasion that he should see Marianne no more.他无法从脑子里驱走这一想法：他再也见不到玛丽安了。5. expire v. 期满 expire date 截止日期 life-expired 过时的, 已废弃的 time-expired 满期的 Your passport expires in a month.你的护照一个月到期。6. expertise n. 专门知识 expertise report 鉴定书 management expertise 管理才干 tec
19、hnical expertise 技术专门人才 The centre is itself an example of such expertise.该中心本身就是这种专门技能的一个实例。7. explicit a. 明确的 His statement is explicit, not implicit.他陈述很明确，没有隐瞒。He must underline and make heavily explicit.他一定要刻意雕琢，力求明白。 8. extravagant a. 奢侈的；过度的 The decoration has reached an extravagant degree of
20、 elaboration.那装潢已精致到了奢华的地步。He attempts to woo her in a characteristically extravagant manner.他尝试过用挥金如土的阔绰方式去取悦于她。9. fabricate v. 捏造=make up/fakeThe story was fabricated and completely untrue.这故事是捏造的，一点不真实。The mans statement is fabricated.这个男人的话是假的。10. facilitate a. 使便利 The multi-languages signs faci
21、litate the tourists.多语标示让旅客更便利。 Friendly contacts between different people facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。1. fascinate v. 迷住词义辨析：fascinate, attract, charm, enchant, tempt fascinate: 通常含使人无法拒绝、无法摆脱的意味 attract: 普通用词，指客观上吸引人的注意力 charm: 侧重迷住某人或使之高兴 enchant: 着重指有能力引起被
22、迷住者的欢乐或赞美 tempt: 指吸引力很强，强调欲望被唤醒 Im fascinated by the beauty of Lijiang and Dali.我被丽江和大理的美景迷住了。2.feeble a. 虚弱的=weak/faintfeeble current 弱电流 feeble minded adj. 意志薄弱的 His feeble arm dropped powerlessly down.他那软弱的胳臂没力气地放了下来。3.flaw n. 缺陷 I cant find a flaw ,the painting is perfect!我找不到任何缺陷，这幅画太完美了！It was
23、 a large diamond, but it had a flaw.这是颗大钻石 , 但它有一点瑕疵。4. fluctuate v. 波动fluctuate between hopes and fears 徘徊于希望与失望之间，忽喜忽忧 The actual cost may fluctuate above and below that standard.实际成本可在标准成本的上下范围内增减。5.formulate v. 构想 formulate criteria 订出标准 He thought its time to formulate some plan of action.他认为这是
24、该筹划什么行动计划的时候了。6.foster v. 领养，培养=develop/nurture/cultivate/foster a child 领养孩子 Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities.经常的文化交流肯定有助于发展我们两校之间的友好关系。7.fragile a. 易碎的;脆弱的词义辨析：fragile, brittle, frail fragile: 除指易碎外，还指人身体虚弱，动辄就得病 brittle: 指没有弹性或伸
25、缩性的脆性材料，暗示受压或被扭曲时易碎 frail: 多指人体虚弱，也指某物不耐用，易碎易损 Kino had wondered often at the iron in his patient, fragile wife.他这个耐心，纤弱的妻子竟会有钢铁般的意志，这常使基诺感到惊奇。8. furious a. 暴怒的 be furious at 对 . 大发雷霆 furious rabies 狂暴性狂犬病 The police commissioner is furious because the suspect hasnt been found.警务处长大发雷霆，因为嫌疑犯尚未找到。9.g
26、lamour n. 魅力 The glamour of old town, such as Lijiang, Dali.如丽江、大理这样的古城的魅力 The superficial glamour soon goes.浮光掠影的魅力，很快就会消失。10.glitter v. 闪光=sparkleAll that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光者并非都是金子。1. gloomy a. 忧郁的；阴暗的 It seemed to bear out Hemingways own gloomy maxim about America.这似乎印证了海明威自己在评论美国时的那句悲观的名
27、言。Predictions for June 5 were gloomy.六月五号的气象预报是阴天。2. gossip n./ v. 流言；说长道短 She is a big gossip.她真是个八卦夫人。At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.此时此刻她无心闲聊。3.grief n. 悲伤=sorrowGrief has blunted her senses.悲伤使她变得迟钝麻木了。All mourning garments were laid aside, together with grief.丧服随着悲哀一起消失了。4. hamper
28、 v. 妨碍=hinder 词义辨析：hamper, hinder, block, bar, obstruct, prevent hamper: 侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。 hinder: 语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。 block: 语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。 bar: 含义与 block 很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。 obstruct: 正式用词，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。prevent: 含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。Rescue work
29、was hampered by the heavy rain.大雨阻碍了救援工作。5. handicap n./v. 缺陷，残疾；妨碍 He survived the accident, but has a handicap now.他在意外事故中虽然幸存下来，但却残疾了。His physical handicap prevented him from standing.因为他身体残废，无法站立。6.haul v. (用力) 拖；（用车）托运词义辨析：haul, drag, draw, pull, tug, tow, jerk haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。 drag:
30、指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉过来。 draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。 pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。 tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。 tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。 jerk: 指快而突然地拉。haul down ones flag/colors 偃旗息鼓，投降 They netted a good haul of fish.他们捕了满满一网鱼。 7.haunt v.
31、 萦绕于心 haunt about 经常出没于 A spirit haunts the castle.幽灵常出没于古堡。He was haunted by the terrible scene.恐惧的一幕常常萦绕在他的脑海。8. hinder v. 阻碍 No difficulties can hinder me.任何困难都阻碍不了我。Downhearted thoughts hinder progress.消沉的思想妨碍进步。9. hoist v. 升起，吊起词义辨析：hoist, lift, raise, elevate, heave, boosthoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物
32、升起。lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。raise: 较正式用词，常可与 lift 换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。By using a hoist the movers were able to sling the piano to the third floor.搬运工人用吊车才把钢琴吊到三楼。10. homogeneous a. 同质
33、的 Japan has a largely homogeneous population.日本的人口基本上同属一个种族。1. hospitality n. 好客 cordial hospitality 盛情接待 I received the hospitality of the family.我受到这家人亲切的款待。2. immerse v. 沉浸于 She immersed herself in English.她让自己沉浸于英语的世界中。 3. implicit a. 内含的；含蓄的 Her attitude was implicit in the answer she gave us.她
34、在给我们的答复中态度是含蓄的。 4. impulse n. 冲动 She bought the dress on impulse.她一时冲动买了这件衣服。5. incidence a. 发生率 Each incidence of truancy will impact the citizenship credit.每发生逃学事件都会影响公民的信用。6. indignant a. 愤怒的词义辨析：indignant, angry, mad indignant: 侧重愤怒是有充分理由和正当的。 angry: 侧重以愤怒的表情、激烈的言辞或威胁的目光等来表达感情。 mad: 多用于非正式文体和讲话中
35、，与 angry 意义相近。People are indignant by their shooting of innocent civilians.对于他们枪杀无辜平民，人们感到义愤填膺。7. infectious a. 传染的词义辨析：infectious, contagiousinfectious: 修饰的是“间接传染的病” ，指病菌通过空气、食物、水、衣服、容器等物的传染。contagious: 修饰的是“ 直接传染的病”，一般指跟病人直接接触而感染的病。Tuberculosis is an infectious disease.肺结核是一种传染病。 8. ingenious a. (
36、人) 灵巧的；（设计等）巧妙的 ingenious handicraftsman 灵巧的手工艺人 By dint of this ingenious scheme, his gloves were got on.靠这种巧妙的方法，他那副手套终于戴上了。9. inherent a. 固有的 the inherent defects of planned-economy 计划经济固有的缺陷 It suffers from an inherent and irreparable weakness.它有着固有的，无法弥补的弱点。10. initiate v. 开始；发起 initiate a new
37、plan 开始新计划 The company initiated a management training program for small businesses.该公司发起了针对小企业的管理培训方案。1. integral a. 构成整体所必须的；不可缺的 Rice is an integral part of Chinese diet.米饭是中餐中不可或缺的一部分。This world view has become an integral part of our culture.这一世界观已经成为我们文化的一个组成部分。2. intelligible a. 明白易懂的 The boo
38、k is intelligible to anyone.这本书任何人都看得懂。To make a countrys history intelligible, the historian naturally seeks for some point of unity.历史学家为了把一个国家的历史写得清晰明了，他自然要去找寻某种统一的东西。3. intensify v. 加剧 The noise intensified.噪音更大了。If the international situation continued to intensify, the attack plan called for e
39、xecution in December.假若国际局势继续恶化，攻击计划应该在十二月执行。4. intermittent a. 断断续续 intermittent failure 间歇失效，间发故障 the intermittent rain showers 时断时续地下着雨 The air is filled with angry shouts, the intermittent siren.空气中充满着人们愤怒的吼声，断断续续的警报声。5. intimidate v. 恐吓词义辨析：intimidate, alarm, frighten, startle, terrify, scare,
40、intimidate: 特指恐吓某人，迫使其做某事 alarm: 着重指某人意识到危险而突然产生的惊恐 frighten: 普通用词，使用广泛，指产生突然、短暂的惊慌、恐怖感 startle: 强调突然使人惊骇或震惊 terrify: 语气最强，指惊骇得六神无主，魂飞魄散 scare: 指非正式文体中可与 frighten 换用，但语气较重，侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在干的事或跑掉 Nobody was going to intimidate them.没有人能胁迫他们。6. intricate a. 错综复杂的词义辨析：intricate, complex, complicated, soph
41、isticated, intricate: 着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解 complex: 侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用 complicated: 与 complex 的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释 sophisticated: 侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂The steps were very intricate and their faces were intent and concentrated.舞步错综复杂，脸色全神贯注。7. intrinsic a. 固有的 intrinsic value 内在价值 These
42、 difficulties are intrinsic to such a situation 这是这种情势下固然会有的困难。8. intuition n. 直觉 Your intuition is your sixth sense.你的直觉就是你的第六感。9. invalid a. 无效的 an invalid license 作废的执照 Unless a check is signed, it is invalid.支票除非签了名，否则是无效的。10. invariably ad. 不变地；始终 My heart invariably cleaved to the masters, in
43、preference to Catherines side.我的心情愿毫不更变地永远依附在主人身上，而不是在凯瑟琳那边。A man who moralizes is usually a hypocrite, and a woman who moralizes is invariably plain.说教的男人通常是个伪善者，而说教的女人则必定是丑女。1. irritate v. 使恼怒=annoyHis letter irritated me a little.他的信使我有点恼怒。2. jeopardize v. 危及=endangerYou jeopardize your job by be
44、ing late often.总是迟到危及到你的工作。Soldiers jeopardize their lives in war.士兵们在战争中使他们的生命陷入险境。 3. junk n. 废物 junk food 垃圾食品词义辨析：junk, waste, garbage, rubbish, litter, debris, junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾 waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西 garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用 rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用
45、过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用 litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物 debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品 Junk is anything that has outlived its usefulness.破烂货，是一些比它本身的用处还活久了的东西。4. kidnap v. 绑架 Police have uncovered a plot to kidnap the Presidents son.警方已侦破一起绑架总统之子的阴谋。5. legend n. 传奇 According to the old legen
46、d, Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。The little girl is very interested in the old legend of immortal creatures.小女孩对有关永生的精灵的古老传奇非常感兴趣。6. legitimate a. 合法的=legal/lawfulHe is the legitimate heir to the property.他是这宗财产的合法继承人。Im not sure that his business is strictly legitimate.我说不好他的
47、生意是否全部合法。7. liability n. 责任=legal obligation；不利条件=drawbackHe admitted his liability for the accident.他承认自己对这起事故应负责任。Lack of education was a liability in getting a job.缺少教育对找工作不利。 8. literacy n. 读写能力 I cant believe that he failed the literacy test.我无法相信他识字测试不及格。 9. literally ad. 逐字地; 确实地 Dont read th
48、e report literally now, just skim through it.现在，不要逐字读报告，大致地看一下就可以了。Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years.关于它的实质的种种推测，确实已进行了数千年之久。10. litter v. 乱扔 No littering!别乱扔垃圾！1. magnify v. 放大，扩大magnify the photo 放大照片 This lens can magnify 20 diameter.这个透镜能放大 20 倍。2.
49、 manifest v. 显示，表明 The illness manifests itself with a high fever.此病症状为高烧。His generosity manifests itself in times of difficulties.他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。3.marginal a. 微小的词义辨析：marginal, minor, negligible, minimal marginal: 指处于边缘，幅度、范围小，故价值或重要性不大。 minor: 多指与别的比较后显得不重要，或指较少、较小。 negligible: 指数量小，不重要，微不足道或可忽略不计。 minimal: 指最少、最低或最小。He owns a small, marginal business.他经营一个收益不大的小生意。4. masculine a. 男性的 He was handsome and strong, and very masculine.他英俊强壮，富有男子汉气概。5. mediate v. 调解 He mediat
