1、莎士比亚的第 18 首十四行诗的英文赏析我能否将你比作夏天？ 你比夏天更美丽温婉。 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残， 夏日的勾留何其短暂。 休恋那丽日当空， 转眼会云雾迷蒙。 休叹那百花飘零， 催折于无常的天命。 唯有你永恒的夏日常新， 你的美貌亦毫发无损。 死神也无缘将你幽禁， 你在我永恒的诗中长存。 只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇， 这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。 这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量。其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。Sonnet 18, often alternately titled Shall I comp
2、are thee to a summers day?, is one of the best-known of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. Part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609), it is the first of the cycle after th
3、e opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets. Most scholars now agree that the original subject of the poem, the beloved to whom the poet is writing, is a male, though the poem is commonly used to describe a woman.In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and
4、argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem. Scholars have found parallels within the poem to Ovids Tristia and Amores, both of which have love themes. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form, havin
5、g 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. Detailed exegeses have revealed several double meanings within the poem, giving it a greater depth of interpretation.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the c
6、haracteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.5 It also contains a volta, or shift in the poems subject matter, beginn
7、ing with the third quatrain.A facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a line of adoration to the beloved“Shall I compare thee to a summers day?“ The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both “more lovely and more temperate“ than a summers day.
8、The speaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short“summers lease hath all too short a date“and sometimes the sun shines too hot“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.“ However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of
9、 a summers day. By putting his loves beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.“ The hope is that the two lovers can live on, if not through childr
10、en, then through the poems brought forth by their love which, unlike children, will not fadeA major feature of this poem - analogy. Begins with the first sentence, put “you“ and “Summer“ as a analogy, compare the second line of the initial determination: Are you more lovely than the summer, more gen
11、tle. The difference is due to produce its in-depth analysis of 3 to 14 lines. Specifically, the first line of 3.4.5.6.7.8 enumerated the “summer“ all kinds of regrets, and 9.10.11.12.13.14 line tells the “you“ all kinds of advantages compared to the natural draw a final conclusion: “You“ is far bett
12、er than “Summer,“ “you“ because in his poetry between the lines but also has a life, and time forever. Also noteworthy is the verse 13 and 14 are also, by analogy emphasized the “eternal nature.“Throughout the poem, the poet freely to the “you“ talk, it seems that “you“ is a living person, to listen
13、 to his voice, understanding his thinking. So this poem can be said to be people in the application of techniques based on the written. The poem “You“ refers to an object, academia, there are two explanations, one view is that it refers to beauty, and the other that it refers to poetry to express th
14、e good things. Now most scholars prefer the latter.One of the best known of Shakespeares sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poets feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest f
15、or the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youths beauty.On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified
16、 as the “eye of heaven“ with its “gold complexion“; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the “darling buds of May“ giving way to the “eternal summer“, which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is comparatively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with allitera
17、tion or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause-almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause. Initially, the poet poses a question”Shall I compare thee to a summers day?”and then reflects on it, remarking that the youths beauty far surpasses summers d
18、elights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind” and “buds.” In the fourth line, legal terminology” summers lease”is introduced in contrast to the commonplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poets use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,” “all too short,” and “too ho
19、t”; these phrases emphasize the young mans beauty. Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeares sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight linesthat
20、all nature is subject to imperfection is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.” Although beauty naturally declines at some point”And every fair from fair sometime declines”the youths beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of natures steady progression. Even dea
21、th is impotent against the youths beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines” the poets verses or the youths hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothi
22、ng threatens the young mans beautiful appearance. Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The “procreation“ sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speakers realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his b
23、eauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, “in my rhyme.“ Sonnet 18, then, is the first “rhyme“-the speakers first attempt to preserve the young mans beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the
24、 power of the speakers poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloveds “eternal summer“ shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,“ the speaker writes in the couplet, “So
25、long lives this, and this gives life to thee.“大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。这首诗一开始，便用了夏天、五月的花苞和太阳，这些时间空间里最美好的事物，来和好友相比，认为它们都有一定的局限，不及好友。从总的方面相较，好友比夏天更可爱更温和；具体地说，夏季的花-五月的花苞易被狂风吹落，夏日的太阳过分炽热，又常被遮暗。在比较中，进而指出一切美的事物，随着时光的流转、自然的变化，终难避免凋落。你虽胜过鲜花与夏阳，但是你那俊美的仪容仍有销蚀之虞。怎么办呢？诗是永恒的，只有把你写入我的诗中，你才会在这不朽的艺术里得到永生。你那俊美的仪容不会失去，
26、你的永恒之夏也不会褪色。人们只要能呼吸、有感受，就会从诗中赏识到你的美，就连死神也不能夸说，说你在他的阴影里面走着。这首诗善作比拟，且结构严谨而多层次。先以夏与好友相比，继而由夏花、夏阳之局限，带出好友的俊美仪容，这造化之功，同样会随自然而变化而流转；只有诗是不朽的，你也只有在诗里才能获得永生。诗人将自己的心上人比作夏日的一天，又指出夏天其实没有那么完美，夏天不光完美，还有狂风、骄阳和阴暗；诗人接着又说任何美丽都会时过境迁，而只要这些诗篇流传，她就永远活在人们心间。莎士比亚体的十四行诗为五音步抑扬格, 也就是在一个诗行中有 10 个音节, 每两个音节是一个音步, 共有五个音步。每个音步里的两个
