1、四级真题阅读长难句分析1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Scott Hahn says。high-quality sustainablefind 为 says 的宾语。which 引导的非限制性定语从句 which uses all-organic cott
2、on 修饰的是 Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory 为 Scott Hahn 的同位语。【译文】Scott Hahn 与 Gregory 同为使用全有机棉的 Rogan 和 Loomstate 公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are
3、 used to,” he says. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Most designersare finding。there arentused to 为省略了 that 的宾语从句。that 引导的定语从句 that can just replace修饰 fabrics。what 引导的两个宾语从句 what youre doing 和 what your customers are used to 作 replace 的宾语。【译文】他说， “大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。 ”3. Last year th
4、e influential trade show Designers 第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰 materials。【译文】房屋建造者们现在可以使用不破坏空气、水或土壤的材料，如释放少量有机物的涂料。60. Were giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 Were giving people high-quality,
5、 healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。【译文】我们提供高质量和健康的产品，提供做选择的机会，他们可以选择对世界有益的产品。61. When we designed Americas first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone. (2006 年 6月)【分析
6、】本句为复合句。主句为 we felt very alone。when 引导时间状语从句。【译文】二十年前，在纽约设计美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼时，我们感到势单力薄。62. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为
7、简单句。句子主干为 buildings revealed problems。过去分词短语 constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 作后置定语，修饰 buildings；caused by materials 作后置定语，修饰 problems。注意，过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。【译文】20 世纪 70 年代能源危机后建造的节能型封闭性商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙纸和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。63. So for 20 years, weve been focusing on these materials down to the mo
8、lecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 weve been focusing on these materials。looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet 是现在分词短语作目的状语。【译文】因此，二十年来，我们集中研究这些材料，直至分子层面，以寻求方法使它们于人体和地球无害。64. “As sleep-deprived people ourselves,
9、we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea. (2006 年6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为“As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking
10、 of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua。介词 as 意为“作为，当作” ，后接名词作状语。what to do about it 作 of 的宾语。a recent college graduate andResearch Laboratories 是 Eric Shashoua 的同位语； a company created by the students to develop their idea 是 Axon Sleep Research Laboratories 的同位语。过去分词短语 created by the students t
11、o develop their idea 作后置定语，修饰 company。【译文】 “我们自己作为失眠的人，开始思考做些什么来消除失眠， ” Eric Shashoua 说。Eric 为应届大学毕业生，现任由学生们为发展自己的理念而创办的一家公司即 Axon 睡眠研究实验室的首席执行官。65. The headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the same way as some machines u
12、sed for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】 本句为并列句。句子主干为 The headband measures the electrical activity and communicates with a clock unit。过去分词短语 equipped with electrodes and microprocessor 作定语，修饰 headband。in much the same waypurp
13、oses 是方式状语。used forpurposes 是后置定语，修饰 machines。【译文】 装有电极和微处理器的头带与应用于医学和研究目的的一些机器原理相近，测量佩戴者脑部电流活动并将信息通过无线网络传达给床边的闹钟。66. Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic(长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for
14、 talent. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 Interest has soared。过去分词 enhanced 作定语，修饰 Interest，表示被动。that 引导定语从句，修饰 shortages。【译文】近几年来，由于长时间的人员紧缺，许多公司都跨出国界寻求人才，从而使得人们到海外寻求工作的热情和兴趣日益高涨。67. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and
15、 the nature of the underlying soil. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句是简单句。句子主干为 Variables included。并列结构 the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use 和 the nature of the underlying soil 是 included 的宾语。【译文】变数包括土地的坡度、人行道所能支撑的承受力、道路使用密集度以及下方土地的性质。68. Long-span, segm
16、ented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nations physical challenges. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 Bridges and tunnels met challenges。long
17、-span, segmented-concrete 和 cable-stayed 是三个并列的合成形容词作 bridges 的定语。such as 和 like 表示举例说明。【译文】跨度大、混凝土分割、电缆遍布的大桥，如路易斯安那州的黑尔伯格，佛罗里达州的阳光大道；还有著名的隧道，如马里兰州的福特马克亨利，华盛顿州的贝克山，这些建筑的建设都遇到了许多国内自然条件的挑战。69. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the
18、 growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为 Not only has the highway system affected the economy, it has led to the growth。not onlybut also 句型属并列结构，意为“不仅而且” ，but also 可以省略。 not only 在句首，句子谓语要用部分倒装语序。【译文】公路系统不但通过提供运输路线影
19、响美国经济的发展，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。70. An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】 本句为简单句。句子主干为 mother has abilities and faces choices。on the other hand 是插入结构，分隔了主语和谓语，意为“另一方面” 。【译文】从另一方
20、面来讲，一位受过教育的母亲，有更多在外赚钱的本事，并且能面对一系列完全不同的选择。71. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 results have surprised psychologists。to be presentedin April 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 results。【译文】他的研
21、究结果令一些心理学家非常吃惊，他将在四月份奥地利维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上为大家展现。72. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 economics provides guideposts。介词短语 with its emphasis on incentives 是 econo
22、mics 的伴随状语，分隔了主句的主语和谓语。that 引导定语从句，修饰 guideposts。why 引导宾语从句，作 explanation for 的宾语。【译文】因为本身强调激励作用，经济学对于大多数女孩被剥夺受教育权利的原因作出了解释。73. Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work still need to be done by someone. (2006 年
23、12 月)【分析】 本句为复合句。句子主干为 jobs need to be done。 that 引导定语从句，修饰 jobs。 ranging fromtovoluntary work 是现在分词短语作定语，也修饰 jobs。【译文】许多过去主要由妇女做的家务活，例如购物、准备晚饭、做义务家务，现在仍然需要有人完成。74. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. (2006 年 12 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 water was called the champagne and considered the best。 for more than a century 是时间状语。【译文】实际上一个多世纪以来，纽约的市政水一直被称为自来水中的香槟，而且直到现在也被认为是世界上味道最好、最纯净的水。75.
