1、周童瑜英语易筋经:语法十二式之被动语态秘诀南京大学 周童瑜 著作者:周童瑜,84 年生,南京大学硕士,中国第一位英语学习青春偶像。03 年以 aiqingniao 之名出任南京大学 BBS 英语版版主,凭才貌双全创新思维引发数千人在线跟帖。04 年 6 月大学英语六级考试结束不到两个小时,全国率先发布六级考试参考答案,为清华、北大、人大、复旦大学 BBS 等转载,后证实正确率高达 99%,震撼一时。06 年 5 月凭借大学英语四六级考试易筋经秘诀 (见搜狐四六级专区)走红网络,有“英语王子”之称。主动语态就像是“男人” ,被动语态则像是“女人” ,研究男人让人头疼,因为男人“要哭的时候都不哭”
2、 ,城府太深。女人虽然“三十六计” ,但女人却是伟大的情绪动物,所以研究女人,研究被动语态真的不算太难。周童瑜“察言观色” ,将“被动语态”这个女人研究地十分透彻。请看“被动语态”女人的招数:一、主动语态“变性”被动语态1. 先找出谓语动词; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。二、被动语态“基本招式”:1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been +
3、及物动词的过去分词4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词三、被动语态“三十六计”:1. 不及物的动词或者词组无被动语态,常见有如下词汇:appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break ou
4、t, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等等。同时,周童瑜提请您特别注意:不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, wish, cost, watch,agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fal
5、l, last(延长),cost(花费) break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发),hold(容纳),lack(缺乏) ,agree with(同意).等等。宾语为反身代词,相互代词及虚词 it 时,不用被动,只用主动。2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如: His book sells well. The radio needs repairing. 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive 等。2)blame, let(出租),
6、 remain, keep, rent, build,如:The house is to let.3) 在 need, require, want, worth (表语), deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式。 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式,主动语态中不带 to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上 to 如:make/see sb do sthsb+ be +made/seen to do sth 等等,周童瑜提醒您记忆其他此类词汇:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, observe, notice, watch 4. 如果是接双宾
7、语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。如:He bought me a book.A book was bought for me.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:Zhou tongyu listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by Zhou tongyu every day.6 let 的用法:1)当 let 后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带 to 的不定式。They let the th
8、ief go The thief was let go. 2) 若 let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allow 或 permit 代替。The teacher let me go home to have dinner. I was allowed / permitted to go home to have dinner.7 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己), have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。8 主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动时使用形式替代词 it.如:We know that Britain
9、 is an island country.Its known that Britain is an island country.9 be+done 可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中,done 可以带 by 短语,而系表结构中done 相当于 adj. 不带 by 短语。如:The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态)。许多 verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做 adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有 by
10、,通常是被动语态。如: The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态)。【周童瑜再传】:It is said that据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信 It is hoped that大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that大家认为 It is suggested that据建议 It is taken granted that被视为当然 It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that务必记住的是 It is generally accepted that人们公认的是It is universally known that全球共知的是最后,如上看来, “被动语态”的复杂不过如此,女人的厉害亦不过如此。所以大可不必害怕。周童瑜教你英语,你要好好学习,然后用它来泡泡“被动语态”这个小妞。