1、- 1 -SAT 写作论证工具箱写作工具箱下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。对于文章中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，我并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇
2、的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now.经常有学生说：不知道背诵什么好。现在，背诵下面的文章错不了，至少对 SAT 的写作来说有立竿见影的效果！可别再找借口了哦！- 2 -目 录1. Section one: Education-51.1 Proverbs -51.2 Damaging Research-51.3 Education and Citizenship -51.4 The Teachers Role-61.5 Education Philosophy -71.6 Student Life -71.7 Adult Educa
3、tion -81.8 Moral Relativism in American -81.9 Schools Should Teach Values -101.10 College Pressures-111.11 To Err Is Wrong -151.11.1 Playing It Safe -161.11.2 Different Logic -161.11.3 Errors as Stepping Stones -171.11.4 Negative Feedback-171.11.5 Trying New Things -181.11.6 Natures Errors -191.11.7
4、 Summary-191.12 The Practicality of the Liberal Arts Major -191.13 The Liberal Arts Degree Is Marketable-201.13.1 Skills acquired with a Liberal Arts Background Are Most Desired by Employers -211.13.2 Liberal Arts Majors Can Enhance Their Credentials-211.14 The Vast Emptiness at the Core of Todays L
5、iberal Arts Education -221.15 Education as Philosophy-231.16 What True Education Should Do -231.17 The Future of Universities -241.18 Teaching and Learning: Strategies for the 21st Century -251.19 Universities changing to meet the needs of the 21st Century-261.20 Education and Training-281.21 Knowle
6、dge and Wisdom -292. Section Two: Science and Technology-322.1 Computer in Education-322.2 Computer Make the Workplace Less Friendly -322.3 Solar Energy -342.4 Micro machines -352.5 Social Responsible in Science and Arts -352.6 Environmental Stress-362.7 High Technology and Employment-372.8 The Effe
7、cts of Technology-38- 3 -2.9 Technology and Social Change-392.10 The Quest for Energy-402.11 Technology in Everyday Life-412.12 Science, Technology and Society: The Case of Medical Technology -422.13 The Impact of Technology-432.14 Scientific Institutions -432.15 The Norms of Science-452.16 Technolo
8、gy in Modern Societies-472.17 Galileo and the Inquisition-482.18 Technology and People-493. Section Three: Ideas -513.1 Critical Thinking -513.1.1 Be willing to say “I dont know” -513.1.2 Define your terms-513.1.3 Practice tolerance -523.1.4 Understand before criticizing -523.1.5 Watch for hot spots
9、-523.1.6 Consider the source-533.1.7 Seek out alternative views-533.1.8 Ask questions-533.1.9 Look for at least three answers -543.1.10 Be willing to change your mind-543.1.11 Lay your cards on the table -543.1.12 Examine the problem from different points of view -543.1.13 Write about it-553.1.14 Co
10、nstruct a reasonable view-553.2 The Function of Critical Thinking -553.3 Critical Thinking as Thorough Thinking -563.4 Creative people -563.5 The Lowest Animal-583.6 Decision by Consensus -594. Section Four: Mass Media -624.1 Propaganda Techniques in Todays Advertising -624.2 TV Addiction -655. Sect
11、ion Five: Society -675.1 The Function of Art-675.2 Intercultural Prejudices-685.3 Culture Shock-695.4 Groups-705.5 Authority-705.6 The No-Status Society -715.7 Conformity-715.8 Debating Moral Questions-725.9 Art as Nonverbal Communication -73- 4 -5.10 Turtle Island-746. Section Six: Politics-766.1 P
12、roverbs -766.2 What Makes a Leader? -776.3 What Derails Fast-Track Executives? -796.4 A Leader -806.5 Watergate-80- 5 -1. Section one: Education1.1 Proverbs1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individ
13、uality is the key to success.2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make ones mind a pleasant place in which to spend ones time.3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.4. The classroom-not
14、 the trench-is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.5. Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.7. You see, real ongoi
15、ng, lifelong education doesnt answer questions; it provokes them.8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.9. the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the bas
16、ic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and s
17、pirit he or she possesses.11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.12. If you can read and don, you are an illiterate by choice.1.2 Damaging Research A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the ave
18、rage American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-i
19、mages.1.3 Education and CitizenshipAn important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and prepa
20、ring new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help - 6 -shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, Amer
21、ican schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social prob
22、lems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controve
23、rsies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to comp
24、ete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their childrens education.Som
25、e reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian se
