1、Chapter1 Introduction to social work and social welfareWhat is Social work?Social work is the professional activity of help individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal. Social work practice consi
2、sts of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: Helping people obtain tangible services, Providing counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families and groups, Helping communities or groups provide or improve social a
3、nd health services, participating in relevant legislative processes.Five themes:Social work concerns helping individuals, groups, or communities.Social work entails a solid foundation of values and principles.A firm basis of techniques and skills provides directions.Social works need to link people
4、to recourses or advocate for service development for clients. Social workers participate legislative process to promote positive social changes.What is social welfare?Social welfare is a nations system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, educational, and
5、 health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society.Two Dimensions:What people get from society (programs, benefits and services?)How well their needs (social, economic, educational, and health) are being metHow are social welfare and social work related?Debates on social welfare:Indivi
6、dual responsibility: you get you deserveSociety responsibilityWho should assume responsibility for peoples social welfare?Residual, institutional, and developmental perspectives on social welfare.1. Residual ModelSocial welfare benefit and service should be supplied only when people fail to provide
7、adequately for themselves.Blame the victim (fault and failure)For instance: social assistanceFamilies in need receive limited and temporary financial assistance until they can get back on their feet.2. Institutional modelPeople have a right to get benefit and service.For instance: public education,
8、fire and police protectionEveryone can get these services.3. Developmental modelThis approach seeks to identify social interventions that have a positive impact on economic development.(1) Invest in education, nutrition and health care(2) Invest in physical facilities(3)Help people in need engage in
9、 productive employment and self-employment.Political ideology: conservatives, liberalism and radicalism Conservatism is the philosophy that individuals are responsible for themselves, government should provide minimal interference in peoples lives, and change is generally unnecessary.Liberalism is t
10、he philosophy that government should be involved in the social, political and economic structure so that all peoples rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice. Radicalism is the philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly
11、providing social justice. The fundamental changes are necessary in the basic social and political structure to achieve truly fair and equal treatment.Fields of practice in social work Work with people in needs (children, youth, old people, the disable etc.) Work with some occupationThe continuum of
12、social work careers Degree in social workBSW: prepare for the entry-level social workMSW: receive more specialized trainingDSW: teach at the college level or conduct researchSocial work builds on many disciplinesPsychology sociology political science economicsBiology psychiatry council cultural anth
13、ropology social workSocial workers demonstrate competenciesCompetencies are measurable practice behaviors that are comprised of sufficient knowledge, skills, and values“ and have the goal of practicing effective social work.Competency 1: identification as a professional social workerCompetency 2: th
14、e application of social work ethical principles to guide practiceCompetency 3: the application of critical thinking to inform professional judgmentsCompetency 4: engagement of diversity in practiceCompetency 5: the advancement of human rights and social economic justice.Competency 6: engagement in r
15、esearch-informed practice Evidence-based practiceCompetency7: application of knowledge of human behavior and the social environmentCompetency8: engagement in policy proactive to advance social and economic well-beingCompetency 9: responsiveness to contexts that shape practiceCompetency 10:engagement
16、, assessment, intervention, and evaluation with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.Chapter 2 social work values and ethics1. Value and ethics _Social worker is value-based profession.What is value? Value involves what you do and do not consider important and worthwhile, an
17、d also involve judgments and decisions about relative worth.What is Ethics? Ethics involve principles that specify what is good and what is bad. They clarify what should and should not be done Difference between value and ethics:Value determine what beliefs are appropriate. Ethics address what to do
18、 with or how to apply those beliefs to do the right thing.2. Value and ethics for social workersSix core values for social workers:(1) Service (2) Social justice(3) Dignity and worth of the person(4) Importance of human relationships(5) Integrity(6) CompetenceSocial workers ethical responsibilities
19、to clients:Self-determinationPractitioners should nurture and support client self-extermination ：Each individuals right to make his or her own decisions.(2)Privacy and confidentiality(3) Conflict of interest and Dual relationshipsThe clients best interests must be protected to the maximum extent pos
20、sible.(4) Sexual relationshipSocial workers Ethical responsibilities to colleagues(1) Respect (2) Referral for servicesSocial Workers Ethical responsibilities in Practice settingsSocial workers ethical responsibilities as professionalsCompetence against discrimination honest not solicit clients for
21、the purpose of personal gainsSocial workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession.Integrity Research EvaluationSocial workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society(1) Advocate for peoples welfare(2) Ensure fair and equal access to resources and opportunities.(3) Respect cu
22、ltural diversity.(4) Prevent discrimination against or exploiting peopleChapter 3 Empowerment and Human DiversityStereotype Women are too emotional to make good supervisors Elderly people cant think well. Gay and lesbian people really want to be opposite gender. People with physical disabilities are
23、 unemployable.Discrimination, oppression, marginalization, alienation, stereotypes, and prejudice Discrimination is the act of treating people differently based on the fact that they belong to some group rather than on merit. Oppression involves putting extreme limitations and constraints on some pe
24、rson, group, or larger system. Marginalization is the condition of having less power and being viewed as less important than others in the society because of belonging to some group or having some characteristic. Alienation, related to marginalization, is the feeling that you dont fit in or arent tr
25、eated as well as others in the mainstream of society. A stereotype is a fixed mental picture of member of some specified group based on some attribute or attributes that reflect an overly simplified view of that group, without consideration or appreciation of individual differences. Prejudice is an
26、opinion or prejudgment about an individual, group, or issue that is not based on fact. A major social work value involves the importance of people being treated fairly and equally.Populations-at-risk and social economic justice Diversity emphasizes the similarity and dissimilarity between numerous g
27、roups in society that have distinguishing characteristics. Populations-at-risk are people at greater risk of deprivation and unfair treatment because they share some identifiable characteristic that places them in diverse group. Factors: gender, age, religion, culture, disability, class, immigration
28、 statusSocial and economic justiceEmpowerment and a Strengths perspectiveEmpowerment is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations. A strengths perspective:1. Every individual, group, family and community
29、 has strengths.2. Trauma and abuse, illness and struggle may be injurious but they may also be sources of challenge and opportunity.3. Social workers should assume that they do not know the upper limits of the capacity to grow and change and take individual, group, and community aspirations seriousl
30、y.4. Social workers best serve clients by collaborating with when.5. Every environment is full of resources. Resiliency: seeking strength amid adversityThe ability of an individual, family, group, community, or organization to recover from adversity and resume functioning even when suffering serious
31、 trouble, confusion, or hardship.Resiliency involves two dimensions: risk factors and protective factors.Risk factors involve stressful life events or adverse environmental conditions that increase the vulnerability of individuals or other systems.Protective factors involve buffer, moderate, and pro
32、tect against those vulnerabilities.Human Diversity Race and EthnicityRace implies a greater genetic determinant, whereas ethnicity often relates to cultural or national heritage. Culture and cultural competenceCulture is the sum total of life patterns passed on from generation to generation within a
33、 group of people and includes institutions, language, religious ideals, habits of thinking, and patterns of social and interpersonal relationships.Social workers need to have cultural competence to address the cultural needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities. National Origin and immi
34、gration statusFour experiences which newcomer faced:Social isolation Cultural shock Cultural change Goal-striving class or social class political ideology gender, gender identity, and gender expression Sexual orientationHomosexual or heterosexual (bisexual)Age Disability Religion and spiritualityCha
35、pter 4: Generalist practiceConcepts in the definition of generalist practice1. Acquiring an eclectic knowledge baseA. systems theory B. ecological perspectiveC. Curriculum content areas1) Values and ethics 2) Diversity 3) populations-at-risk and social and economic justice 4) Human behavior and the
36、social environment 5) Social welfare policy and services 6) Social work practice 7) Research 8) Field educationD. Fields of practice2. Emphasizing client empowerment3. Using professional valuesA. social works code of ethics B. application of professional values to solve ethical dilemma4. Applying a
37、wide range of skillsA. micro B. mezzo C. macro5. Targeting any size systemA. micro B. mezzo C. Marco 6. Working in an organizational structure7. Using supervision appropriately8. Assuming a wide range of professional roles9. Following the principles of evidence-based practice10. Employing critical t
38、hinking skills11. Using a planned-change processA. engagement B. assessment C. planning D. implementation E. evaluation F. termination G. follow-upWorking in an organizational structure under supervision What is organizational structure?Organizational structure is the formal or informal manner in wh
39、ich tasks and responsibilities, lines of authority, channels of communication, and dimensions of power are established and coordinated within an organization. What is supervision?Supervision is the process by which a designated supervisor watches over a workers performance.A wide range of rolesCouns
40、elor educator broker case manager mobilize mediator facilitator Advocate supervisors managers3 skills (technical, people and conceptual)Evidence-based practiceEvidence-based practice is a process in which practitioners make practice decisions in light of the best research evidence available.Tools, m
41、odels, methods and policies must be validated by research and consequence evaluation also should use scientific research methodsCritical thinking skillsAvoiding the fallacy trap1. Relying on case examples 2. being vague3. Being biased or not objective4. Believing that if its written down it must be
42、rightasking questions assessing fact asserting a conclusion Planned-change process Planned change and problem-solvingStep1 engagement Step2 assessment Step3 planning Step4 implementationStep5 evaluation Step6 termination Engagement: social workers begin to establish communication and a relationship
43、with others and orient themselves to the problems. skillsVerbal communication and nonverbal communication (cultural variations)Conveying warmth, empathy, and genuinenessAlleviating initial client anxiety and introducing the workers purpose and role Assessment: gather and analyze information to provi
44、de a concise picture of the client and his or her needs and strengths. skillsLooking beyond individual and examine other factors in their environmentFinding strengthsPaying attention human diversity Planning: what should be done?Alternatives and consequences implementation: following the plans to ac
45、hieve the goals Evaluation: determine whether a given change effort was worthwhile. termination: the end of the professional social work-client relationship types:Natural, forced, and unplanned skillsAppropriate timingChapter 5: Practice SettingSetting in Social Work Practice: Organizations and Comm
46、unities Organizations are entities made up of people that have rules and structure to achieve specified goals. Social services in the context of social agencies.Social services include the wide range of activities that social workers perform to help people solve problems and improve their personal w
47、ell-being.A social agency is an organization providing social services that typically employs social workers in addition to office staff, and sometimes volunteers.Forms:Public or private;Nonprofit or proprietary (for profit) Social work practice in the context of communitiesA community is “a number
48、of people who have something in summon with one another that connects them in some way and that distinguishes them from others.Some mutual characteristic, such as “location, interest, identification, culture, and activities“Types:Locality-based community; Non geographic communityThe special circumst
49、ances of social work practice in rural communities.Low population densitySocial problems faced by rural residents:poverty, lack of transportation, inadequate child care, unemployment, substandard housing, and insufficient health care and so on.Four special issues for rural social workers:(1)true gene lists(work with different level case systems and use a wide of skills)(2) Interagency cooperation.(3) The importance of understanding the community, knowing its values and developing relationships with
