1、 定语从句用法归纳 作者:学科网 提供人:张鋆良 阅读:950 评论:3 时间:2005-10-21 15:09:33 定语从句由关系代词 who、 whom、whose 、which、what、as 和关系副词where、when、 why 等引导，但须记住： 1.what 不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词有 who、whose 、whom、that. 试分析： The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist. Miss Wang is taking ca
2、re of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing . The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注： A 指人时有时只用 who 不宜用 that。 1先行词为 one、ones 或 anyone （1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one wh
3、o studies hard and works hard. （2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2先行词为 these 时 These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 3在 there be 开头的句子中 There is a student who wants to see you. 4一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 The student that won the fir
4、st prize is the monitor who works hards. 5在非限制性定语从句中 A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan. B主句以 who 开头的句子中,只用 that,不用 who。 二指物的关系代词有 which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析： 1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun. 2. The desks (which/that) we made last year
5、were very good. 3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用 whom、 which 不能用 who或 that. (1). The girl a
6、bout whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming. B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。 Is this the book which she is looking for? The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li. The child who/whom she is l
7、ooking after is Wang Pings son. C 指物时，下列情况下只能用 that ，不宜用 which。 （1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one 等。 We are willing to do anything that is good to the people. I have told them all (that) I know. All that can be done has been done. （2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。 The first
8、 book that I read last night was an English novel. （3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. This is the best that can be done now. （4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物) ，定语从句的关系代词用 which 和 who 都不合适，只能用 that。 We know nothing about the doctors and the hosp
9、itals that you are talking about. There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill. （5）如果先行词被 the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、 one of、 just 修饰时。 This is the only book that can be lent to you. （6）当主句是以 which 开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用 that。 Which is the dictionary that he used
10、yesterday ? D只物时，下列情况下只能用 which，不宜用 that。 （1）关系代词放在介词之后 This is the factory in which we once worked. （2）非限制性定语从句中 This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun. （3）that， Those 作主语时 Those which are on the desk are English books. E先行词前有 such、the same、 as 时, 关系代词用 as，不用 that, 但 the sameas表示同样的, the same
11、that表示同一的 He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays. 三比较 When/which、 where /which、why. which I still never forget. This is the day when I joined the party. which he spent reading the books. where I found the book. which makes machines. This
12、is the place which we once visited. which I will never forget.which I am looking for. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。 （没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。 ） 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去
13、掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。 ） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。 ） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词 that 可以代替 who、whom(指人) 、which(指物 ) 关系代词不用 that,只用 who、whom( 指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词 as 和 which 先研究下面两个例句： 1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everyb
14、ody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。 2.Tom didnt pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom 物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。 这两个例句中，as 和 which 所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：1 在形式上 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
15、 2 在意义上， as 引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如” ， “就像” ，而 which 引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或 which 引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which 可代替 as，而 as 许多时候不能代替 which，如句2。再如： 1He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。 2 The street hasnt been clear
16、ed for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。 （不用 as） 3The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。 （不 用 as） 4He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。 （不用 as） 5As has already been pointe
17、d out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在 suchas、the sameas、 as、 as many/much as等结构中,as 不能用 which 代替。如： 1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。=Books such as this are =Books like this are 2.I live in the same building as he (does)
18、. 我和他住再同一座大楼里。 3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。 4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。 “One of the +复数名词” 后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况 这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如： 1 That is one of the books that are required for study at school. 2 This is
19、 one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990. 3 She is one of the few persons who know Spanish . 4 This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties, 如果 one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有 the only、the very 之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如： 1.He is
20、 the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰 the only one) He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰 the teachers) 2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰 the only one) This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰 rooms) as 与 which 引导的定语从句
21、 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用 as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与 such 或 the same 连用时，一般用 as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用 as，反之则用 which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. 4. as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known，be said，be reported 等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which 作主语。 She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
