1、1现在完成时的用法1.定义：现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你(已经) 吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和
2、 since 等表示一段时间的状语。 .He has taught here since 1981 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教). I havet seen her for four years. (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过” ，常带有 twice,ever,never,three times 等时间状语。 I have been to Beijing twice. 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three
3、years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“ 等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -
4、I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just,before,up to now,the past few years 等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在” 在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,te
5、rm) 等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？ (2)现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到
6、延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或 be on open be open join be in 或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a co
7、ld) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork 2.He has been a soldier for three years. .His father has been dead for two years. .The film has been on for ten minutes. .We have studied English for three years. 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产
8、生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到) I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明) 5.几点注意事项 (1)have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：have been(to) 表示“ 去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)” ，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once ,never,several times
9、等连用，后者则不能。 .They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 .He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 (2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有 since 一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 现在完成时练习题一、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗
10、？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在 1992 年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了。11.我认识他们五年了。 12.他们已去了美国五年了。13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 14.他们已经结婚 10 年。15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 16.这会已开了多长时间了？17.这门已经关了两天了。 18.我入团 2 年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I
11、 _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.19.自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。 20.我来到农场已 5 年了。二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) hi
12、s homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.39. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ y
13、ou ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”三、用 since 和 for 填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago9. _
14、 we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四、短暂性动词转换为
15、延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here
16、last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _
17、dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up； die be dead； leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep； finish/end be over；marry be married；1) I g
18、ot up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.4He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _s
19、ince _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last w
20、eek.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party
21、/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _
22、 _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book5六、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Wh
23、ere _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He
24、 _ there only once.七、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I
25、_ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter?八、综合
26、练习:I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ l
27、eft.”II. 翻译下列句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？ 2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。 4. “你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我从来没到过那里。”III. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Ma
28、ry_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the n
29、ovel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.III句型转换：1. He has already gone home.He _ _ home _. (否定句)_ he _ home _? ( 疑问句)2. He has lunch at home.He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑问句)63. He has been the
30、re twice._ _ _ _ he been there? (划线提问)4. I have had lunch at school. _ _ you _ lunch. (划线提问)不 规 则 动 词 表（ 1） AAA 型 （ 动 词 原 形 、 过 去 式 、 过 去 分 词 同 形 ）cost（ 花 费 ） cost cost shut shut shutcut（ 割 ） cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英 )hit（ 打 ） hit hit hurt 伤 害 ） hurt hurt let（ 让 ） let let put（ 放 ） put put
31、read （ 读 ） read read (2) AAB 型 （ 动 词 原 形 与 过 去 式 同 形 ）beat（ 跳 动 ） beat beaten(3) ABA 型 （ 动 词 原 形 与 过 去 分 词 同 形 ）become（ 变 成 ） became become awake awoke awokencome（ 来 ） came come run（ 跑 ） ran run(4)ABB 型 （ 过 去 式 与 过 去 分 词 同 形 ）dig（ 挖 ） dug dug build built builtget（ 得 到 ） got got/gotten catch caught c
32、aughthang（ 吊 死 ） hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（ 悬 挂 ） hung hung feed fed fed hold（ 抓 住 ） held held find found foundshine（ 照 耀 ） shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbiddensit（ 坐 ） sat sat pay paid paidwin （ 赢 ） won won send sent sentmeet（ 遇 见 ） met met shoot shot shot keep （ 保持 ） kept kept tell
33、 told toldsleep（ 睡 ） slept slept win won wonsweep（ 扫 ） swept swept feel（ 感 觉 ） felt feltsmell（ 闻 ） smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled leave（ 离 开 ） left left build（ 建 设 ） built builtlend（ 借 出 ） lent lent send （ 传 送 ） sent sentspend（ 花 费 ） spent spent lose （ 丢 失 ） lost lostburn （ 燃 烧 ） burnt burnt learn（ 学
34、习 ） learnt learntmean（ 意 思 是 ） meant meant catch（ 抓 住 ） caught caughtteach（ 教 ） taught taught bring（ 带 来 ） brought broughtfight （ 战 斗 ） fought fought buy（ 买 ） bought boughtthink（ 想 ） thought thought hear （ 听 见 ） heard heardsell（ 卖 ） sold sold tell（ 告 诉 ） told toldsay（ 说 ） said said find（ 找 到 ） found
35、 foundhave/has（ 有 ） had had make（ 制 造 ） made madestand（ 站 ） stood stood understand 明 白 understood understood(5) ABC 型 （ 动 词 原 形 、 过 去 式 与 过 去 分 词 三 者 不 同 形 ）begin（ 开 始 ） began begun take（ 取 ） took takendrink（ 喝 ） drank drunk mistake（ 弄 错 ） mistook mistakenring（ 铃 响 ） rang rung ride（ 骑 ） rode ridden
36、sing （ 唱 ） sang sung do（ 做 ） did done 7swim（ 游 泳 ） swam swum write（ 写 ） wrote writtenblow（ 吹 ） blew blown go（ 去 ） went gonedraw （ 画 ） drew drawn lie（ 平 躺 ） lay lain fly（ 飞 ） flew flown see（ 看 见 ） saw seengrow（ 生 长 ） grew grown wear （ 穿 ） wore wornknow（ 知 道 ） knew known be ( am, is, are )（ 是 ）was, we
37、re been throw（ 投 掷 ） threw thrown show（ 出 示 ） showed shownbreak（ 打 破 ） broke broken choose（ 选 择 ） chose chosenforget（ 忘 记 ） forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/bornspeak（ 说 ， 讲 ） spoke spoken draw drew drawnwake（ 醒 ） woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive（ 驾 驶 ） drove driven hide hid hiddeneat（ 吃 ） ate eaten lay laid laid 放 置fall（ 落 下 ） fell fallen lie lied lied 撒 谎give（ 给 ） gave given lie lay lain 躺rise（ 升 高 ） rose risen see saw seen shake shook shaken steal stole stolen can-could may-might will-would shall-shouldmust-must
