1、岩土工程中英文词汇对照来源： 刘燚龙Jet的日志一. 综合类 1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 2.foundation engineering 基础工程 3.soil, earth 土 4.soil mechanics 土力学 cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量 5.soil dynamics 土动力学 6.stress path 应力路径 7.numerical g
2、eotechanics 数值岩土力学 二. 土的分类 1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位 3.clay minerals 粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals 次生矿物 5.landslides 滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble 卵石 10.gravel 砂石 11.gravel
3、ly sand 砾砂 12.coarse sand 粗砂 13.medium sand 中砂 14.fine sand 细砂 15.silty sand 粉土 16.clayey soil 粘性土 17.clay 粘土 18.silty clay 粉质粘土 19.silt 粉土 20.sandy silt 砂质粉土 21.clayey silt 粘质粉土 22.saturated soil 饱和土 23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土 26.normally consolidated so
4、il 正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土 28.zonal soil 区域性土 29.soft clay 软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土 31.peat 泥炭 32.loess 黄土 33.frozen soil 冻土 三. 土的基本物理力学性质 1.cc compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC
5、,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and2 8.K0 domain for effective stresses1 and2 9.K0n K
6、0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and
7、 vertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive stren
8、gth 19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.1,2 principal stresses, 1 and
9、2 denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation 饱和度 25.dry unit weight 干重度 26.moist unit weight 湿重度 27.saturated unit weight 饱和重度 28.effective unit weight 有效重度 29.density 密度 pactness 密实度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度 32.optimum water content 最优含水量 33.three phas
10、e diagram 三相图 34.tri-phase soil 三相土 35.soil fraction 粒组 36.sieve analysis 筛分 37.hydrometer analysis 比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation 级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system 土的
11、统一分类系统 43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会 44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流 1.Darcys law 达西定律 2.piping 管涌 3.flowing soil 流土 4.sand boiling 砂沸 5.flo
12、w net 流网 6.seepage 渗透（流） 7.leakage 渗流 8.seepage pressure 渗透压力 9.permeability 渗透性 10.seepage force 渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数 五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil 软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress 有效应力 4.total stress 总应力 5.field vane s
13、hear strength 十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity 低活性 7.sensitivity 灵敏度 8.triaxial test 三轴试验 9.foundation design 基础设计 10.recompaction 再压缩 11.bearing capacity 承载力 12.soil mass 土体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load 集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous 均质 17.isotropic 各
14、向同性 18.strip footing 条基 19.square spread footing 方形独立基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load 恒载 持续荷载 22.live load 活载 23.short term transient load 短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load 长期荷载 25.reduced load 折算荷载 26.settlement 沉降 27.deformation 变形 28.casing 套管 29.dike=dy
15、ke 堤（防） 30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组 31.physical properties 物理性质 32.subgrade 路基 33.well-graded soil 级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土 35.normal stresses 正应力 36.shear stresses 剪应力 37.principal plane 主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件 4
16、0.FEM=finite element method 有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数 pression index 压缩指数 47.swelling index 回弹指数 48.geostatic stress 自重应力 49.additional stress 附加应力 5
17、0.total stress 总应力 51.final settlement 最终沉降 52.slip line 滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation 开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall 挡土墙 7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布 8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法 9 well po
18、int system 井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point 深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts 支撑围护 13 braced excavation 支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板 七. 深基础-deep foundation 1.pile foundation 桩基础 1)cast in-place 灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩 bored pile 钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩
19、 piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩 4)steel pile 钢桩 steel pipe pile 钢管桩 steel sheet pile 钢板桩 5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩 2.c
20、aisson foundation 沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 截水墙 4.friction pile 摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile 端承桩 6.shaft 竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析 8.pile caps 承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力 10.lateral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力 12.static
21、load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap 低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling 静力压桩 18.uplift pile 抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩 20.pile groups 群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile gro
22、ups 群桩效率系数（ ） 22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术 24.final set 最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt 桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头） 29.pile spacing 桩距 30.pile plan 桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩
23、的布置 32.group action 群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻 35.pile cushion 桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验 38.pile shoe 桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig 打桩机 八. 地基处理-ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment o
24、f building 建筑地基处理技术规范 2.cushion 垫层法 3.preloading 预压法 4.dynamic compaction 强夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法 6.vibroflotation method 振冲法 7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩 9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 10.cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩 11.cement column 水泥桩 12.lime
25、pile (lime column)石灰桩 13.jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩 16.chemical stabilization 化学加固法 17.surface compaction 表层压实法 18.surcharge preloading 超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading 真空预压法 20.sand wick
26、袋装砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物 posite foundation 复合地基 23.reinforcement method 加筋法 24.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法 25.freezing and heating 冷热处理法 26.expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基处理 27.ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基处理 28.collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基处理 29.artificial foundation 人工地基 30.natural foundation 天然地基 31.pillow 褥垫
