1、十六 冠词语法精讲 冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。不定冠词的用法: 1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。 I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一本有趣的故事书。 2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。 A horse is useful to manki
2、nd. 马对人类有用。 3) 不定冠词用在事物的“单位”前,如价格、速度、比率的名词之前,表示 “每一“。I went to the library once a week. 我一星期去一次图书馆。 ( aan=per/each)4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 5) 用在某些表示数量的词组中:a lot of 许多 a couple 一对 a great many 很多 a dozen 一打(但也可以用 one dozen) a great deal of 大量6) 用在
3、感叹句中单数可数名词前面:What a pretty girl /girls! 多漂亮的姑娘/们! 7) 用在 Mr.Mrs.Miss+姓氏之前:a Mr. Smith 一位史密斯先生 a Mrs. /Miss Smith 一位史密斯太太/小姐a Mr. Smith 是指一位姓史密斯的先生,表示这位史密斯先生对于说话的人是陌生的。如果 Mr. Smith 前不加 a,则说明说话人认识史密斯先生或知道有这么个人。定冠词的用法。 1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。 Is this the book you are looking for? 这是你要找的书吗?
4、 2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。 I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight oclock我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。 3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。 the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the winter night The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。 4) 定冠词与单数名词连用, 表示这一类人或物。The dog is not too danger.狗不太危险。 5
5、) 定冠词与某些形容词连用, 使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。 the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf, the living The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。 6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。 He is the last one to help me. 他不会来帮助我的。 比较:This is a most interesting book. 这是一本非常有趣的书。 (不表示最)7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动, 运动场所的名称
6、前。 They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。 8) 定冠词用在江河, 海洋, 山脉, 群岛的名称之前。 The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China. 长江是中国最大的河。 9) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前, 表示一家人。 The Greens are very kind to us. 格林一家人待我们很好。 10) 注意在下列句型中定冠词的用法:1. by + the + 单位等 The workers are paid by the hour。2. the more, the mo
7、re.The harder you study English, the more progress you will make.3. 动作 + 宾语 + 介词 + the + 身体部位 A stone hit John on the head.4. He is the taller of the two brothers不用冠词的场合。 1) 街道,公园,广场,省,市,区等专有名词, 抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来柔软。 2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词, 但这些名称前加形容词时除外。Its time for breakfast. 该吃早
8、饭了。The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive. 我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。He gave us a good breakfast 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。比较:I was invited to dinner(at their house,in the ordinary way) 他们邀请我吃饭I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador3) 在季节, 月份, 星期, 节日。球类运动, 棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。 New Years Day is comi
9、ng. 新年就要到啦。 We dont like bridge very much. 我们不太喜欢桥牌。 但是,在中国传统节日前或者具体某时间的季节, 月份, 星期前则加冠词。The Spring Festival the October of 19984) 语言的名称前不用冠词。 Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗? (比较:the English language. )5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。 by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning
10、till night. Im going to Chicago by air next week. 下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。 In fact, I dont know him at all. 实际上,我一点也不认识他。 aan 和 oneA) aan 和 one(形容词)1. 计算时间、测量距离或重量等时,aan 或 one 可以用于单数的前面:l=aone pound 一英镑 1,000,000 aone million pounds 100 万英镑但是,请注意: The rent is 100 a week 房租为每星期 100 英镑。这个句子中 week 前面的 a 不能用 one 代替
11、。A shotgun is no good猎枪不行。 (这种武器不合适。 )One shotgun is no good一枝猎枪不行。 (我需要两枝或三枝。 )2. one 的特殊用法(a) one(形容词代词)与 anotherothers 对照连用:One(boy)wanted to read,anotherothers wanted to watch TV一个(男孩)想看书,另一个别的男孩们想看电视。One day he wanted his lunch early, another day he wanted it late他一天要早点吃午饭,另一天又要晚点吃午饭。(b) one 可以
12、用在 dayweekmonthyearsummerwinter 等词之前,或者用在日期或月份的名称之前,以特指某事发生的时间:One night there was a terrible storm 一天晚上有一场特大的风暴。One winter the snow fell early 有一年冬天雪下得早。(c) one day 也可用来表示 at some future date(将来有一天):One day youll be sorry you treated him so badly (这里也可用 someday。 )终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而后悔的。B. aan 和 one(代词)
13、one 是可以用来代替 aan 的相应的代词形式:-Did you get a ticket? -Yes,I managed to get one-你搞到票了吗? -是的,我设法搞到了一张。具有这种用法的 one 的复数形式是 some:-Did you get tickets? -Yes,I managed to get some-你搞到票了吗? -是的,我设法搞了几张。 语法精练 :1. Jumping out of _ airport at ten thousand feet is quiet _ exciting experience.A. /;the B. /;an C. an; a
14、n D. the; the2. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side.A. a; a B. /;a C. a;the D. /;/3. An accident happened at _ crossroads a few metres away from _ bank.A. a; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; / 4. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A. the; the B. the; /
15、C. / the D. / ; /5. -Where is Jack ?-I think he is still in _ bed, but he might be in _ bath room.A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the6. She is _ new-comer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the; the B. the; / C. a; / D. a; the7. One way to understand thousands
16、of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one8. The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small.A. /;a B. the; the C. a; the D. one; a9. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg.A. a B. one C. the D
17、. his10.I dont like talking on telephone; I prefer writing _ letters.A. the B. / C. a D. an11.Mr. Smith, theres man at _ front door who says he has _ news for you of great importance.A. the; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the12.His daughter is always shy in _ and she never dares to make a speech to _.A
18、. the public; the public B. public; the public; C. the public; public D. public; public; 13.Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny.A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the 14.Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /答案:15CCAAD 610CCCCB 1114 ABBC