1、-各类专业好文档，值得你下载，教育，管理，论文，制度，方案手册，应有尽有-第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Have you talked to her lately?A. lastlyB. finallyC. shortlyD. recently2. While we dont agree， we continue to be friends.A. WhoeverB. WhereC. AlthoughD. Whatever3. Enormous sums of money have
2、been spent on， space exploration.A. MuchB. LargeC. SmallD. Fixed4. About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer.A. every yearB. severelyC. activelyD. every month5. The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A. secretsB. detailsC. benefitsD. words6. We will ta
3、ke your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams.A. effectB. accountC. effortD. discount7. There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.A. smallB. totalC. goodD. great8. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A. showedB. suggestedC. agreedD. beli
4、eved9. Mary has blended the ingredients.A. madeB. mixedC. cookedD. eatenw.Ko8.Cc10. They agreed to modify their policy.A. clarifyB. defineC. changeD. develop11. The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A. take outB. break offC. push inD. dig up12. The economy continued to exhibit signs of de
5、cline in September.A. playB. showC. sendD. tell13. This table is strong and durable.A. long-lastingB. extensiveC. far-reachingD. eternal14. He endured great pain before he finally expired.A. firedB. resignedC. diedD. retreated15. The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A. smilingB. laughingC. sh
6、outingD. staringpage第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 16. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. According to the author，general computer users need not to know
7、 how the computer mouse was invented.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body， which looks like the tail of a mouse.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.A. Right B. WrongC. Not
8、 mentioned20. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one.A. Right B. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no movi
9、ng parts.A. Right B. WrongC. Not mentionedpage第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第26段其中4段名选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 23. Paragraph 2 _24. Paragraph 4 _25. Paragraph 5 _26. Paragraph 6 _AKeprikes Research ToolBDangers of Habitual Shortages of SleepCCrit
10、icism on Kripkes ReportDA way of Overcoming InsomniaESleep Problems of Long and Short SleepersFClassification of Sleep Problems27. To get a good nights rest，people may not need to _28. Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night
11、，unable to _30. One survey showed that people who habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.Afall asleep againBbecome more energetic the following dayCsleep less than 7 hoursDconfirm those serious consequencesEsuffer sleep problemsFsleep more than 8 hourspage第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3
12、篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 31. Backpacks are convenient becauseA. they can be very large.B. they can hold as many things as you want to carry.C. your hand sare freed to do other things.D. you do not have to carry things with you.32. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented
13、 by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?A. It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.B. It can be used as cell phones，GPS in the military actions or field studies.C. It is small and convenient.D. It is light and easy to carry.33. The word springs in Paragraph 3 meansA. a
14、small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.B. the season of the year，occurring between winter and summer. C. the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.D. a length of metal wound around，which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 34. According to Paragraph 4， what does Rome
15、 plan to do?A. To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer. B. To put the backpack on the market.C. To test the advantage of the backpack.D. To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.35. What is implied in if you do get one eventually，just make sure to took both ways before cr
16、ossing the street !?A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B. Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C. It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.D. It is wise of you to have such a backpack.36. The Hyper-X broke the record becauseA. it was the first
17、 air-breathing jet plane.B. it flew along the equator.C. it flew at speeds smaller than five times the speed of sound.D. it traveled at a supersonic speed.37. What kind of an engine did the Hyper-X use?A. A jet engine that gets oxygen from the air.B. A scramjet engine that doesnt carry its own oxyge
18、n supply.C. A rocket engine that carries its own supply of oxygen.D. A jet engine that uses no oxygen.38. What is NOT true about the scramjet engine?A. It goes slower than a rocket.B. It extracts oxygen from the air that flows through the engine.C. It works only at speeds greater than five times the
19、 speed of sound.D. It doesnt carry its own oxygen supply.39. What did Werner J. A. Dahm of the University of Michigan say about the Hyper-X test flight?A. It indicated the birth of a very fast airplane.B. It was self-powered，so it lasted only 11 seconds.C. It can transport cargo quickly and cheaply
20、to the brink of space.D. It is a major milestone in the journey of making a new type of very fast airplanes.40. What has NASA planned to do?A. To make another 11-second hypersonic flight at 10 times the speed of the sound.B. To make three more Hyper-X experiments.C. To retest the aircraft that is le
21、ft.D. To make the aircraft fly higher and longer.41. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks thatA. strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.B. to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission.C. despite the difficulty，scientists have some optio
22、ns to prevent global warming.D. actions suggested by scientists will never be realized.42. Scientists resist talking about their options because they dont want people toA. know what they are doing.B. feel their efforts are useless.C. think the problem has been solved.D. see the real problem.43. What
23、 does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A. Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.B. Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict.C. Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict.D. Methadone and heroin are e
24、qually effective in treating a heroin addict.44. What is Stephen Schneiders idea of preventing global warming?A. To ask governments to take stronger measures.B. To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth.C. To apply sunscreen to the Earth.D. To decrease greenhouse gases.45. What is NOT true of the
25、effectiveness of sunscreen，according to the last paragraph?A. It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming.B. It blocks the incident energy in the suns rays.C. It is a controversial method.D. It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.page第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处
26、空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 A. for stone to use in modern buildingsB. has made them less likely to fall into ruinC. before they could begin to buildD. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE. while building the pyramidsF. they will continue to stan
27、d for thousands of years yetpage第6部分：完形填空(第5165题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 51.A. for B. toC. about D. with52.A. like B. alikeC. resembled D. similar53.A. onB. fromC. up D. in54.A. use B. heatC. pressureD. form55.A. creation B. invention C. discovery D. recognition56.A. retainB. kee
28、pC. holdD. set57.A. did B. builtC. triedD. conducted58.A. weakB. gentle C. hardD. strong59.A. orB. howeverC. thoughD. even60.A. capable B. probableC. practicalD. possible61.A. experiments B. checks C. discoveriesD. works62.A. formB. place C. shape D. size63.A. on B. toC. inD. with64.A. system B. sty
29、le C. wayD. direction65.A. everything B. anything C. nothingD. something1D 2C 3B 4A 5B 6B 7A 8B 9B 10C 11A 12B 13A 14C 15D 16B 17C 18A 19B 20C 21C 22A 23E 24B 25A 26D 27F 28E 29A 30C 31C 32A 33D 34B 35B 36C 37B 38A 39D 40A 41C 42C 43A 44C 45D 46F 47A 48B 49D 50C 51B 52A 53B 54D 55C 56B 57A 58C 59C 6
30、0D 61A 62B 63B 64C 65C浅埋暗挖隧道工艺标准1.竖井1.1适用范围：本章适用于浅埋暗挖隧道开挖的竖井由格栅钢架、钢筋网片、喷射混凝土联合组成初期支护的施工及验收。1.2编制参考标准及规范地下铁道工程施工及验收标准GB50299-1999铁路隧道施工规范TB10204-2002 J163-20021.3术语（1）圈梁：竖井棚架支护底座的钢筋混凝土结构。（2）竖井棚架：采用工字钢等型钢焊接成型的吊装骨架，用于提升、倒运竖井及隧道内垃圾和各种材料的吊运装置。（3）格栅钢架：用钢筋或型钢焊接加工而形成的 架式支架。（4）喷射混凝土：利用压缩空气或其它动力，将按一定配比拌制的混凝土混
31、合物沿管路输送至喷头处，以较高速度垂直射于受喷面，依赖喷射过程中水泥与骨料的连续撞击，压密而形成的一种混凝土。（5）干喷：将水泥和骨料干拌后送到喷嘴，在喷嘴的前端让其与水合流的一种混凝土的施工方法。（6）湿喷：将水泥和骨料加水搅拌均匀后直接喷射到受喷面上的一种混凝土施工方法。（7）初期支护：当设计要求隧洞的永久支护分期完成时，隧洞开挖后及时施工的支护。（8）钢支撑：采用工字钢等型钢焊接成型的支护钢架，用于支撑初衬结构的一种支护方式。1.4一般规定1.4.1竖井的断面形式可采用矩形或圆形，当地质情况较差时宜采用圆形。1.4.2竖井井口应做锁口圈梁，锁口圈梁应在井身掘进前完成。1.4.3竖井应设防
32、雨棚，井口周围应设防汛墙和栏杆。1.4.4 竖井应安装上下爬梯，爬梯应牢固可靠，利于行走，不影响竖井施工和运输。1.4.5施工中竖井口、井底、绞车房和工作吊盘间均应有联系信号，必要时可设直通电话。1.5工艺流程 （I）锁口圈梁1.5.1圈梁施工前应进行复核量测，确定竖井准确位置。1.5.2开挖圈梁时严禁扰动圈梁底部土方，清出圈梁底后可直接浇注垫层混凝土.1.5.3垫层混凝土应沿线路方向灌注，布灰应均匀，其允许偏差为： 5高程 mm，表面平整度3mm。 101.5.4挡水墙高度应高于现况地面该地区最高降水量。1.5.5圈梁钢筋施工应符合下列规定：1 钢筋进场后检查出厂材质证明，并按规格、使用部位
33、编号分别加垫木堆放。苫盖，防止雨淋生锈。 2 钢筋绑扎前检查钢筋是否锈蚀，除锈后方可绑扎。 3 施工垫层浇注完毕并上强度后方可进行圈梁钢筋施工。4 钢筋绑扎应用同标号砂浆垫块或塑料卡支垫，支垫间距为1m左右，并按行列式或交错式摆放，垫块或塑料卡与钢筋应固定牢固。5 钢筋绑扎搭接35d，钢筋搭接时，中间和两端共绑扎3处，并必须单独绑扎后，再和交叉钢筋绑扎，钢筋绑扎搭接接头必须错开。 6 单支箍筋和双支箍筋拐角处与主筋交叉点全部绑扎，双支箍筋平直部分与主筋交叉点可交叉绑扎。 7 箍筋位置保证正确并垂直主筋，双支箍筋弯钩叠合处，沿受力方向错开设置，单支箍筋可按交错式排列。 8 钢筋绑扎牢固稳定，不得
34、变形松脱和开焊。 9 圈梁埋件必须固定，保证牢固、位置正确，埋铁位置根据现场情况设置。 10验收标准：钢筋:主筋分布间距： 10 双层筋间距： 10 保护层厚度： 5 双支箍筋单面满焊 10d 1.5.6圈梁模板施工应符合下列规定：1 钢筋绑扎完毕验收后方可支搭模板。2 模板进场后立即对模板除锈，并码放好，做好苫盖，模板使用前再对模板刷隔离剂。3 模板铺设应牢固、平整、接缝严密不漏浆，相邻两块模板接缝平齐，高低差不大于2mm。支架系统连接应牢固稳定。 4 混凝土强度达到设计强度50%方可拆除模板，拆除的模板及时清除灰渣及时维修，妥善保管。 5 验收标准模板：表面平整度：3 模内尺寸：+3 轴线
35、位移：51.5.7圈梁混凝土施工应符合下列规定： 1 模板验收完毕后方可浇注混凝土。 2 混凝土浇注一般采用灰溜子浇注，配合人工手推车浇注。 3 混凝土振捣采用插入式梅花形振捣，振捣间距不大于50cm，振捣棒插入混凝土内每次不短于3分钟，直至混凝土表面不起泡为准，保证混凝土的振捣密实。 4 混凝土塌落度1416cm。 5 混凝土浇注时严禁向混凝土中加水。 6 混凝土终凝后采用浇水养护，养护时间不少于14天。 7 混凝土抗压和抗渗试件应在灌注地点制作。 7.验收标准（mm） 轴线位移 20 高程 +20 垂直度 15 厚度 %p10 1.5.8圈梁钢筋、模板、混凝土施工还应符合7.1、7.2、7
36、.3有关规定。（II）竖井棚架1.6.1竖井一般采用龙门架和电葫芦做为运输系统，并设防雨棚。1.6.2施工中所采用的龙门架和电葫芦必须经过计算，是否能够达到竖井提升要求。1.6.3龙门架各立柱应设钢筋混凝土独立墩，并准确定位竖井圈梁上柱脚预埋铁位置1.6.4安装龙门架应首先立托梁，然后架设行梁，再立龙门架的吊梁，最后架设横撑和斜撑。1.6.5龙门架立柱与预埋铁之间应加设焊接三角钢板，焊缝长度不低于2cm。1.6.6电葫芦安装前，应仔细检查有无损坏或丢失的零部件，并给起升和运行减速器加油，将加油孔密封，严防渗漏。1.6.7根据导轨情况，用调整垫圈调整电葫芦轨道，保证轮缘与轨道翼缘间有4mm间隙。
37、1.6.8在轨道两端设置弹性缓冲器，以保证电葫芦行至两端不脱轨或防止破坏机体。1.6.9在轨道或其连接的构架上设置地线，接地线为截面不小于25mm的金属导线。1.6.10龙门架和电葫芦使用中应经常检查、维修和保养。1.6.11 提升设备不得超负荷作业，运输速度应符合设备技术要求；1.6.12提升设备应有深度指示器和防过卷、过速等保护装置以及限速器和松绳信号等。1.6.13提升用的钢丝绳和各种悬挂用的连接装置，应具有规定的安全系数，使用前应进行拉力试验，合格后方可安装。（III）竖井开挖1.7.1 竖井开挖采用逐榀开挖,每榀对角开挖,开挖顺序为-，严禁全断面开挖。1.7.2 竖井格栅榀距严格按照
38、设计要求进行，绝不允许超挖。1.7.3竖井土方开挖严禁向下和向外超挖，尽可能避免对竖井侧壁土质的扰动。（IV）格栅安装1.8.1格栅宜选用钢筋、型钢、钢轨等制成。格栅钢筋的主筋直径不宜小于18mm。1.8.2格栅应在开挖挂网或喷混凝土后及时架设。1.8.3安装前应清除底脚下的废渣及杂物。格栅安装允许偏差：横向和高程为5cm,垂直度为2。1.8.4格栅安装可在开挖面以人工进行，各节钢架间宜以连接板、螺栓和加强筋连接。1.8.5各格栅间宜采用竖向连接筋连接，竖井四角必须各设连接筋1根。1.8.6钢筋网片铺设应平整，并与格栅连接牢固，钢筋网片搭接长度不小于一个网孔。1.8.7钢筋格栅采用双层钢筋网时
39、，应在格栅里外侧各铺设一层，并连接牢固。1.8.8钢筋焊接10d，单面满焊，格栅连接板处设置4根加强筋。1.8.9钢筋焊接时，引弧在形成焊缝部位进行，不得烧伤主筋。1.8.10钢筋焊接过程中及时清渣，焊缝表面光滑，焊缝余高平缓过渡，弧坑必须填满。1.8.11钢筋焊接的焊缝厚度不小于主筋直径的0.3倍，焊缝宽度不小于主筋直径的0.7倍。1.8.12格栅应与所喷混凝土形成一体，保护层厚度不得小于40mm。格栅与围岩间的间隙必须用喷混凝土天实。（V）钢支撑1.9.1竖井支护一般采用盘撑和对撑等钢支撑支护方式。1.9.2竖井钢支撑应在竖井挖至一定深度时，按照设计要求及时安装，一般自地面6米以上，不大于
40、3米设一道，6米以下不大于2米设一道；最下一道钢支撑做至竖井底板上30cm。钢支撑应牢固可靠，对竖井壁能够施加预应力，起到支护作用。1.9.3竖井钢支撑一般采用不低于30工字钢；八字支撑采用不低于25#工字钢。1.9.4钢支撑需要设置支架时，其支架一般采用48钢管，每两根为一组，间距不大于3米，结构外露稍大于所采用的工字钢宽度，入土不小于1.0米，结构内与钢格栅焊接牢固,钢支撑和支架应在同一平面内。1.9.5工字钢切割面无裂纹、夹渣、分层和大于1mm的缺棱。1.9.6焊缝表面不得有裂纹、焊瘤、烧穿、弧坑等缺陷。焊逢外形均匀，焊道与焊道之间过渡平滑、焊渣与飞溅物清除干净。1.9.7竖井结构施工时
41、，钢支撑上不得堆放材料或其它重物。发现变形、楔子松动或支撑系统出现故障时，必须及时处理。1.9.8钢支撑应随竖井回填自下而上逐层拆除，边拆边回填，必要时应采取加固措施。1.9.9验收标准钢支撑安装位置允许偏差：高程 50mm水平间距 100mm（VI）喷射混凝土1.10.1喷射混凝土应在格栅安装后及时进行，亦采用湿喷工艺。1.10.2喷射混凝土前应清理场地，清扫受喷面；对机具设备进行试运转。就绪后方可进行混凝土喷射作业。1.10.3混凝土配合比应通过试验确定，满足混凝土强度和喷射工艺要求。1.10.4喷射混凝土作业应自下而上施工，混凝土终凝至下一循环开挖土方时间应不小于3小时。1.10.5作业
42、开始时必须先送风，后开机，再给料;结束时，应待料喷完后再关风。1.10.6喷射作业完毕或因故中断喷射时，必须将喷射机和输料管内的积料清除干净。1.10.7喷射机应具有良好的密封性能，喷头应具有良好的工作性能。施工时喷头与喷面保持垂直，保持0.61.0 m的距离。喷手在施工时必须控制好水灰比，保持混凝土面平整，呈湿润光泽，无干斑或滑移流淌现象。 1.10.8混合料应随拌随喷，不掺混合料的干拌料，存放时间不应大于2h；掺有速凝剂的干混合料，存放时间不应大于20min.1.10.9喷射混凝土回弹量不大于15%。1.10.10喷射混凝土后应进行养护和保护,养护时间不得低于14d，温度低于5不得浇水养护
43、。所喷混凝土达不到设计强度的40不得受冻。1.10.11验收标准表面平整度允许偏差 30mm矢弦比不大于 1/6（VII）竖井封底1.11.1施工开挖接近井底200mm时，不得超挖或扰动井底土方。1.11.2封底严禁全断面开挖,采用分段开挖预留封底钢筋施工,封底钢筋与竖井格栅焊接成整体。1.11.3竖井井底应平整压实，其允许偏差为：5高程 mm，表面平整度20mm，并在1m范围内不得多于1处。井底经 10检查合格后，应及时进行施工混凝土垫层。1.11.4钢筋焊接10d;钢筋绑扎搭接35d,钢筋搭接时,中间和两端共绑扎3处,并单独绑扎后,再和交叉钢筋绑扎,钢筋绑扎搭接接头错开。 1.11.5钢筋
44、绑扎牢固,不得有松脱开焊。1.11.6施工中根据现场情况预留罐坑,竖井两端预留泵坑,泵坑、罐坑周边及坑底采用钢筋和双层网片支护,并喷护混凝土。1.11.7验收标准 钢筋:主筋分布间距： 10 双层筋间距： 10 保护层厚度： 5 喷射混凝土:喷层厚度 不小于设计厚度 砼强度 不小于设计强度 井底标高 -20,01.11.4钢筋焊接10d;钢筋绑扎搭接35d,钢筋搭接时,中间和两端共绑扎3处,并单独绑扎后,再和交叉钢筋绑扎,钢筋绑扎搭接接头错开。 1.11.5钢筋绑扎牢固,不得有松脱开焊。1.11.6施工中根据现场情况预留罐坑7.3竖井土方开挖严禁向下和向外超挖，尽可能避免对竖井侧壁土质的扰动。
45、（IV）格栅安装1.8.1格栅宜选用钢筋、型钢、钢轨等制成。格栅钢筋的主筋直径不宜小于18mm。1.8.2格栅应在开挖挂网或喷混凝土后及时架设。1.8.3安装前应清除底脚下的废渣及杂物。格栅安装允许偏差：横向和高程为5cm,垂直度为2。1.8.4格栅安装可在开挖面以人工进行，各节钢架间宜以连接板、螺栓和加强筋连接。1.8.5各格栅间宜采用竖向连接筋连接，竖井四角必须各设连接筋1根。1.8.6钢筋网片铺设应平整，并与格栅连接牢固，钢筋网片搭接长度不小于一个网孔。1.8.7钢筋格栅采用双层钢筋网时，应在格栅里外侧各铺设一层，并连接牢固。1.8.8钢筋焊接10d，单面满焊，格栅连接板处设置4根加强筋。1.8.9钢筋焊接时，引弧在形成焊缝部位
