1、甚麼是合作學習（Cooperative Learning）？,協同教學？小班教學？小組學習？,合作學習是一種以小組形式進行的教學策略, 組員藉着互相幫助去提升大家的學習成效，包括認知及情意兩方面（Johnson & Johnson, 1999）。,心理學,認知心理學 發展論：個體的認知隨著失衡現象平衡後而發展 矛盾論：個體盡力修正與人有衝突的概念 精緻化論：個體的認知隨著本身已知重新組織而變得精緻行為主義心理學個體的行為會因得到賞報而增強人本主義心理學個體在和諧互信的氣氛下主動學習,社會學,社會互賴理論：社會成員因互相依賴而產生互動社會接觸理論：小組成員透過接觸而提高小組的向心力及友誼,合作學
2、習主要派別,Johnson & Johnson （元素派）Kagan （架構派）Slavin（模式派）,合作學習主要模式,Johnson & Johnson共同學習法 (LT) 任何科目Sharan & Sharan合作探究學習法 (GI) 專題研習Kagan結構取向 (Structural Approach) 任何科目Slavin學生小組成就區分法 (STAD) 中、數、常小組遊戲競賽法 (TGT) 中、數、常拼圖法第二代 (Jigsaw II) 中、常,Johnson & Johnson,自行加上合作學習元素沒有固定步驟教師需對合作學習有深入認識,Kagan,等量參與同時交流精熟 思考分享
3、溝通方法易用簡單不受時空限制,Slavin,步驟清晰自己進步，小組得益受時空限制方法有STAD, TGT, Jigsaw II,合作學習值得關注的問題,教師對合作學習的誤解課室與學校空間的限制學生未能掌握社交技巧學生未能建立團結小組精神,Difference between Social Skills Pupils Need and teachers teach(%),P.S.：. * p0.05 (McNemar test),The result indicates,Most of the teachers agreed that their pupils need to learn soc
4、ial skills, but For 8 of 15 items, there is significant difference between the percentage of teachers who agreed that their pupils need to learn the social skills and who have taught their pupils the social skills.,Recent articles on cooperative learning:Chan, K.W. (2004). Student perceptions of lea
5、rning together. International Journal of Learning, Vol. 10, 1231-1242.Chan, K.W. (2004). Using Jigsaw II in teacher education programmes. Hong Kong Teachers Centre Journal. Vol. 3, 91-97.Chan, K W. (2004). Frequencies of small group activities and the social skills in the implementation of curriculu
6、m reform. In Y.C. Lo & W.S. Li (Eds.). School curriculum reforms in Hong Kong (Research Series) (pp. 117-130). Hong Kong: Modern Educational Research Society, Ltd. (In Chinese) Chan, K.W., & Hui, M.F. (2004). The application of Group Investigation in Chinese language teaching: theory and practice. In M.S. Ho, K.M. Cheng, & K.C. Ho (Eds.). A century Chinese language education and the new century language curriculum reform. (pp. 270-289). Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Institute of Education. (In Chinese),合作學習的重要網址,http:/www.cla.org.hkhttp:/,
