1、政治學,潘兆民東海大學通識教育中心暨大陸研究學程副教授,第四章 政治文化,一、定義： L. W. Pye describes it as the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political process. 政治 信仰 形成 組合 政治過程文化制度體 政治系統 情操 信仰 政治社會一般人 價值 系統 表達 符號,Political culture can be defined as “The orientation of the citizen
2、s of a nation toward politics, and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political practice.And the feelings expressed by individuals in the position of the elected offices that allow for the nurture of a political society.,It is a distinctive and patterned form of politica
3、l philosophy that consists of beliefs on how governmental, political, and economic life should be carried out. Political cultures create a framework for political change and are unique to nations, states, and other groups.,A political culture differs from political ideology in that people can disagr
4、ee on an ideology (what government should do) but still share a common political culture. Some ideologies, however, are so critical of the status quo that they require a fundamental change in the way government is operated, and therefore embody a different political culture as well.,二、要素(元素、特質),經驗信念
5、 價值偏好 情感反應,三政治文化如何形成,政治社會化個人的生活經驗歷史經驗政府作為,四、內容(1) A. Ranney,愛國心 國家認同感制度信任他人信任政治效能感公民義務感,政黨輪替之後，政務官與事務官間的信任新政府用舊官僚，像請鬼拿藥單。 - 民進黨前秘書長吳乃仁(2000.9.27)不聽取專家的專案堅持會失去民心，而說出舊官僚這種話的人，是最沒有政治智慧的人。- 經建會副主委李高朝(2000.10.21),五政治文化的類型：,(1) 對政治系統的認知分類：Almond & Verba 0 公民取向弱或對目標漠不關心 1 對政治目標 強烈取向,Gabriel Almond and Sidn
6、ey Verba outlined three pure types of political culture:Parochial - Where citizens are only remotely aware of the presence of central government, and live their lives near enough regardless of the decisions taken by the state. Subject - Where citizens are aware of central government, and are heavily
7、 subjected its decisions with little scope for dissent. Participant - Citizens are able to influence the government in various ways and they are affected by it. These three pure types of political culture can combine to create the civic culture, which mixes the best elements of each.,參與型政治文化（participant political culture）臣屬型政治文化（subject political culture）偏狹型政治文化（parochial political culture）：,
