1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语基于英汉文化差异的习语翻译IDIOMSTRANSLATIONBASEDONDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURESI摘要习语是民族语言的精华，包含着大量的文化特征和文化背景，具有生动活泼的形象和鲜明的民族特色。中英习语所反映的文化差异主要体现在生存环境、宗教信仰、风俗习惯和历史典故。在跨文化交际中习语的翻译存在一些问题，主要表现为理解不当、缺乏跨文化意识、失去习语语言特色。基于分析以上问题，本文提出了习语翻译的基本方法直译法、意义法、借用法、省略法和加注法。关键词文化差异；习语；翻译IIABSTRACTIDIOMSARE
2、THENATIONALLANGUAGESESSENCE,ANDIDIOMSCONTAINALARGEAMOUNTOFCULTURALFEATURESANDCULTURALBACKGROUNDSIDIOMSAREWITHVIVIDIMAGESANDTHICKNATIONCHARACTERISTICSCHINESEANDENGLISHCULTURALDIFFERENCESREFLECTEDBYIDIOMSAREMAINLYFOCUSONLIVINGENVIRONMENTS,RELIGIONS,CUSTOMSANDHISTORICALALLUSIONSINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICA
3、TION,THEREARESOMEPROBLEMSINIDIOMSTRANSLATIONTHEYAREUNDERSTANDINGIMPROPERLY,LACKINGOFCROSSCULTURALAWARENESS,ANDLOSSINGLANGUAGEFEATURESIDIOMSBASEDONANALYSISOFTHEABOVEPROBLEMS,THISPAPERPUTSFORWARDFOURBASICMETHODSOFTRANSLATIONLITERALTRANSLATION,FREETRANSLATION,BORROWINGMETHOD,ELLIPSISANDANNOTATIONKEYWOR
4、DSCULTURALDIFFERENCE；IDIOMS；TRANSLATIONIIICONTENTSABSTRACTCONTENTS1INTRODUCTION12DIFFERENTCULTURESREFLECTEDINTHEENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMS121CULTUREANDIDIOMS122CULTUREDIFFERENCESREFLECTINGIDIOMSDIFFERENCES2221SURVIVALENVIRONMENTS2222RELIGIOUSBELIEFS3223CUSTOMSANDHABITS4224HISTORICALALLUSIONS43TRANSLATI
5、ONOFENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMS531TRANSLATIONANDIDIOMS532OBVIOUSPROBLEMSINTRANSLATION6321INTERPRETINGWITHOUTREALUNDERSTANDING6322LESSATTENTIONTOTHECULTURALCHARACTERISTICS6323LOSINGLANGUAGEFEATURESOFIDIOMS733TRANSLATIONMETHODS7331LITERALTRANSLATION7332FREETRANSLATION8333BORROWING8334ELLIPSIS9335ANNOTATIO
6、N94CONCLUSION10BIBLIOGRAPHY11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS1411INTRODUCTIONSINCETHE20THCENTURY,EARLY90S,THECULTURALFACTORSOFIDIOMSCAUSEDTHETRANSLATIONCOMMUNITYOFSTRONGINTERESTANDCONCERNTHETRANSLATIONPROCESSISNOTONLYJUSTAPROCESSOFCODESWITCHING,BUTALSOACROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONCULTURALTRANSLATIONINTHETRANSLATIONPR
7、OCESSINTHEPASTFEWDECADESGOTRIDOFTHESHACKLESOFTRADITIONALLITERALTRANSLATION,ANDMOREATTENTIONSWEREPAIDTOTHEINTERPRETATIONANDCONSTRUCTIONOFSOMEOFTHERELATEDDYNAMICPHENOMENONBEHINDCULTURALCONTEXTASFARASIDIOMSTRANSLATIONISCONCERNED,ANINTERPRETATIONOFCULTURALISSUESBEHINDPUREFORMISTHEMOSTESSENTIALSTEPTOANYS
8、UCCESSFULCOMMUNICATIVERENDITIONMANYSCHOLARSOFIDIOMSTRANSLATIONHAVEDONEALOTOFRESEARCHES,BUTMOSTOFTHEMCONCENTRATEDONTHESURFACELEVELRESEARCHESINSTEADOFDEEP,COMPREHENSIVE,SYSTEMATICRESEARCHESTHEREFORE,THEAUTHORBELIEVESTHATITISNECESSARYTODOFURTHERRESEARCHOFIDIOMSTRANSLATIONLANGUAGEASAPARTOFTHECULTUREPLAY
9、SANIMPORTANTROLEINCULTURETHEESSENCEOFTRANSLATIONISAKINDOFCROSSCULTURALACTIVITIESTHATARETHECOMPARISON,INTRODUCTION,ANDABSORPTIONBETWEENTWOCULTURESNIDA,1993THEAUTHORSSTUDYCOULDCOMPLEMENTTHECURRENTTRANSLATIONSTUDIES,ATTHESAMETIME,THEAUTHORWANTSTOATTRACTTHEREADERSATTENTIONTOTHECULTURALFACTORSOFINTERCULT
10、URALCOMMUNICATIONSOTHATTHEYCANUNDERSTANDTHEIDIOMSACCURATELY,ANDTRANSLATETHEIDIOMSFAITHFULLY2DIFFERENTCULTURESREFLECTEDINTHEENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMSTHISCHAPTERTALKSABOUTTHEDEFINITIONSOFCULTUREANDIDIOMSANDTHEIRRELATIONSHIPTHENENGLISHANDCHINESECULTURESDIFFERENCESWHICHREFLECTTHEDIFFERENCESOFTHEIDIOMSARED
11、ISCUSSED21CULTUREANDIDIOMSCULTUREASACONCEPTISPRESENTEDBYTHEBRITISHFATHEROFHUMANCULTUREEDWARDTAYLORINHISPRIMITIVECULTUREIN1871,HETHINKSTHATCULTUREISACOMPLEXWHOLEWHICHINCLUDESKNOWLEDGE,BELIEF,ART,MORALS,LAW,SOCIALCUSTOMSANDHABITSANDCAPACITYACQUIREDFROMSOCIETYSCHOLARSHAVETRIEDTOPROMOTEAPROPERDEFINITION
12、OFCULTURESTILLNOW,THEREISNOTASATISFACTORYDEFINITIONTHROUGHTHEWORLDSOMEFOREIGNSCHOLARSPUTFORWARDMORETHAN200DEFINITIONSSOMEOFTHEMARECONCERNEDWITHTHEMATERIALPRODUCTSOFTHEPEOPLE,SOMEOF2THEMARECONCERNEDWITHTHESPIRITUALASPECTSWHICHARESHAREDBYPEOPLE,STILLOTHERSFOCUSONTHEBOTHOFPRACTICESANDBELIEFSOFTHESOCIET
13、YPROFESSORCLAIREKRAMSCHDEFINESTHECULTUREASMEMBERSHIPINADISCOURSECOMMUNITYTHATSHARESACOMMONSOCIALSPACEANDHISTORY,ANDCOMMONIMAGININGSEVENWHENTHEYHAVELEFTTHATCOMMUNITY,ITSMEMBERSNAYRETAIN,WHEREVERTHEYARE,ACOMMONSYSTEMOFSTANDARDSFORPERCEIVING,BELIEVING,EVALUATING,ANDACTINGTHESESTANDARDSAREGENERALLYCALLE
14、DTHEIRCULTUREKRAMSH,200010GENERALLYSPEAKING,MOSTOFTHEDEFINITIONSOFCULTURESEEMTOSTRENGTHENTHEPOINTTHATTHECULTUREISPERVASIVETHEAUTHORSOPINIONISTHATCULTUREARETHOUGHTS,BEHAVIORS,IDEAS,CUSTOMS,HABITSANDALLTHEACTIVITIESINAPERIODTIMEWHICHARECREADEDBYAGROUPIDIOMSAREAUNIQUEANDFIXEDMODEOFLANGUAGEEXPRESSIONIDI
15、OMSINCLUDECOLLOQUIALISMS,PROVERBS,SLANGANDALLUSIONETCIDIOMSUSUALLYHASTHECHARACTERISTICSOFRIGOROUSSTRUCTUREANDSUCCINCTFORM,PROFOUNDMEANING,ANDVIVIDEXPRESSIONETC,BAOHUINAN,2004189LANGUAGEISTHECARRIEROFCULTURE,ANDANYKINDOFLANGUAGEISREFLECTEDINITSCORRESPONDINGCULTUREIDIOMSARETHEESSENCEOFLANGUAGECULTUREG
16、IVESBIRTHTOIDIOMS,ENDOWSIDIOMSWITHTHEFEATUREOFCONCISEANDVIVIDEXPRESSIONIDIOMSCONTAINARICHCULTURECONNOTATION,CULTURALFEATURES,CULTURALBACKGROUND,DISTINCTNATIONALANDREGIONFEATURESIDIOMSREFLECTTHESOCIALBEGINNINGLEVELSOFCULTURESELECTIVELYINFACT,ASIGNIFICANTPORTIONOFIDIOMSTHATARERELATEDTOTHEEXPRESSIONOFS
17、PECIFICAREASISTHEIMPORTANTINDEXINGUIDINGTHECULTUREATTHESAMETIME,IDIOMSSHOWTHEDIFFERENTASPECTOFCULTURE22CULTUREDIFFERENCESREFLECTINGIDIOMSDIFFERENCESIDIOMSAREFORMEDTHROUGHPEOPLESPRACTICEDIFFERENTIDIOMSAREAFFECTEDBYMANYFACTORS,SUCHASTHEDIFFERENTSURVIVALENVIRONMENTS,THERELIGIONS,THECUSTOMS,ANDSOON221SU
18、RVIVALENVIRONMENTSENVIRONMENTINCLUDESNOTONLYTHECONTENTOFTHEMATERIALFACTORSOFAIR,WATER,LAND,PLANTS,ANIMALS,ETC,BUTALSONONMATERIALFACTORSSUCHASTHECONCEPTS,SYSTEMS,ANDCODESOFCONDUCTATTHESAMETIME,BOTHNATURALFACTORSANDSOCIALFACTORSAREALSOINCLUDEDINENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTISRELATEDTOSUBJECT,WHOSEDIFFERENCES
19、LEADTOTHEDIFFERENTSIZESOFTHEENVIRONMENTANDDIFFERENTCONTENTSCHINASANCIENTANCESTORSLIVEDINTHEMAINLAND,ANDDOMINATEDBYAGRICULTUREPEOPLEANDTHEIRPRODUCTIONCANTLIVEWITHOUTLANDTHUS,THEIRIDIOMSHADTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTYPICALFARMING,SUCHAS一日之计在于晨,种瓜得瓜种豆得豆,庄稼一枝花，全靠肥当3家”,“瑞雪兆丰年”THEYHAVETHERELATIONSHIPWITHSEASON,
20、WEATHER,CROPSANDFARMINGTHEREAREALOTOFIDIOMSWHICHARERELATEDTOTHEBAMBOO,LIKE“胸有成竹”，“节外生枝”，“立竿见影”，“竹篮打水一场空”BUTTHEREISNOBAMBOOINENGLAND,SONOIDIOMSABOUTBAMBOOINENGLISHENGLANDISSURROUNDEDBYTHESEA,ANDTHEEARLYBRITISHLIFEMAINLYDEPENDEDONTHESEATHEYCREATEDACULTUREOFTHESEAWHENTHEYSTRUGGLEDAGAINSTTHESEATHISCULTU
21、REWASPERFORMEDINENGLISHIDIOMSTHOROUGHLYTHEYOFTENUSEDFISHTODESCRIBEPEOPLETHEYUSEDQUEERFISHORCOOLFISHTODESCRIBE怪人,USEDLOOSEFISHTODESCRIBE放荡的家伙,USEDSHYFISHASA害羞的人,USEDPOORFISHAS可怜的人,ANDCOLDFISHAS冷漠的人THEIDIOMOFDRINKLIKEAFISHMEANS很会喝酒DENGFANG,2010）ONTHEOTHERSIDE,INTHEUNITEDKINGDOMSHISTORY,SEAFARINGANDSHI
22、PBUILDINGINDUSTRIESAREWELLDEVELOPED,WHICHBRINGSALOTOFIDIOMSRELATEDTOSHIPBUILDINGANDSEAFARINGINDUSTRYSUCHASTHEIDIOMSINKANDSWINGMEANS无论成败,KEEPONESHEADABOVEWATERMEANS奋力图存,ANDTHESENTENCETHATLIVINGWITHOUTANAIMISLIKESAILINGWITHOUTACOMPASSMEANS人生没有目标，就像航海没有罗盘222RELIGIOUSBELIEFSRELIGIOUSBELIEFISTHEBELIEFTHA
23、TPEOPLEBELIEVEINAPARTICULARSANCTITYOBJECTINCLUDINGTHEPARTICULARDOCTRINE,ETCWITHACONVICTIONTHISCONVICTIONISTOGUIDEANDREGULATETHEMINTHEBEHAVIOROFSECULARSOCIETYITBELONGSTOASPECIALKINDOFSOCIALIDEOLOGYANDCULTURALPHENOMENARELIGIONISAPARTOFTHECULTUREITOFTENRUNSTHROUGHTHEPEOPLESSPIRITUALLIFEANDSOCIALLIFE,AN
24、DISALSOREFLECTEDINLANGUAGELUOSHIPING,200628IDIOMSWHICHAPPEARINBOTHCHINESEANDENGLISHLANGUAGEREFLECTTHEIRRESPECTIVERELIGIOUSCULTURESBUDDHISMWASINTRODUCEDINTOCHINAFORMORETHANATHOUSANDYEARS,ANDCLOSELYRELATEDTOCHINESECULTURESO,THEREAREMANYIDIOMSABOUTBUDDHAEG半路出家,善男信女,无事不登三宝殿,不看僧面看佛面,救人一命，胜造七级浮屠,闲时不烧香,临时抱
25、佛脚,做一天和尚撞一天钟INTHEWESTESPECIALLYINANGLOAMERICANCOUNTRIES,PEOPLEBELIEVEINCHRISTIANITYGODISCONSIDEREDEVERYTHINGTOTHEM,ANDGODDOMINANTSEVERYTHINGSOINENGLISHIDIOMS,GOD,HEAVEN,HELL,CROSS,CHURCHETC,APPEAREDREPEATEDLYSUCHASGODHELPTHOSEWHOHELPTHEMSELVES,MANPROPOSES,GODDISPOSES,TOCROSSONEFINGERS,TOKEEPONESFING
26、ERSCROSSED,ASPOORASACHURCHMOUSE,GOTOHELLANDSOONTHEBIBLEHASFARREACHINGINFLUENCEONHUMANISTICVALUES,MORALITYINENGLISHSOCIETYENGLISHHASMANYIDIOMSFROMTHEBIBLE,LIKEFORBIDDENFRUIT,JUDASKISS,AKISSOFDEATH,ASWISEASSOLOMONANDSO4ONATTHESAMETIMES,THEBIBLEENGLISHBECOMESTHEDAILYENGLISH,SUCHASLETTHEDEADBURYTHEIRDEA
27、D,ADEADDOG,WOLFINSHEEPSCLOTHING,ANEYEFORANEYE,ATOOTHFORATOOTHETCBIBLICALIDIOMSBECOMEANINDISPENSABLEPARTOFTHECULTUREOFENGLISHFROMTHESEEXAMPLES,ITISEASYTOSEETHATRELIGIOUSTERMSENRICHENGLISHEXPRESSION223CUSTOMSANDHABITSCUSTOMSREFERTOINDIVIDUALORCOLLECTIVEFASHION,MANNERS,HABITS,MAINLYINFOOD,CLOTHING,HOUS
28、ING,MARRIAGE,FESTIVALS,ETCCUSTOMSARENATIONSHABITSWHICHWEREFORMEDINITSLONGTERMHISTORICPROCESS,ANDCUSTOMSHAVEAVERYSTRONGRESTRAININGEFFECTONMEMBERSOFSOCIETYDIFFERENTNATIONALITIESWITHUNIQUEFEATURECUSTOMSPROMOTEIDIOMSDEVELOPMENTANDENRICHCULTURALCONNOTATIONEGCHINESEIDIOMS小菜一碟ANDENGLISHIDIOMSAPIECEOFCAKE，小
29、菜ANDCAKEBOTHHAVETHEMEANINGOFSIMPLEBUTINTHEEXPRESSIONOFIDIOMS,TWONATIONALITIESEXPRESSTHESAMEMEANINGWITHDIFFERENTFORMSFIRSTLY,ITSBASEDONDIFFERENTHABITSINEATINGTHECAKEISTHEFOODTHATBRITISHPEOPLEOFTENEAT,BUTFORCHINA,CAKEAPPEAREDINCHINESEVISIONASAHIGHGRADEFOODNEARLY100YEARSAGOSOCHINESEPEOPLEUSE小菜DESCRIBES
30、OMETHINGEASYTOBEDONESECONDLYITISBASEDONLIFEASWELLASDIFFERENCESINOUTLOOKTHETYPICALEXAMPLEISTHEDRAGONINCHINA,THEDRAGONISAGOODTOTEMWHICHISANAUSPICIOUSSYMBOLMOREEXAMPLES龙凤呈祥,望子成龙,龙跃凤鸣,龙吟虎啸,龙腾虎跃BUTINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIES,DRAGON,ASPITTINGFIREMONSTER,ISUSUALLYREGARDEDASDEMONDRAGONSAREOFTENCOMPAREDTOEVIL
31、FORCES224HISTORICALALLUSIONSHISTORICALALLUSIONSAREESSENTIALPARTSOFTHETRADITIONALCULTUREANDTHECONDENSATIONOFARTBRILLIANCEENGLISHANDCHINESELANGUAGEBOTHHAVEALARGENUMBEROFIDIOMSWHICHAREFORMEDBYTHEHISTORICALALLUSIONSTHESEIDIOMSSTRUCTURESARESIMPLE,ANDTHEMEANINGSAREPROFOUNDWITHSTRONGCULTURALATMOSPHERECHINE
32、SEIDIOMSMAINLYCOMEFROMTHECLASSICCHINESESTORIES,MYTHSANDFABLES,FOLKLORES,ANDFAMOUSHISTORICALEVENTSCHINESEWILLUSUALLYSAY真会马后炮,原来是个空城计啊,此地无银三百两,守株待兔,叶公好龙CHINESEIDIOMSHAVE夸父追日,女娲补天,嫦娥奔月FROMMYTHS刻舟求剑,愚公移山AREFROMFABLESTORY围魏救赵,过五关斩六将,背水一战,破釜沉舟ANDSOONAREFROMFAMOUSHISTORICALEVENTSJINHUIKANG,200473THEWESTERN
33、ERSWILLSAYHEISALLGREEKTOME,HEISSHYLOCKTHEYHAVEALOTOF5IDIOMSFROMWARS,SUCHASMEETONESWATERLOO,RICKTOONESGUNSBRITISHANDAMERICANCULTURESEMERGENCEANDDEVELOPMENTHAVEPROFOUNDHISTORICALORIGINSWITHTHEANCIENTGREEKCULTURECROSSTHERUBICONISFROMTHEROMANHISTORYSTORYCASTLEINTHEAIRISFROMMYTHANDLEGENDHANGBYATHREADISFR
34、OMAGREEKSTORYENGLISHIDIOMSAREMOSTLYFROMHOMEREPIC,FABLESTORY,MYTHSANDLEGENDSSUCHASACHILLESHEELMEANS致命的落点APPLEFROMDISCORDMEANS妒忌之源争斗之因3TRANSLATIONOFENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMSINTHISCHAPTER,THEAUTHORDISCUSSESTHEIDIOMSTRANSLATIONWHICHAREBASEDONTHEDIFFERENCEOFIDIOMS31TRANSLATIONANDIDIOMSTRANSLATIONISTOCONVEY
35、MEANINGOFLANGUAGEEXPRESSIONINANOTHERLANGUAGEASUSANBASSNETT,2001POINTSOUTTHATTRANSLATIONISNOTONLYBILINGUALCOMMUNICATION,BUTALSOINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONINORDERTOACHIEVECOMMUNICATIONOFTHOUGHTSANDFEELINGS,SPREADCULTURALKNOWLEDGE,ANDPROMOTESOCIALCIVILIZATION,TRANSLATIONNOTONLYSHOULDCONSIDERLANGUAGEDIFF
36、ERENCES,BUTALSOSHOULDTHINKTHROUGHTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESSUNZHILI,20036INORDERTOMAKELANGUAGETRANSFORMATIONSUCCESSFUL,TRANSLATORSSHOULDMARSTERTWOLANGUAGES,ANDBEFAMILIARWITHTWOKINDSOFCULTURELANGUAGESWANGZUOLIANGPOINTSOUTWHATISTHEMOSTDIFFICULTPROBLEMINIDIOMSTRANSLATIONTHATISTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESTHEREARE
37、SOMECOMMONTHINGSINONECULTUREBUTINTHEOTHERCULTURETHESETHINGSAREDIFFICULTFORPEOPLETOEXPLAINMANYTRANSLATIONTHEORISTSPUTFORWARDAGREATNUMBEROFDIFFERENTOPINIONS,BUTTHECENTRALIDEAISTHESAME,WHICHISTOACCURATELYCONVEYTHEORIGINALMEANING,MAINTAINTHEORIGINALSTYLEANDKEEPTHEORIGINALFORMFROMYANFUS信，达,雅ANDFULEIS重神似不
38、重形似TOZHANGPEIJIS忠实通顺ANDZHAIQIUBAIS同等概念,CULTUREDIFFERENCESALWAYSINFLUENCETHETRANSLATIONMETHODSANDOPINIONSINDIFFERENTPERIODSTHEBASICPRINCIPLEINTRANSLATIONISTHATTRANSLATIONSHOULDNOTONLYFOCUSONTHECONVERSIONLANGUAGEOF,BUTALSOONDEEPCULTURALCONNOTATIONIDIOMSARETHECOREANDESSENCEOFLANGUAGEBOTHENGLISHANDCHINE
39、SEIDIOMSCONTAINRICHCULTURALINFORMATIONWITHVIVIDPHILOSOPHICALANALOGY,DISTINCTNATIONALANDREGIONALCHARACTERISTICSTHETRANSLATIONOFENGLISHANDCHINESEIDIOMSNOTONLYNEEDTOHANDLETHECONTRADICTIONSOFLANGUAGEANDCULTURE,THESOURCELANGUAGESIDIOMSIMAGEANDRHETORICALCHARACTERISTICS,BUTALSONEEDTOREMAINTHETARGETLANGUAGE
40、STHENATIONALCHARACTERISTICS,6REGIONALFEATURES,PSYCHOLOGYANDEXPRESSIONHABITSSUCHABILITIESFACILITEBESTCULTURALCOMMUNICATION32OBVIOUSPROBLEMSINTRANSLATIONINREALITY,TRANSLATIONISDIFFICULTTOACHIEVEFULLEQUALITYTHEPURPOSEOFCULTURALTRANSMISSIONMAYDISAPPEARIFTRANSLATORSINSISTONEQUALITYBLINDLY321INTERPRETINGW
41、ITHOUTREALUNDERSTANDINGMOSTIDIOMSHAVEDISTINCTIMAGESANDMETAPHORS,SOTHETRANSLATIONISNOTEXPECTEDTOINTERPRETWITHOUTREALUNDERSTANDINGBUTSOMETIMES,TRANSLATORSMAYIGNORETHATFACTOR,ANDTRANSLATETOOLITERALLYFOREXAMPLETHEIDIOMCATCHACRAB,TRANSLATORSWOULDTRANSLATEITBYTHELITERALMETHODAS抓一只螃蟹,BUTITMEANS划桨是入水太深而失去平衡
42、REALLYSMELLASARATMEANS觉察或怀疑其中有诈ITWILLPROBABLYBETRANSLATEDINAWRONGWAYAS闻起来像只老鼠THEIDIOM“AGAYDOG“WHOSETRUEMEANINGIS喜欢玩乐的人WOULDBETRANSLATEDINAWRONGWAYAS同性恋狗SOMEIDIOMSWHICHHAVEEQUIVOCALIMAGESANDMETAPHORSCANBETRANSLATEDINTOTHETARGETLANGUAGEBYFUNCTIONALEQUIVALENCEITISCONSIDESEDASSIGNIFICANTPRIORITYANDHELPS
43、READERSTOUNDERSTANDTHEORIGINALIMAGESANDMETAPHORSWHENTHEYAREREADINGBUTMANYTRANSLATORSCANTGETRIDOFTHEORIGINALLANGUAGESTRUCTUREANDORIGINALSOCIALFACTORSDURINGTHETRANSLATIONAFLASHINTHEPANSHOULDBETRANSLATEDAS昙花一现INSTEADOFTHELITERALTRANSLATION镜头一闪而过THEIDIOM“TOGROWLIKEMUSHROOMS“SHOULDBETRANSLATEDAS像雨后春笋一样冒出
44、来INSTEADOFTHELITERALTRANSLATIONAS像蘑菇一样冒出来THEFIRSTONEAPPARENTLYREALIZETHEPURPOSELIJUN,2004367322LESSATTENTIONTOTHECULTURALCHARACTERISTICSIDIOMSNATIONALCHARACTERISTICSAREAFFECTEDBYHISTORIES,ENVIRONMENTS,RELIGIONS,CUSTOMSANDSOONNATIONALFEATURESSHOULDBEKEPTDURINGTHETRANSLATIONFOREXAMPLEIDIOMBEAUTYLIESIN
45、LOVERSEYESSHOULDBETRANSLATEDAS情人眼里出西施ANDIDIOM不要班门弄斧CANBETRANSLATEDASNEVEROFFERTOTEACHFISHTOSWIMHOWEVER，SOMETRANSLATORSALWAYSDOINAOPPOSITEWAYTHEYWOULDTRANSLATEYOUAREASPUREASPSYCHEINTO你真像西子一般无暇INDIFFERENTCONTEXTS,TRANSLATORSSHOLDNOTUSETHECULTURALIMAGEOFTARGETLANGUAGEINDISCRIMINATELYWANGFANG,2001334367
46、323LOSINGLANGUAGEFEATURESOFIDIOMSIDIOMSAREGENERALLYSIMPLEANDCONCISEINTRANSLATIONPROCESSES,THEIRLANGUAGEARTSSHOULDBEREMAINEDMANYIDIOMSARESYMMETRICALINSTRUCTURE,RHYTHMANDCOORDINATIONTHEREFORE,INPROCESSESOFTRANSLATION,THESECHARACTERISTICSOFIDIOMSSHOULDBEREFLECTEDFULLYFOREXAMPLE,THEIDIOM“THEROTTENAPPLEI
47、NJURESITSNEIGHBORS“MEANS一只烂，一筐烂THESECONDIDIOMOLDFRIENDSANDOLDWINEAREBESTMEANS陈酒味醇，老友情深WHATSMORE,THESENTENCE“SPEECHISSLIVER,BUTSILENCEISGOLD“CANBETRANSLATEDAS言语是银，沉默是金THELASTBUTTHEMOSTINTERESTINGEXAMPLEISTHEIDIOMEASTORWEST,HOMEISTHEBESTWHICHMEANS金窝银窝，不如自家的草窝ZHANGJUNXIU,200424345BUTSOMEPEOPLEDONOTKNOW
48、LANGUAGEFEATURESOFBOTHIDIOMS,SOTHEMISTAKESALWAYSEXIST33TRANSLATIONMETHODSTRANSLATIONEXPERTSPUTFORWARDMANYWAYSOFTRANSLATIONINFACT,THESEMETHODSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTRANSLATIONSINCEDIFFERENTIDIOMSREFLECTDIFFERENTCULTURES,DIFFERENTWAYSSHOULDBEUSEDINDIFFERENTSITUATIONS331LITERALTRANSLATIONLITERALTRANSLAT
49、IONISTOCHANGETHEENGLISHGRAMMARSTRUCTUREINTOTHEMOSTSIMILARSTRUCTUREINCHINESETHEWORDSAREONEBYONETRANSLATEDINTOTHETARGETLANGUAGEFROMTHEORIGINALLANGUAGEONTHECONDITIONSTHATWITHOUTVIOLATIONOFNORMS,CAUSINGTHEERRORANDKEEPINGBRITISHIDIOMSTRANSLATIONMETAPHOR,IMAGEANDPEOPLE,LOCALCUSTOMDUETOTHESIMILARITYOFTHEFEELINGPEOPLEKEEPTOTHEOBJECTIVETHINGS,EMOTIONANDSOCIALEXPERIENCESANDSOON,ASMALLAMOUNTOFIDIOMSOFTWOLANGUAGESARETHESAMEORSIMILARTHECULTURALSIGNIFICANCESWHICHARECONVEYEDINTHELITERALMEANI
