1、（20_届）本科毕业设计英语中英文化差异对英汉翻译的影响ASTUDYOFTHEAPPLICATIONOFPOLITETALKSINHIGHSCHOOLENGLISHTEACHINGABSTRACTIII1INTRODUCTION111BACKGROUNDINFORMATION112PURPOSEOFWRITING22THESIXMAINCULTURALFACTORS221WAYSOFTHINKING222MANNERSANDCUSTOMS323LITERARYQUOTATION424RELIGIOUSTRADITION525VALUESANDIDEASOFBEAUTY626REGIONENVI
2、RONMENT73SOMEOTHERCULTURALFACTORS8CONCLUSION9BIBLIOGRAPHY9ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS10摘要翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言表达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的（孙致礼，2003）。翻译一直是国内外专家研究的焦点。本世纪是中华文化同世界文化广泛交流、共同繁荣的世纪，也是翻译事业的黄金时代。然而，语言和文化是一个互为依存、密不可分的整体，世界上没有哪一种语言能离开特定的文化。任何语言都充满了人类文化活动的痕迹，因此，这种文化上的差异对英汉翻译的影响是不可避免的。本文立足于文
3、化差异对英汉翻译的影响，将主要从思维方式、历史典故、风俗习惯、宗教传统、价值观念及审美观念、地域环境等六个方面来分析文化差异对英汉翻译的影响。关键词翻译；文化；文化差异；影响ABSTRACTTRANSLATIONISATOOLTHATCONVERTSONELANGUAGEINTOANOTHER,ITSPURPOSEISTOCOMMUNICATEIDEAS,TRANSMITCULTURE,PROMOTESOCIALCIVILIZATION,ESPECIALLYTOPROPELTHETARGETLANGUAGECULTURETOBEBOOMINGANDPROSPEROUSASARESEARCHTO
4、PICOFMUCHCONCERN,TRANSLATIONHASALWAYSBEENDISCUSSEDBYEXPERTSFROMHOMEANDABROADTHISCENTURYISCENTURYOFAWIDEEXCHANGEANDCOPROSPERITYBETWEENCHINESECULTUREANDTHEWORLDCULTURE,ASWELLASTHEGOLDENAGEOFTRANSLATIONCAUSEHOWEVER,LANGUAGEANDCULTUREISMUTUALLYDEPENDENTANDINSEPARABLE,THEREISNTANYLANGUAGEINTHEWORLDCANSEP
5、ARATEFROMACERTAINCULTUREALLTHELANGUAGESAREFULLOFTRACESOFHUMANCULTUREACTIVITYTHEREFORE,THESECULTUREDIFFERENCESHAVEANINEVITABLEINFLUENCEONTHEENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATIONTHISESSAYFOCUSESONTHISINFLUENCEANDWILLANALYZEITFROM6MAINASPECTSLIKETHEMODEOFTHINKING,LITERARYQUOTATION,SOCIALCUSTOMSANDHABITS,RELIGIOUST
6、RADITION,VALUESANDAESTHETICSTANDARDSANDTERRITORIALENVIRONMENTKEYWORDSTRANSLATIONCULTURECULTURALDIFFERENCEINFLUENCE1INTRODUCTION11BACKGROUNDINFORMATIONNOWADAYSSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYADVANCESSWIFTLYANDVIGOROUSLYINTHISAGEOFECONOMICGLOBALIZATION,TRANSLATIONSROLEASABRIDGEBETWEENINFORMATIONSPREADINGANDCOMMUN
7、ICATIONBECOMESMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTANDITWASCONSIDEREDASACONVERSIONOFTWODIFFERENTLANGUAGESHOWEVER,TRANSLATIONISATRANSFORMOFLANGUAGECHARACTERINFORM,BUTITSTRUEAIMISTHEEXCHANGEOFDIFFERENTCULTURESTRANSLATIONANDCULTUREARECLOSELYRELATED,ANDISALWAYSLIMITEDANDINFLUENCEDBYCULTUREEVERYNATIONHASITSOWNCULTURE，THI
8、SCULTUREISFORMEDINAPARTICULARENVIRONMENT，HISTORY，GEOGRAPHY，ANDTHEREALITIESOFSOCIETY，THEREFOREITHASTHEPARTICULARITYTOMASTERALANGUAGESHOULDBEFAMILIARWITHTHECULTURALPARTICULARITYBEHINDIT,ANDLOOKINTOTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENNATIVECULTUREANDOTHERCULTURESSINCETHOSEDIFFERENCESMUSTAFFECTTHEENGLISHCHINESETRANSLA
9、TION,ITISOFSIGNIFICANCEWHETHERINTHEORYORPRACTICETORESEARCHTHECULTUREDIFFERENCESINFLUENCEONTRANSLATION12PURPOSEOFWRITINGTRANSLATIONISNOTAMEREACTIVITYOFLANGUAGE,ITALSOINVOLVESSOMENONLANGUAGECHARACTERS,ESPECIALLYTHECULTURALELEMENTSTHEULTIMATEGOALOFTRANSLATIONISTOEXCHANGECULTURESANDPROMOTESOCIALPROGRESS
10、THEREFORE,THECULTURALCHARACTERSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHETRANSLATIONTRANSLATORSSHOULDNOTONLYHAVEBILINGUALABILITIESBUTALSOSHOULDHAVETHEKNOWLEDGEOFTWOCULTURES,EVENSEVERALCULTURESIN1993,NIDAPOINTEDOUTTHAT,FORTHETRULYSUCCESSFULTRANSLATION,THEKNOWLEDGEOFTWOCULTURESISMOREIMPORTANTTHANTHEBILINGUALABILITYEBTY
11、LOR,ANANTHROPOLOGIST,THOUGHTCULTUREISACOMPLICATEDGATHERING,INCLUDINGKNOWLEDGE,BELIEF,ARTS,MORALSTANDARDS,LAW,CUSTOMSANDALLTHEABILITIESANDHABITSOFINDIVIDUALSASMEMBERSOFASOCIETYWITHTHEVIGOROUSDEVELOPMENTOFTRANSLATIONCAREER,ITISCRITICALTOKNOWABOUTTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENFOREIGNCULTUREANDNATIVECULTURERECOGN
12、IZENATIVECULTURE,ANDBEWELLUPINTHEFOREIGNCULTURECANMAKETHEPROCESSOFTRANSLATIONFAVORING,ANDPRESENTTHEARTICLESESSENTIALITYPERFECTLYTOTHEREADERSSOITISNECESSARYFORTRANSLATORSTOLEARNTHECULTURALDIFFERENCESOTHERWISE,THEVERSIONCANBESTIFFANDRIGIDTHISESSAYISAIMATRESEARCHINGTHECULTUREDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEAN
13、DENGLISH,ANDEXPLAININGHOWTHEYAFFECTTHEENGLISHCHINESETRANSLATION2THESIXMAINCULTURALFACTORS21WAYSOFTHINKINGWAYSOFTHINKINGWESTERNNATIONSAREUSEDTOADOPTINGABSTRACTNESS,ANANALYTICALMODEFROMONETOMANYTHEIRSENTENCESFOCUSONSUBJECTSANDPREDICATES,ANDTHEYCONTROLPHRASESANDSUBORDINATECLAUSES,FROMTHEMAINTOSECONDARY
14、THOUGHITSFORMCOMESLOOSE,ITSMEANINGHOLDSTOGETHERONTHECONTRARY,CHINESEWOULDPREFERTOUSETHECONCRETENESS,ASYNTHESIZINGTYPEMODEFROMMANYTOONETHEMAJORITIESOFSENTENCESTAKEVERBSASCENTER,ANDFOLLOWACHRONOLOGICALORDERWITHAFOCUSONCOMMUNALHARMONYSOMETIMESALONGENGLISHSENTENCENEEDTRANSLATINGINTOSEVERALSHORTCHINESESE
15、NTENCESWHILESOMESHORTCHINESESENTENCESCANBECONVERTEDINTOALONGENGLISHONEDIFFERENTTHINKINGMODESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHCOUNTRIESMAKETHEMDIFFERINCHOOSINGTHESENTENCEPATTERN,DICTION,WORDSOMISSIONANDSOONFOREXAMPLE,”ITHADBEENAFINE,GOLDENAUTUMN,ALOVELYFAREWELLTOTHOSEWHOWOULDLOSETHEIRYOUTH,ANDSOMEOFTHEMTHEIRL
16、IVES,BEFORETHELEAVESTURNEDAGAININAPEACETIMEFALL”IFWETRANSLATEITDIRECTLYITCANBE那是一个美好的金秋，在告别了那些可能丢失他们的青春甚至生命的人之后，树叶才慢慢的落下THISKINDOFVERSIONISABSOLUTELYLIMITEDBYLINGUISTICFORMASWECANSEE,ITSSTRUCTUREISSHAPELESSANDSTIFF,ANDITSLANGUAGEISINCOHERENTANDFRAGMENTEDHOWEVER,IFWEMAKEITLIKETHIS“那是个天气晴朗，金黄可爱的秋天，美好的
17、秋色为那些青年们送别。待到战后和平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，当日的青年们已经失去了青春，有的甚至丧失了生命“ITCANBECLEARLYSEENTHATTHISONEISDEFINITELYBETTERTHANTHEPREVIOUSSUCHKINDOFVERSIONISSMOOTHANDBRILLIANT,WHATSMORE,ITISQUITESUITABLEFOROURCHINESEWAYOFTHINKINGASANOTHEREXAMPLE,THEOLYMPICSLOGAN“北京欢迎您“EXTENDSCHINESEPEOPLESWARMWELCOMETOTHEPEOPLEOFTHEWH
18、OLEWORLDTHEMOSTCOMMONVERSIONIS”WELCOMETOBEIJING”THECHANGEOFSENTENCETYPEFROMSTATEMENTTOIMPERATIVEFELICITOUSLYSHOWTHEHOSPITALITYANDEXPECTATIONTOWARDTHEOLYMPICGAMESNEVERTHELESS,IFPUTITINTHISWAY“BEIJINGISWELCOMEYOU”,THETONEISMUCHTOOINSIPIDANDTHERESULTISDISSATISFACTORY22MANNERSANDCUSTOMSMANNERSANDCUSTOMS
19、CUSTOMCULTUREISACULTURETHATFORMEDBYNATIONALMANNERSANDCUSTOMSWHICHPENETRATEINDAILYSOCIALLIFEANDCOMMUNICATIONACTIVITIESDIFFERENTNATIONSDIFFERINMANYASPECTS,SUCHASGREETINGS,SALUTATION,FLATTERY,FAREWELLANDSOONWHENGREETING,CHINESEALWAYSSAY,“你吃了吗HAVEYOUEATEN“,“你要去哪儿WHEREAREYOUGOING“,“你在干什么WHATAREYOUDOING“,
20、WHILEENGLISHIDIOMSARE,“HOWAREYOU”GOODMORNING”,OR“FINEDAY,ISNTIT“INCHINESECULTURE,THESEFORMULAEAREJUSTAWAYTOSHOWPOLITENESS,THEYDONTHAVEMUCHTOODEEPMEANINGHOWEVER,WESTERNERSARESENSITIVEABOUTTHEMHAVEYOUEATENWHEREAREYOUGOINGWHATAREYOUDOINGINTHEIROPINIONS,THESEAREPRIVATEAFFAIRSANDCANTBEINQUIREDCASUALLYEXC
21、EPTTHECLOSEFRIENDSIFSOMEONEISASKED“HAVEYOUEATEN”HEORSHEWILLFEELPERPLEXEDANDEVENMAYTHINKWHETHERHEORSHEISINVITEDTOHAVEAMEALASANOTHEREXAMPLE,WHENOBTAINFLATTERYFROMOTHERS,THEWESTERNERSWILLSAY“THANKYOU”TOSHOWACCEPTANCEOFTHESINCEREFLATTERYBUTITSEEMSNOTONLYIMMODESTBUTALSOIMPOLITEANDUNGRACIOUSINTHISCASE,CHI
22、NESEPEOPLEAREALWAYSBEMODESTANDPOLITEWHICHMAKEWESTERNERSFEELSTRANGEANDCONFUSEDTHEREISSUCHAJOKESAYS”WHENAWESTERNERPRAISEDACHINESEBEAUTIFULWOMEN,THEANSWERHEGOTWASWHEREWHEREFORNOTFAMILIARWITHCHINESECUSTOMOFHUMILITY,HEREPLIEDPERPLEXEDLYEVERYWHERE“WHETHERTHEJOKEISEXAGGERATEDORNOT,ITILLUSTRATESTHEDIFFERENT
23、RESPONSESBETWEENCHINESEANDENGLISHINFACINGTHEPROBLEMOFFLATTERYATLEASTNOTJUSTTHEABOVE,PEOPLESBEHAVIORTOSHOWCAREFOROTHERSAREUNLIKE,EITHERFORINSTANCE,“您辛苦了“,IFTHETRANSLATIONIS“YOUVEHADAHARDTIME“OR“YOUVEGONETHROUGHALOTOFHARDSHIPS“,THATMISMATCHESENGLISHCUSTOMSINENGLISHCOUNTRIES,THEYALWAYSSAY“YOUMUSTBETIRE
24、DFROMSUCHALONGTRIP“OR“DIDYOUHAVEAGOODTRIP“TOAPERSONWHOCOMESBACKFROMATRIPITJUSTLIKETHECHINESEGREETINGS“路上辛苦了“,“一路好吗“CHINESEANDENGLISHALSOHAVEDIFFERENTVIEWSONDOGINCHINA,DOGSAREALWAYSUSEDTODESCRIBEVILLAINSANDASAMETAPHOROFTHEM,LIKE“狗腿子LACKEY“,“狗胆包天MONSTROUSAUDACITY“,“狗嘴里吐不出象牙AFILTHYMOUTHCANTDECENTLANGUA
25、GE“HOWEVER,TOTHEENGLISH,DOGSNOTONLYCANBEUSEDTOWATCHTHEDOORORHUNTING,BUTALSOCANBECOMEHUMANBEINGSLOYALFRIENDSANDLOVELYPETS,LIKE“LUCKYDOG幸运儿“,“LOVEME,LOVEMYDOG爱屋及乌“,“ASFAITHFULASADOG像狗一样忠诚“FORTHISREASON,TRANSLATORSSHOULDPAYMOREATTENTIONTOTHETRANSLATIONWHENTHEREISA“DOG“INASENTENCE23LITERARYQUOTATIONLITE
26、RARYQUOTATIONISANATIONSSEDIMENTATIONOFKNOWLEDGEANDEXPERIENCESDURINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHISTORYITVIVIDLYANDDEEPLYREFLECTSTHECERTAINNATIONSVALUESANDHISTORYALLUSIONISDIFFICULTTOTRANSLATEBECAUSEMANYOFUSDONTKNOWTHEHISTORICALCAUSEINWESTERNCULTURE,THEREAREMANYLITERARYQUOTATION,SUCHAS“SWORDOFDAMOCLES达摩克里斯头上的剑“,
27、“APANDORASBOX潘多拉之盒系灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源“,“TOEATNOFISH忠诚“ANDSOONWEMUSTTAKECAREINTRANSLATINGTHEMASINOURCHINA,THEREAREALSOMANYALLUSIONS,LIKE“东施效颦“,“叶公好龙“,“名落孙山“SOMETIMESTHOSEALLUSIONSCANBETRANSLATEDDIRECTLYBUTSHOULDBEANNOTATEDTOAVOIDCONFUSIONWHENREADINGATTHESAMETIME,THUSCANSAVETHENATIONALCHARACTERSANDIMAGESOFTH
28、EORIGINALTEXTFORINSTANCE,“司马昭之心，路人皆知“THEVERSIONIS“THISSIMAZHAOTRICKISOBVIOUSTOEVERYMANINTHESTREET”HERE“司马昭之心“ISCONVERTEDINTO“SIMAZHAOTRICK“,BUTIFITISNOTBEANNOTATED,READERSMAYCANNOTUNDERSTANDTHEREFORETHETRANSLATORSHOULDADDTHEFOLLOWINGWORDS“SIMAZHAOWASAPRIMEMINISTEROFWEI（220265）WHONURSEDASECRETAMBITIO
29、NTOUSURPTHETHRONETHEEMPERORONCEREMARKED“SIMAZHAOSINTENTIONISOBVIOUSTOEVERYMANINTHESTREETANOTHERONE,“班门弄斧“THEDIRECTTRANSLATIONIS“TOSHOWOFFONESPROFICIENCYWITHTHEAXEBEFORELUBAN“ANDTHEANNOTATIONIS“LUBANISAMASTERCARPENTER”THUSCANMAKETHEREADERSUNDERSTANDBETTEROTHERWISE,THEALLUSIONSCANBETRANSLATEDFROMANOTH
30、ERPOINTOFVIEW“三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮“MANYHEADSAREBETTERTHANONE“情人眼里出西施“BEAUTYLIESINLOVERSEYES“不要班门弄斧“NEVEROFFERTOTEACHFISHTOSWIM“THESEVERSIONSAREALSOFINEANDEASYTOUNDERSTAND24RELIGIOUSTRADITIONDIFFERENCEINRELIGIOUSTRADITIONRELIGIOUSCULTUREISANIMPORTANTPARTOFHUMANCULTUREITISACULTURETHATCONSISTSOFRELIGIOUSBELIEF,
31、CONSCIOUSNESSANDSOONITREPRESENTSINDIFFERENTTABOOSANDPURSUITSAMONGDIFFERENTNATIONSTHEMAJORITYOFEUROPEANSARECHRISTIANSTHEYTHINKTHEGODCANCREATEEVERYTHING,THEREFORE,ITHASTHESTATEMENTSAYING“GODHELPSTHOSEWHOHELPTHEMSELVES上帝帮助自助的人“HOWEVER,CHINESEPROFESSTHEBUDDHISMWEBELIEVETHATLORDBUDDHACONTROLSALLTHETHINGS
32、AROUNDTHEWORLD,SOMERELATEDPHRASESARE“借花献佛“,“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚“,“佛口圣心“THEREISALSOAPROVERBREADING“一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃“ITISUNEASYTOTRANSLATEITBOTHEXCELLENTINVOICEANDAFFECTIONTHEMAINCAUSELIESINTHATTHEENGLISHAREUNFAMILIARWITHTHECONCEPTOF“和尚“，ANDTHELITERARYQUOTATIONSOFITAREALSORARESOITISDIFFICULTTOUNDERSTAN
33、DITBETTERFORNOTWILLINGTOMAKEREADERSCONFUSED,WEMAYTRANSLATETHISPROVERBLIKETHIS,“ONEBOYSBOYTWOBOYSAREHALFTHREEBOYSARENOBOY“ONEMORE,“跑得了和尚跑不了庙“,ITISAPROVERBTHATFULLOFEASTERNRELIGIOUSCOLORITSHOULDNTBETRANSLATEDFROMTHELITERAL,LIKE“THEMONKMAYRUNAWAY,BUTTHETEMPLECANTRUNWITHHIM“THEIDEALVERSIONIS“AFUGITIVEMU
34、STBELONGTOSOMEPLACETHATCANPROVIDECLUES“ANOTHERONE,”BEINGATEACHERISBEINGPRESENTATTHECREATION,WHENTHECLAYBEGINSTOBREATHE“THEDIRECTVERSIONIS“老师一直在创造中,犹如泥土开始呼吸“ITISDEFINITELYINCORRECTINCHRISTIANSOPINIONS,THEGODCREATESHUMANBEINGS,ANDHUMANBEINGSCOMEFROMDUST,ANDWILLFINALLYBACKTHEDUSTTHEREFORE,THEWORD“CREAT
35、ION“ISALWAYSRELATEDTOTHEGODINENGLISH,WHILETHE“DUST“OR“CLAY“AREALWAYSTHEHUMANBEINGSWHICHCREATEDBYTHEGODSOTHERIGHTVERSIONIS“老师是创造的见证人，目睹生命呼吸成长“FROMTHISWECANSEETHATTHEDIFFERENCEINRELIGIOUSTRADITIONPENETRATEINEACHLANGUAGEPERFORMANCEIFTHETRANSLATORHASALACKOFDEEPUNDERSTANDINGOFTHISKINDOFCULTURALCHARACTERI
36、STICS,ITWILLBEDIFFICULTTOIDENTIFYTHETRUEMEANINGOFORIGINALTEXTWHATSMORE,ITHASAGREATIMPACTONTHEEXACTNESSOFTRANSLATION“ENDOFTHEWORLD世界末日“,WHENSEESUCHAPHRASE,CHINESEALWAYSHASAEASYUNDERSTANDINGTHATTHISISATIMEWHENADISASTERAROUNDTHECORNER,ANDTHEWHOLEWORLDWILLBEDESTROYEDHOWEVER,TOTHEENGLISH,ITISATIMEWHENTHE
37、JUSTICEISUPHELD,JUSTLIKETHEMEANINGOFACHINESESAYING“善有善报，恶有恶报“25VALUESANDIDEASOFBEAUTYVALUESANDIDEASOFBEAUTYDIFFERENTNATIONSFORMDIFFERENTVALUESINORDERTOMAKEVERSIONACCEPTABLE,THETRANSLATORMUSTPAYATTENTIONTOTHETWODIFFERENTVALUESWHENHEORSHEISTRANSLATINGFOREXAMPLE,THEENGLISHTAKE“HORSEHOEING“ASTHEPRINCIPA
38、LTHING,ANDTHEYHAVEDEEPFEELINGSTOTHEHORSESTHEREFORE,HORSEISASYMBOLOFDILIGENCEANDENDURANCEINENGLISHVALUES,JUSTLIKETHEENGLISHPHRASESAYS“ASSTRONGASAHORSE“BUTINCHINESEHISTORY,WEMAINLYDEPENDONCATTLETOPLOUGHINSTEADOFHORSECHINESELOVECATTLE,PRAISECATTLEALLBECAUSEOFITSHONESTANDTOLERANTNATUREACCORDINGTOCHINESE
39、VALUE,“ASSTRONGASAHORSE“SHOULDBETRANSLATEDAS“力大如牛“SUCHAVERSIONCANBEMORESUITABLEINADDITION,DIFFERENTIDEASOFBEAUTYALSOLIEINENGLISHANDCHINESEINCHINESE,THECOLOR“WHITE“STANDSFORSOLEMNITYANDCONDOLENCEWHILETHE“RED“ISFORTRADITIONALHAPPYEVENTSOWENAMEREDASMARRIAGE,ANDWHITEASFUNERALAFFAIRSBUTMOSTOFENGLISHARECO
40、NFUSEDABOUTTHECHINESEPHRASE“红白喜事“BECAUSEINTHEIRIDEASOFBEAUTY,WHITEISASYMBOLOFPURITY,SIMPLICITY,BRIGHTNESS,ANDHAPPINESSTHEYALWAYSUSEWHITETODECORATEWEDDINGS,ANDBLACKISTHEMATTEROFFUNERALAFFAIRSAGOODWAYTOTRANSLATEISTRYINGNOTTOCONVERTTHECOLOR“RED“OR“WHITE“DIRECTLY,LIKE“WEDDINGSANDFUNERALS“TOENGLISHPEOPLE
41、,IFSOMEONEASSOCIATES“WHITE“WITHTHEFUNERALAFFAIRS,ITWILLCAUSETHEIRDISGUSTMOREOVER,DIFFERENCEINIDEASOFBEAUTYALSOOCCURSINTHETRADEBRANDSFOREXAMPLE,THEREISALIPSTICKINCHINACALLED“芳芳“ACCORDINGTOOURCHINESEOPINION,FROMTHISWORDWECANIMAGINEABEAUTIFULGIRLWITHAPLEASANTAROMAAROUNDHERANDITSEEMSTHATWECANFEELTHESWEE
42、TSMELLBUTIFWEDIRECTLYTRANSLATEDITINTO“FANGFANG“,ITWILLBRINGTHEENGLISHASENSEOFFEARORHORRORWHYTHEREASONISTHATTHEWORD“FANG“HAPPENSTOANENGLISHWORDITSMEANINGSARE1ALONG,SHARPTOOTHOFADOG2ASNAKEWITHPOISONTEETHITISCONCEIVABLETHATTHEENGLISHCANNOTRELATETHEWORDTOAPRETTYGIRL,BUTASABRERATTLINGLIKEDOGORASNAKETHATF
43、ULLOFVENOMSOYOUCANIMAGINETHEMARKETPROSPECTANOTHERBRAND,AKINDOFBATTERYFOREXPORTNAMED“白象“,ITISEXACTLYRIGHTTOTRANSLATEITAS“WHITEELEPHANT“HOWEVER,“WHITEELEPHANT“ISAFIXEDPHRASEINENGLISHWITHAMEANINGOF“ABURDENSOMEPOSSESSION沉重负担“OR“SOMETHINGUSELESS无用而累赘的东西“FROMTHEABOVEEXAMPLESWECANSEETHEDIFFERENTREACTIONTOA
44、SAMECULTURALOBJECTDUETODIFFERENTIDEASOFBEAUTY26REGIONENVIRONMENTREGIONENVIRONMENTENGLANDANDCHINAAREINDIFFERENTGEOGRAPHICALLOCATIONS,ANDTHEREISABIGDIFFERENCEINCLIMATECHINAISLOCATEDINTHEASIANCONTINENT,THECONTINENTALCLIMATEMAKETHEDISTINCTFOURSEASONSINITSWESTERNPARTAREMANYHIGHMOUNTAINSWHILEINTHEEASTERNP
45、ART,ITISSURROUNDEDBYSEASTHEREFORE,THEEASTWINDMAKESUSFEELWARMORCOOL,BUTTHEWESTWINDAPIERCINGCOLDBECAUSEITCOMESFROMSIBERIAJUSTLIKEOUYANGXIUWROTEINHISPOETRY“把酒祝东风,且共从容。垂杨紫陌洛城来,总是当时携手处,游遍芳丛“ITDESCRIBEDAWONDERFULTIMEWITHAFINESCENERYTHATINTHEWARMEASTWIND,HEHADAHAPPYGETTOGETHERWITHHISFRIENDSINLUOYANGINCOMPA
46、RISON,ENGLANDLIESINTHENORTHTEMPERATEZONEOFTHEWESTERNHEMISPHEREITBELONGSTOMARINECLIMATEITSEASTWINDCOMESFROMTHENORTHPARTOFEUROPEANCONTINENT,ANDISEXTREMELYCOLDHOWEVER,ITSWESTWINDISFROMTHEATLANTICOCEAN,WARMANDCOMFORTABLEFORTHISREASON,THEENGLISHALWAYSPRAISETHEWESTWIND,THEMOSTFAMOUSONECOMESTOTHEENGLISHROM
47、ANTICPOETSHELLEYSODETOTHEWESTWIND西风颂,“IFWINTERCOMES,CANSPRINGBEFARBEHIND“ITDEPICTEDTHEPOETSHAPPYYEARNINGANDSTRONGBELIEFTOWARDTHEFUTUREALSODUETOTHEDIFFERENTGEOGRAPHICALLOCATIONS,CHINESEPREFERTOLAUDSPRINGTHEREAREWONDERFULFLOWERSEVERYWHEREINTHEWARMSPRING,THEWINDISMILDANDTHESUNISBRIGHTFORINSTANCE,ASENTE
48、NCEFROMAMASTERPIECEOFSONGQI“绿扬烟外晓云轻,红杏枝头春意闹“THEENGLISHPREFERTHESUMMER,ASSUMMERISGORGEOUSANDSPLENDIDTHERELIKEWILLIAMSHAKESPEAREWROTEINHISPOETRY“SHALLICOMPARETHEETOASUMMERSDAYTHOUARTMORELOVELYANDMORETEMPERATEROUGHWINDSDOSHAKETHEDARLINGBUDSOFMAY,ANDSUMMERSLEASEHATHALLTOOSHORTADATE“TOTHECHINESE,ATTHESAM
49、ETIME,LANDISANIMPORTANTMEANOFPRODUCTIONTHEREAREMANYWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSABOUTTHELANDFOREXAMPLE,“土崩瓦解TOCOLLAPSELIKEAHOUSEOFCARDS“BUTONECANNOTRELATEITTO“LAND“WHENTRANSLATINGBECAUSEENGLISHDONTHAVESUCHADEEPUNDERSTANDONITTOTHEM,THEYARECLOSELYLINKEDWITHOCEANASWEKNOW,ENGLANDISSURROUNDEDBYSEAFISHERMENMAKEALIVINGBYFISHING,SOMANYPHRASESABOUTMARINEFISHERYOCCURINENGLISH,SUCHAS“MISSTHEBOAT错过机会“,“KNOWTHEROPES懂得诀窍“,“ASEAOFDEBT大量债务“ANDSOONIFTHETRANSLATORSHAVEAGOODKNOWLEDGEOFDIFFERENTNATIONALGEOGRAPHICALCHARACTERISTICS,THEYCANTRANSLATEACCURATELYANDMAKETHEREADERSBETTERUND
