1、第 2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共 100分，共 10 小题，每小题 10 分）1. For some employers, the policy of lifelong employment is particularly important because it means that they can put money and effort into their staff (职员) training and make them loyal to the company. What they do is to select young people who have potential
2、(潜能) and who can be trained. They then give the young people the kinds of skills that will make them suitable employees for the company. In other words, they adjust their training to their particular needs.One recently employed graduate says that she is receiving a great deal of valuable training fr
3、om the company. “This means that I will be a loyal employee,“ she says. “And it also means that the company will want to keep me. I am an important investment for them. So the policy is a good one because it benefits both the employer and the employee.“Recently, however, attitudes towards lifelong e
4、mployment are beginning to change. Employees are slowly beginning to accept the idea that lifelong employment is not always in their best interest and that changing firms can have career advantages.(1). The purpose of lifelong employment is to_.A. adjust the needs of the company to its employees B.
5、make employees loyal to their company C. select the best skilled young employeesD. keep the skilled staff satisfied(2). By training its employees, a company can make them_.A. do their work more easilyB. more interested in their work C. willing to invest money into the company D. possess the necessar
6、y qualities for the job(3). Talking about the training she has received, a recently employed graduate has the view that_.A. it is still well-received by all the staff members todayB. it is valuable to the employer and the employeeC. it is helpful for attracting young employeesD. it is both useful an
7、d interesting(4). Attitudes towards lifelong employment are changing because_.A. job changes have career advantagesB. its boring to work in only one company C. only the employer benefits from such employmentD. stable employment seldom offers better opportunities(5). The passage is mainly about_.A. l
8、ifelong training of employees B. policies of lifelong employment C. attitudes towards lifelong employment D. emloyers interest in lifelong employment2. Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of liv
9、ing things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the
10、choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von R
11、eis asks: “Only the three major cereals （谷物类食物） and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the worlds human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing
12、something?“ After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth.(1). In prehistoric times people_.A. ate much more than we do todayB. lived mainly on plant foodC. had a wide-ranging dietD. were more fussy about what they ate(2). Most of us have come to expect_.A. no variation in our dietB. a redu
13、ction in food suppliesC. a specialist dietD. food conforming to a set standard(3). The specialization of food was started by_.A. the emergence of supermarketsB. the rise of agricultureC. the rich countriesD. the modern shops(4). According to the passage, people in the West today survive on_.A. carro
14、ts and tomatoesB. several thousand types of plants and cerealsC. a very small number of cultivated foodsD. special species planted one thousand years ago(5). The conclusion seems to be that we_.A. could make use of more natural speciesB. dont cultivate the right kind of foodC. produce more food than
15、 we needD. cultivate too many different species3. There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individu
16、al will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never atta
17、in the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the s
18、ame. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster (抚养) homes. Peter was reared (抚养) by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to coll
19、ege. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher
20、 than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.(1). This selection can be titled_.A. Measuring Your Intelligence B. Intelligence and Environment C. The Case of Pete
21、r and Mark D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence(2). The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that_.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenceD. a p
22、erson who is handicapped environmentally will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable(3). According to the passage, the average I.Q. is_.A. 85B. 100C. 125D. unknown(4). The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_.A. individuals with identical brains se
23、ldom test at the same levelB. an individuals intelligence is determined solely by his environment C. children reared under average conditions possess average intelligence D. lack of opportunity hinders the growth of intelligence(5). This passage suggests that an individuals I.Q._.A. can be increased
24、 by educationB. can be predicted at birth C. is inherited from his parents D. is determined by his childhood4. I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although, I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded qu
25、ite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I had not the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.It had been snowing heavily that day and I did not know th
26、e way. I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place. He was standing there, waiting for me. It seemed Milly had died. “She meant more to me than anyoneeven my wife!” he said. I could see that he had been crying. I thought something terrible had taken place, a possible scand
27、al(丑闻). I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn(厩). “I wouldnt leave her out in the cold!” he said.Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door. He lifted his candle and I saw
28、 a dark figure on the ground. “She was such a good cow! I wouldnt let anyone but a doctor touch her!” he said, and burst into tears again.(1). The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means _.A. 期望 B. 理解 C. 开出 D. 制作(2). Before he arrived at the farmers house, the writer expected to see
29、Milly lying _.A. on the ground of a barn B. on the floor of a room C. in bed in a room D. in bed in a barn(3). What do we know about Milly from the story?A. She had met an accident. B. She had caused a scandal. C. She was seriously ill D. She was hidden somewhere. (4). 4. The farmer wished that the
30、writer might _.A. look into(调查) the matter B. bring Milly back to life C. free him from a scandal D. keep the whole thing a secret 5. There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more c
31、apable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envi
32、ronmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being ident
33、ical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster (抚养) homes. Peter was reared (抚养) by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational o
34、pportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were give
35、n tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.(1). This selection can be titled_.
