1、11英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化 that 引，一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一 基本讲解 来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做 V 谓/ 介词短语的宾语。e.g. He said, “I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)1.引导词(1) that 引导宾语从
2、句时，通常用陈述句充当, that 可省略。e.g. She said, “I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there.They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。e.g. “Are you interested in geography?” she said.She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder if /
3、whether she has told the new to Li Lei .Im not sure whether he will come or not.22注意：一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外a. 介词短语后只用 whether 不用 ife.g. We are talking about whether well go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时，只用 whether.e.g. I cant say whether or not he will come on timec. if 当如果讲时,引导的是
4、条件状语从句，表示如果，不能用whether.e.g. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。e.g. What do you want? He asked. He asked me what I wanted.I have no
5、idea where he is now. I dont know how to deal with it.He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.对比下列句子，看 what 做什么成分：He asked what was the wrong/matter with me. （what 做主语）He doesnt know what to do now. (做宾语 )He asked me who he was. (who 做表语)332.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制e.g. Do you know if/
6、whether he has seen the film?Im sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态She didnt know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）I wondere
7、d when she was going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：e.g. He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us（seeing is believing.）3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell
8、 me）Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.）He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me whats the matter/wrong with you?二、宾语从句的转化441.当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish ，decide ，forget ，plan，agree 等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：e.g. She agreed that she could help
9、 me with my math. She agreed to help me with my math.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。如：e.g. She forgot what she should take. she forgot to take it3. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：e.g. She found that the
10、wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三否定转移e.g. I dont think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷常用词：believe ，suppose 等四注意问题和易错点1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（ whether 是否，if 是否/ 如果）3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢e.g. I dont know who she is looking
11、at.(容易丢了 at )4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从，只用于宾从）5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句e.g. Jim didnt know what was wrong with his computer.55宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you w
12、ill leave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him.A.
13、that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _. A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who h
14、e is8.Ask him _ .A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is thisC. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been il
15、l C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow6612.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.
16、Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Chris
17、tmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when
18、was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do
19、it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money77能力提高练习1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; W
20、hether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?
21、A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what
22、 time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children dont know _. A. w
23、hat is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. I dont know _ he will be back home. A. who B. wha
24、t C. when D. where12. Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in13. Do you still remember _?88A. that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say14. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did
25、she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left15. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen16. They tried to find out _ the new train _.A. how far/ had gone B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went D. how far / had run17. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the ma
26、tter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter18. Can you tell me _?A. what are you doing B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it19. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen20.No one tells us
27、_，so we need your help.A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it99直击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell_ _. .A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant found D. how do eleph
28、ants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know _. .A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late.-Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. ?A. why you are
29、 late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ?-Bus No.32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter sa
30、ys that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _ _. .A. where they have been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone6. -Do you know _the Capital Museum? -Next Friday.A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited7. He wanted
31、to know _the English party.A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know _. .A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9. -David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _. ?-He is a doctor.A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is11. -I wonder _ without water 1010-About a week.A. how long man can live B. how long can man live C. when man can live D. when can man live
