1、1GWD-TN-14: Verbal Section-1. GWD-18-Q1The Arthritis Research Institute of America advises women of color that they have twice the likelihood to get osteoarthritis of the knee as do White women.A. that they have twice the likelihood to get osteoarthritis of the knee as do White womenB. that they are
2、 twice as likely as White women to get osteoarthritis of the kneeC. that their likelihood of getting osteoarthritis of the knee is twice as much as White womenD. of being twice as likely as White women to get osteoarthritis of the kneeE. of having twice the likelihood of getting osteoarthritis of th
3、e knee as White women-2. GWD17-Q9: （CD-9 Q10）Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the Presidents recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects c
4、anceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the Presidents choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.Which of the following is an assumption on which the
5、 press secretarys argument depends?A. Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.B. The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the Pres
6、idents party.C. The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.D. The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the Presidents party were not generally more expensive than the project
7、s canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.E. Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.-3. TT-GWD 2-33When an active tooth in the sharks jaws is lost or worn down, many spare teeth l
8、ie in seemingly limitless reserve, each of which are ready to slide into the appropriate position.A. When an active tooth in the sharks jaws is lost or worn down, many spare teeth lie in seemingly limitless reserve, each of which are ready to slide into the appropriate position.B. Whenever an active
9、 tooth is lost or worn down, many spare teeth lie in seemingly limitless reserve in the sharks jaws, which are each ready to slide into the appropriate position.C. Many spare teeth lie in seemingly limitless reserve in the sharks jaws, each one of which are ready to slide into the appropriate positi
10、on when an active tooth is lost or worn down.D. The many spare teeth lying in seemingly limitless reserve in the sharks jaws, each one of which is ready to slide into the appropriate position whenever an active tooth is lost or worn down.E. In the sharks jaws, many spare teeth lie in seemingly limit
11、less reserve, each one ready to slide into the appropriate position whenever an active tooth is lost or worn down.-2Q4Q7:GWD-18-Q3-Q6The idea that equipping homes with electrical appliances and other “modern” household technologies would eliminate drudgery, save labor time, and increase leisure for
12、women who were full-time home workers remained largely unchallenged until the womens movement of the 1970s spawned the groundbreaking and influential works of sociologist Joann Vanek and historian Ruth Cowan. Vanek analyzed 40 years of time- use surveys conducted by home economists to argue that ele
13、ctrical appliances and other modern household technologies reduced the effort required to perform specific tasks, but ownership of these appliances did not correlate with less time spent on housework by full-time home workers. In fact, time spent by these workers remained remarkably constant at abou
14、t 52 to 54 hours per week from the 1920s to the 1960s, a period of significant change in household technology. In surveying two centuries of household technology in the United States, Cowan argued that the “industrialization” of the home often resulted in more work for full-time home workers because
15、 the use of such devices as coal stoves, water pumps, and vacuum cleaners tended to reduce the workload of married-womens helpers (husbands, sons, daughters, and servants) while promoting a more rigorous standard of housework. The full-time home workers duties also shifted to include more household
16、management, child care, and the post-Second World War phenomenon of being “Moms taxi.”-Q4: GWD-18-Q3According to the passage, which of the following is true about the idea mentioned in line1?A. It has been undermined by data found in time-use surveys conducted by home economists.B. It was based on a
17、 definition of housework that was explicitly rejected by Vanek and Cowan.C. It is more valid for the time period studied by Cowan than for the time period studied by Vanek.D. It is based on an underestimation of the time that married women spent on housework prior to the industrialization of the hou
18、sehold.E. It inaccurately suggested that new household technologies would reduce the effort required to perform housework.-Q5: GWD-18-Q4:The passage is primarily concerned withA. analyzing a debate between two scholarsB. challenging the evidence on which a new theory is basedC. describing how certai
19、n scholars work countered a prevailing viewD. presenting the research used to support a traditional theoryE. evaluating the methodology used to study a particular issue-Q6: GWD-18-Q5Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 21-26 (“In fact, time in household technol
20、ogy”)? A. It offers an alternative interpretation of a phenomenon described in the previous sentence (lines 12-20).B. It provides the specific evidence on which an argument described in the previous sentence (lines 12-20) is based.C. It shifts the focus of the argument developed earlier in the passa
21、ge.D. It introduces evidence that has not been taken into account by Vanek and Cowan.E. It introduces a topic for discussion that will be developed in the rest of the passage.-Q7: GWD-18-Q6The passage suggests that Vanek and Cowan would agree that modernizing household technology did not3A. reduce t
22、he workload of servants and other household helpersB. raise the standard of housework that women who were full-time home workers set for themselvesC. decrease the effort required to perform household tasksD. reduce the time spent on housework by women who were full-time home workersE. result in a sa
23、vings of money used for household maintenance4Q8Q10：GWD-18-Q8 to Q10:The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacitythe ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in ones own mindas distinct from the capacity
24、simply to use information acquired through past experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al. developed criteria to test for episodic memory in animals. According to these criteria, episodic memories are not of individual bits of information; they involve multiple components of a single event “bound” to
25、gether. Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information. In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity. Claytons experiment required jays to remember the type,
26、location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event. Crickets were stored in one location and peanuts in another. Jays prefer crickets, but crickets degrade more quickly. Claytons birds switched their preference from crickets to peanuts once the food had been stored for a certain
27、 length of time, showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when. Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information. Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.-8. GWD-18-Q8Acco
28、rding to the passage, part of the evidence that scrub jays can bind information is that theyA. showed by their behavior that they were reexperiencing the pastB. used information acquired through past experiencesC. assessed the freshness of food that had been stored by other jaysD. remembered what ki
29、nd of food was stored in a particular locationE. recollected single bits of information about sources of food-9. GWD-18-Q9It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree thatA. the food preferences of the scrub jays in Claytons experiment are difficult to explainB. the
30、 presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behaviorC. Claytons experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memoryD. Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of info
31、rmationE. Claytons experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jays memories-10. GWD-18-Q10In order for Claytons experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?A. Some
32、of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.B. All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.C. The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.D. When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented f
33、rom eating it.E. Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.511. GWD17-Q11: Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the Arctic and are displacing birds of less vigorous species. Alt
34、hough snow geese are a popular quarry for hunters in the southern regions where they winter, the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates. Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.Which of t
35、he following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?A. Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese.B. It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than
36、 the scheduled date.C. The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years.D. As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons.E. In the snow gooses winter habitats, the goose faces no s
37、ignificant natural predation.-12. GWD17-Q12:Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years, excepting for the domains of administration and teaching, the English language was never really spoken on the island.A. excepting forB. except inC. but except inD. but excepting forE. with the exception
38、of-13. GWD-18-Q13Eurasian watermilfoil, a weed not native to Frida Lake, has reproduced prolifically since being accidentally introduced there. In order to eliminate the weed, biologists proposed treating infested parts of the lake with a certain herbicide that is nontoxic for humans and aquatic ani
39、mals. However, the herbicide might damage populations of certain rare plant species that the lake contains. For this reason local officials rejected the proposal.Which of the following, if true, points out the most serious weakness in the officials grounds for rejecting the biologists proposal?A. Th
40、e continuing spread of Eurasian watermilfoil in Frida Lake threatens to choke out the lakes rare plant species.B. Because of ecological conditions prevailing in its native habitat, Eurasian watermilfoil is not as dominant there as it is in Frida Lake.C. The proliferation of Eurasian watermilfoil in
41、Frida Lake has led to reductions in the populations of some species of aquatic animals.6D. Although Eurasian watermilfoil could be mechanically removed from Frida Lake, eliminating the weed would take far longer this way than it would using herbicides.E. Unless Eurasian watermilfoil is completely el
42、iminated from Frida Lake, it will quickly spread again once herbicide treatments or other control measures cease.-14. GWD17-Q14:在争议！Whereas lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, in the Internet industry they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that compete
43、 one day may be partners the next.A. Whereas lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, in the Internet industry they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that competeB. Although the lines of competition are clearly defined in industries that are more establishe
44、d, they are blurred and indistinct in the Internet industry, as competing companiesC. The lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, unlike the Internet where they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that competeD. Unlike more established industries, where the
45、lines of competition are clearly defined, they are burred and indistinct in the Internet industry, as companies that competeE. Unlike more established industries, with clearly defined lines of competition, those of the Internet industry are blurred and indistinct, as competing companies-15. GWD-18-Q15Fact: Asthma, a bronchial condition, is much less common ailment than hay fever, an allergic inflammation of the nasa
