1、时态的基本判定方式：一、时间状语同时态的关系：一般情况下，简单句可根据句中的时间状语确定谓语动词的时态。其判定方式如下：1、句中含有 yesterday; last year（last + 具体时间）; two days ago（一段时间 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 过去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend 等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般过去时；2、句中含有 tomorrow; next week（next +具体时间）; in two hours（in +一段时间）; (how) soon; f
2、rom now on; 10 years from now（一段时间+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +将来的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend 等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；3、句中既有 yesterday 等过去时间状语，又有一个具体时间点（at 5:00; this time; at that time）时，谓语动词用过去进行时；4、句中含有 recentl
3、y; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）; over the years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005（since+具体时间或从句）; for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；5、by (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before（一段时间+before）; for 和 since 说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从句（过去时态）等时间状语时，
4、谓语动词用过去完成时；6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如 now; today; these days 等词），其时态的判定一般按以下步骤进行：- 句中是否含有表示频率关系的词。如有，用一般现在时；- 句子是否说明客观规律。如是，用一般现在时；- 句中动词是否表示状况。如是，用一般现在时；- 句中动词是否为延续性动态动词。如是，用现在进行时；- 句中动词是否为完成性动词（瞬间动词）。如是，用现在完成时。二、主从句时态的一致性原则：主从复合句可根据其时态一致性原则，通过主从句中任意一个句子的时态确定另外一个句子的时态；含有时间状语从句的主从句还可通过其
5、引导词所表示的不同时间关系，确定主句和从句的时态。三、通过上下文关系判定时态：另外我们还可以根据并列谓语的时态一致性原则、问句和答语的时态一致关系、无转折时间的短文时态一致原则等上下文时态的关联以及句子的逻辑关系来判定句子中谓语动词的时态。Exercise( )1. What _ you _ over the weekend?A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do D. were,; doing( )2. Xiao Li usually _ to school by bike last year.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is g
6、oing( )3. What _ in our town 100 years from now?A. happened B. is happened C. has happened D. will happen( )4. Mr. Smith _ to see you in an hour.A. came B. has comeC. will come D. comes( )5. _ you _ from your parents recently?A. Did; hear B. Have; heard C. Do; hear D. Will; hear( )6. We _ TV at home
7、 this time last night.A. were watching B. watched C. have watched D. would watch( )7. We _ over 1500 English words by the end of last month.A. have learned B. had learned C. will learn D. learnt( )8. She _ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live( )9. She
8、_ in Shanghai for ten years. A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live( )10. We all know that the earth _ round the sun.A. goes B. went C. is going D. will go( )11. “Where are the boys?” “They _ soccer on the playground.”A. play B. are playing C. were playing D. played( )12. Look! Lucy _ under
9、 the tree.A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. read( )13. He _ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.A. has collected B. had collected C. collected D. will collect( )14. Jim _ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night.A. had written B. wrote C. would write D. was writing( )15. The Smi
10、ths _ in Beijing since two weeks ago.A. stayed B. were staying C. would stay D. have stayed( )16. “When _ you _ the bike?” “Last Monday.”A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; buy D. do; buy( )17. Look! The boy _English now. A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. was liking( )18. Most students in our class
11、 _ TV twice a week.A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. are watching( )19. How soon _ they _ back from work?A. do; come B. did; come C. have; come D. will; come( )20. “Where _ you _ Mr. Li?” “In his office, half an hour ago.”A. will; see B. did; see C. have, seen D. do; see( )21. I _ a new dictionar
12、y. Look! Its very useful.A. bought B. will buy C. have bought D. would buy( )22. I wont watch the movie tonight. I _ it before.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. had seen( )23. Hello! I _ know you _ in Chengdu. How long have you been here?A. didnt; were B. dont are C. didnt; are D. dont; were( )24.
13、He _ a fire and then cooked a meal.A. had made B. was making C. made D. has made( )25. If I _ time tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandfather.A. have B. will have C. would have D. am having( )26. Im going to be a doctor when I _ up.A. grow B. will grow C. grew D. am growing( )27. The film _ on for
14、five minutes when I got to the cinema.A. has been B. had been C. was D. is( )28. She _ dinner when her son came in.A. has cooked B. had cooked C. was cooking D. would cook( )29. The train _ when we got to the station. We had to wait for the next one.A. has left B. had left C. left D. was leaving( )3
15、0. He said that he _ to the barbers tomorrow morning.A. will go B. went C. is going D. would go)31. In the last years I _ a lot of friends.A. have made B. made C. will make D. was making( )32. The boys _ for about two hours.A. are playing soccer B. have been playing soccerC. were playing D. play soc
16、cer( )33. He _ so quickly that he could win the race.A. is running B. will run C. ran D. had run( )34. He didnt go there with us because he _ there before.A. has been B. had been C. went D. would go( )35. I dont know if he _ tomorrow. If he _, I will tell you.A. will come; will come B. comes; comesC
17、. will come; comes D. comes; will come( )36. When I was young, my mother told me that the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rises C. rose D. had risen( )37. “_ you _ your work?” “Yes. I finished it an hour ago.”A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Will; finish D. Had; finished( )38. Hurry up, or you _ the
18、 early bus.A. will miss B. has missed C. would miss D. missed( )39. I _ Mr. Green while I _ along the street last Sunday.A. met; walked B. was meeting; walkedC. met; was walking D. was meeting; was walking( )40. Tom is strong and he _ to school every day.A. walked B. walks C. will walk D. has walked
19、( )41. He said that he _ with Mr. Black at that time.A. talked B. was talking C. is talking D. would talk( )42. We _ English in this school since we came here.A. have studied B. studied C. had studied D. were studying( )43. She _ at home until her mother came back.A. has stayed B. stayed C. had stay
20、ed D. will stay( )44. There will be an interesting movie _ two days.A. for B. in C. after D. since( )45. She _ there until I came back.A. didnt leaveB. has stayed C. left D. was staying( )46. It has been raining _ two hours ago.A. until B. for C. since D. by( )47. His father _ since he was two years
21、 old.A. has died B. died C. has death D. has been dead( )48. The meeting _ for ten minutes when I got there yesterday.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. had been on( )49. He had collected over 500 stamps _ he was twelve years old.A. since B. for C. until D. by the time( )50. I was doing my h
22、omework _ she rang me up last night.A. when B. while C. since D. before( )51. “Where is John?” “He _ the library.”A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been at( )52. How long _ you _ the computer?A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have ; had D. will; buy( )53. She _ Shanghai for two days.A
23、. left B. has left C. will leave D. has been away from( )54. He didnt tell me anything about it _ he left.A. since B. until C. by the time D. while( )55. She _ China since she was five years old.A. has come toB. has arrived at C. has arrived in D. has been in( )56. I had finished my homework _ I wat
24、ched TV last night.A. before B. after C. when D. until( )57. Miss White has been _ the music club for 4 years.A. joining B. join C. joined D. in( )58. What do you think he will _ ten years?A. be for B. be at C. be to D. be in( )59. There _ two football games in our school next week.A. is going to be
25、 B. will have C. will be D. is going to have( )60. They _ a birthday party next Friday afternoon.A. is going to be B. will be C. will have D. is going to have( )61. How long have you _ the pen?A. kept B. bought C. borrowed D. got( )62. I _ Mr. Brown since I left Shanghai in 2004.A. have seen B. saw
26、C. havent seen D. didnt see( )63. You dont have to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet( )64. I _ a cold for five days. I still cant get rid of it.A. caught B. had C. have caughtD. have had( )65. What _ you _ at nine oclock that morning?A. are; doing B. did; do C
27、. were; doingD. had; done( )66. What _ you _ by nine oclock that morning?A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doingD. had; done( )67. The sign _, “ No Parking!” A. readsB. was readC. is readingD. read( )68. “_ you _ your lunch?” “Yes. I _ it at school.”A. Did; have; have had B. Have; had; hadC. Did; ha
28、ve; had D. Have; had; have( )69. Lily _ for her mother until she _ home.A. will wait; will come B. wont wait; comesC. will wait; comes D. waits; will come( )70. “Mr. Brown is leaving for a trip.” “Really? Where _ he _?”A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go( )71. Tom, you _ the book for two
29、 weeks. You have to return it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept( )72. “Have you mended your shoes?” “Yes. I _ it twenty minutes ago.”A. have mended B. mended C. had mended D. will mend( )73. Mr. Smith _ to China last year and _ in love with her.A. goes; falls B. went; fell C. wen
30、t; felt D. has gone; fell( )74. If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, _.A. he will, too B. he wont, either C. he does, tooD. he doesnt, either( )75. “Shall we go watching the match?” “Sorry, I cant. I _ my homework.”A. do B. have done C. am doing D. did( )76. The children wont go hiking if it _ ne
31、xt Sunday.A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining( )77. “_ you _ to Japan?” “Yes. I will go there next month.”A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Are; going D. Did; go( )78. When I got there, the film _ for five minutes.A. had been on B. had begun C. was beginning D. began( )79. Dont open the door un
32、til the bus _.A. will stop B. doesnt stop C. is stopping D. stops( )80. “_ you _ to Japan?” “Yes. We went there last year.”A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Are; going过去将来时1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; com
33、e 2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend 3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party
34、on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take 6. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables. A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown 7
35、. She _ to work when the telephone rang. A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to goII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year. 4. The scientists said the
36、 worlds population _ (slow) down in future. 5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning. 6. I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning. 7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight. 8. Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. 及物动词和不及物动词指出下列各句中划线部分是
37、什么动词，并说明词义，例如：All of us study hard.（vi. 学习）1、He began to work at seven this morning.（ ）2、I have left the key at home.（ ）3、We must take the old woman to the hospital at once.（ ）4、Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.（ ）5、Think it over, and you will have a good idea.（ ）6、Dont think of yourse
38、lf ；think of others.（ ）8、Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school late again.（ ）9、Please wash your hands before each meal.（ ）10、Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school.（ ）延续性和非延续性动词1、Alice has (come, been) back for a week.2、His grandmother has (been dead, died) for ten ye
39、ars.3、When we got to the cinema, the film had (begun, been on) for a few minutes.4、The lights have (turned on, been on) for over half a day.5、Have you (bought, had) the book on grammar for a week? Yes, since last Sunday.1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had
40、 left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. mad
41、e D. have become 5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. ha
42、s become C. was D. became 9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought
43、C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been 17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on 18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B
