1、 2018 年考研英语二试题与答案解析 (完整版)跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Becaus
2、e humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scienti
3、sts at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half o
4、f the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks
5、than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter,says Christopher H
6、see of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final exp
7、eriment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking
8、 about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.“Hsee says.In other words,dont read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise B.last C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review
9、 D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn fro
10、m D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. wh
11、ether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that S
12、tephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When di
13、d it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied
14、 desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype.that its f
15、or kids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new p
16、rinciple.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelors degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the job
17、s in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is van
18、ishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them.Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one
19、-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nations diversiy of gifts.21.【题干】A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.【题干】There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.A.are financ
20、ially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.【题干】We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturingC.used to have more job opportunitiesD.used to
21、 have big financial concerns24.【题干】The headlong push into bachelois degrees for all_.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.【题干】The authors attitude toward K
22、oziateks school can be described as_.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply,itsclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is pi
23、cking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.
24、The cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes
25、. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.Presiden
26、t Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states ele
27、ctricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine?“ has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity
28、of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now. this massive investment could change t
29、he picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesnt do- to promote altern
30、ative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.26.【题干】The word “plummeting“(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to _【选项】A.stabilizing B.changing C.falling D.rising27. 【题干】According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America _【选项】A. is progressing notablyB. is as e
31、xtensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. 【题干】It can be learned that in Iowa,_.【选项】A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. 【题干】Whic
32、h of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the l
33、ast paragraph that renewable energy _.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost30.【题干】 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable
34、energy _.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countries B. will accelerate global environmental change C. is not really encouraged by the US government D. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing Amazon has
35、just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of
36、its users friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to wh
37、om was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops ft owns, but the r
38、ecords of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay for them. The users of
