1、1主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)一、考点、热点回顾（1） 、主谓一致的定义 “主谓一致 ”是指谓语动词与主语必须在 人称、数上 保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如 are, were, have 等，主语是单数，谓语要用 单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。（2）它通常依据三项原则：1） 语法一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。因此也成为形式一致原则。 1he li
2、kes English.2we all like English1.由 and 连接的两个主语(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。E.g: My English teacher and my class-teacher are talking with each other.(2) 如果指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 E.g: My English teacher and class-teacher is Miss Wang.由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no， each， every， more than a （an
3、） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。E.g: Many a boy and many a girl Every boy and every girl Each boy and each girl wants to see the film.No boy and no girlMore than a boy and more than a girl2. 如果主语是不定式，动词 ing 形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 What he is doing seems very important. 收集邮票是他的爱好。Collecting
4、stamps is his hobby.由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若在主系表结结构中表语是复数What he left to me were some books. wh-从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to me.What he thought and did at home have nothing to do with this problem.23、 主语为单数名词或代词
5、，尽管后面跟有 with， together with， along with, except， but，besides，in addition to, like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。with as well astogether with / along withTim besides/ except/but/in addition to +ten boys playing basketball.likeincluding r
6、ather thanno less than4. 在定语从句时，关系代词 that， who， which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1) He is one of my friends who are working hard. 2) He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family， class， police, team, group, nation, government,等。The
7、 class is the best one in the class.The class are taking notes.The family is a happy one.The family are music lovers.6. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of , the rest of, most of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“ 分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要 根据短语中后面名词的数而定。1) There are a lot of people in the cl
8、assroom. 2) The rest of the lecture is wonderful.注意：a number of “许多” ，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of “的数量”，修饰可数名词单数或可数名词复数，主语是 number，谓语用单数。7. people, cattle 作主语是，谓语动词只能用复数。The cattle are eating the grass.8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。1) There comes the bus. 2) On the wall are many pictures. 3概念(意义) 一致原则是
9、指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。1. 形复意单名词如: news; 以 ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如 : the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights(一千零一夜); 以及 the United Nations 等作主语; 谓语动词要用单数. 2. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用 复
10、数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。My shoes is dirty.The pair of shoes looks beautifull. I like it very much.3. 表示 “时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体.100 miles is a long distance.Fifty-six dollars was stolen by a thief.表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。On
11、e and a half apples is （ are） left on the table. 4. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。1)Twelve plus eight is twenty. 2) Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.5. a（this ） kind of ,a pair of , a series of, a set of, a crowd of+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1) A series of TV show is instructive .2) This kind of men
12、is dangerous.注意： Men of this kind are dangerous .6. 单复同形的名词，如: means, sheep, deer, species, aircraft, series, works(工厂)，Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese 等作主语表复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。 反之，谓语动词用单数。1) Every means has been tried .2) All possible means have been tried .7. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时 ,谓语通常用复数
13、;这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb 等4就近一致1. There be 句型 Be 可以由 exist/ stand/ lie/ seem 代替There has been a bookThere have been books.2. 用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致. Not only the studen
14、ts but also Miss Wang likes English.Neither the students nor Miss Wang likes English.Either the students or Miss Wang likes English.（1） Bill was standing at the side of the car， talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. （ （全国卷）（2） Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong
15、 but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. （全国卷）（3） Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. （全国卷）（4） But then there is always more mysteries to look into. （ （北京春季卷）（5） But not all information are good to society. （广西卷） w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m（6） So then， a concert cost so mu
16、ch. I may just listen to music. （ （年四川卷）（7） If I listen to my own records， there are no need to spend money. （四川卷）（8） you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. （浙江卷）（10） One evening she told me that something happened when their paren
17、ts was out. （福建卷）三、模拟单句演练 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m（1） Her parents were in Shanghai， and so was his.（2） As is known to us all， remembering English words are not easy.（3） The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.（4） Writing English and speaking it is different things.（5） It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bicycle.（6） What he said at the meeting were very important to us.
