1、综合学术英语教程 3 答案Unit 1 DefinitionKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Definition Reading1 Great Leaps in Modern Technology2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge are used for the study of a particular science. For example, the
2、science of energy can have technology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can beused for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights. From the following website: http:/ #ixzz37toZQcug Task 2 Understanding Lectures through Defini
3、tionListening 1 1. phobia, hypnophobia, cynophobia, aerophobia 2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F 3. PhobiaCharacteristics 1 an extreme, irrational responseCharacteristics 2 long-lastingCharacteristics 3 uncontrollableTerms DefinitionHypnophobia fear of sleepCynophobia fear of dogsAerophobia
4、 fear of flyingCauses of PhobiaFirst theory Phobia is the problem itself; it is learned.Second theory Phobia is a sign of a deeper problem a person has.Task 3 Reading Definition Articles 1. 1) Indigenous knowledge means knowledge belonging to the country, rather than being brought there from another
5、 country. 2) All the list items will probably be included since the title is rather broad and general. 3) For open discussion 2. 1) International knowledge system. 2) Knowledge capital, physical and financial capital. 3) It contains the skills, experiences and insights of people, applied to maintain
6、 or improve their 4) Medicine and veterinary medicine. 5) It is considered the social capital, meaning an essential resource for survival and means of sustenance and livelihood. 6) a) It is inappropriate for new challenges or it adapts too slowly; b) The introduction of foreign technologies or devel
7、opment concepts that promise short-term gains or solutions to problems that they cannot sustain. 7) Agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic veterinary medicine, primary health care, preventive medicine and psychosocial care, saving and lending. 8) A higher variance of traits, less susceptible to th
8、e frequent droughts, reduce risks. 9) a) Indigenous knowledge is vital for its bearers; b) Become fully aware of its value and contributions to the intended objectives; c) It is an integral part of global knowledge in its own right. 10) An integration or combination of indigenous knowledge and forei
9、gn knowledge. Reading 2 Indigenous Knowledge 3. 1) r. override 2) j. expertise 3) d. intimate 4) a. unanimous 5) g. intrusion 6) u. dissemination 7) c. insights 8) l. susceptible 9) n. incorporating 10) f. vanish 11) m. interaction 12) s. scenario 13) i. detrimental 14) p. implement 15) k. alleviati
10、on 16) b. encompass 17) o. validate 18) h. impending 19) e. interweave 20) t. rational 4. For reference: The two articles both employ definitions for the introduction of the terms and examples to validate each facet. Both use classifications, descriptions, comparison and contrast for further analysi
11、s. One big difference lies in the perspective to view the title, with the first a rather holistic discussion ranging from the status quo to the settlement of the existing problems and the second a partial focus on chiefly its applications. Reading 3 Ultrasonics 5. 1) component 2) accumulate 3) spher
12、ical 4) navigate 5) fatigue 6) harness 7) version 8) synonymous 9) inhibit 10) integrity 11) uniform 12) detect 13) incidence 14) monitor 15) probe 16) intensity 17) convert 18) proceed 19) visualize 20) inspect 6. Attention: there is a mistake here, the first should be Para. K Para. Ke Para. Ba Par
13、a. Cc Para. Df Para. Eh Para. Fd Para. Gj Para. Hi Para. Ib Para. Jg 7. 1) E 2) F 3) Para. E 4) E 5) F 6) Para. H 7) Para. H 8) E 8. For open discussion Task 4 Writing an Essay of Definition Reading 4 Disruptive Technologies 1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Supporting DetailsI ADefinition: Disruptive
14、technologies are technological innovations which disrupt or change the status quo and the market for particular technologies. Examples: flash memory, digital photography, compressed air batteries, gesture-based interfacesII B Significance: generate a substantial improvement over existing technology
15、Classification: 1) low-market 2) new-market C First Classification: both low-and new-market Examples: digital cameraD Second Classification: new-market Examples: telephoneE Third Classification: low-market Examples: netbookIIIFConclusion: It is anything but easy to predict when a disruptive technolo
16、gy will work wonders. The best policy is to integrate investment, research and development once such technology turns out effective.5. For reference only 1) Natural breathing will be provided by the robot for the patient during surgery. 2) The pressure will have to be reduced by us. 3) All instrumen
17、ts need to be sterilized. 4) For us, some physical and technical factors may be considered/ taken into consideration. 5) If we make sustained efforts, there is a chance that the environment will be improved. 6) Some specific demands of the scientific establishment have to be made. 7) The presence of
18、 the country has been felt more than ever by the whole world. 8) It seems that other explanations are hard to be found. 9) The interaction between organism and environment is being perceived. 10) The tests work most effectively if what will be measured can be most precisely defined. Integrated Exerc
19、ises 2. 1) component 2) integrity 3) mobilize 4) option 5) monitor 6) navigate 7) encompass 8) compromise 9) incorporate 10) implement 11) impending 12) scenario 3. 1) The survey encompasses social, political, and economic aspects of the situation. 2) In some countries power is synonymous with corru
20、ption. 3) The strike shut down many airports, but international f lights were unaffected. 4) The scenery is beautiful but inaccessible to most ordinary travelers. 5) The conflict deprived him of the means of livelihood. 6) Such animals can withstand the extremes of weather. 7) The rise in the time s
21、pent on the Internet is concomitant with the massive loss of sociability. 8) Many inventions such as gunpowder and the compass originated in China. 9) The frequency of mining accidents has decreased over the past 10 years. 10) The maximum number of places offered by the medical school for the applic
22、ants is 15. 5. 1) Scientists should warn people about PM 2.5 and the need to restrict their childrens outdoor activities to avoid even the minimal damage. 2) The local government has implemented a development program for the mountain climbers to leave the surrounding region unaffected. 3) We can red
23、uce the risks to zero since we are sure of what risks they are running. 4) To combat your anxiety, you should compel yourself to visualize a promising future in which a problem has already been settled. 5) He holds that developed countries should be held accountable for economic growth on a global s
24、cale. 6) Trash is not yet fully utilized, leading to overlooking the potential in it. 7) A large number of females choose the option of personal finance to achieve control of their own lives. 8)The university has decided to invest in the project because it has many technical advantages over other si
25、milar ones. 9) Trees can provide shelter for both man and animals, which we tend to overlook. 10) We are trying to achieve a sound understanding of liberal arts courses, which encompasses a wide range of subjects.Listening 2 A. (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) T B. (1) Clouding computing is a
26、bout the provision of computer resources like SaaS, PaaS, and infrastructure provision while private computing isnt. (2) 67. (3) Because the Industrial Revolution is not a thing, and it cannot be defined by some specific products. It is a transformation or a transition involving concepts, ideas, way
27、s of production, changing attitudes, etc. (4) Because it is more than just technology, as the speaker further compares it to electricity, which has transformed from an innovation to much more of a utility service. (5) Ubiquitous. Listening 3 A. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) C (5) D B. compressed, whisper, e
28、xternal, pockets, panic, assembly, psychological, reflection, simultaneous, architecture, figure out, legitimate, instantaneous, clicking, addicted C. (1) B, C (2) CUnit 2 ClassificationKeys to the ExercisesTask 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification 1. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and
29、 natural causes. 2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.).3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earths atmosphere. 4) Classification helps us to determine and understand the relation
30、ship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition. 5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classificatio
31、n should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming 2. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource. It provides about one-quarter of the total energy the world uses, and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal. The steel i
32、ndustry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel. Like other depleting sources of global energy, coal reserves are also on a steep decline. Moreover, coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare. Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane, although it also contains ethane, propane and butane. It is a c
33、onvenient and efficient energy source. The major consumers of natural gas are the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. It is also used to generate electricity. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution. Like other fossil fuels, this resource is depleting
34、rapidly. Task 2 Understanding Lectures through Classification Listening 1 1. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc. 2. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F 3. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynami
35、cs or conflict Three Parts of Personality Classifcations Working PrinciplesPart One id The Pleasure PrinciplePart Two ego Reality PrinciplePart Three superego Not mentioned4. There are two interesting ideas in Freuds theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unco
36、nscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a persons name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in viole
37、nt internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle” and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego. Task 3 Reading Classification Articles Reading 2 Renewable Energy SourcesA Brief Summary 1. 1) Renewable
38、energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2) The purpose of using renewable energy sources. The classification of renewable energy sources. The examples of different types of renewable en
39、ergy sources. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. The history of the use of different energy sources. How energy is obtained from various sources. 3) I would write: (1) The definition of the renewable energy. (2) The classification of the renewable energy.
40、(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. 2. 1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty. 2) It converts the suns rays into energy. 3) The main demerit is that it is limited. 4) Sailors, farmers and architects. 5) The main advantage is that this doesnt produce any
41、 by-products that can be harmful to the environment. 6) Because the Earths crust continuously decays, replenishing the heat. 7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity. 8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both
42、sides of the dam. 9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency. 3. 1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve 6) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant 11) i. d
43、omestic 12) t. validation 13) k. generator 14) d. capture 15) g. definitely 16) n. install 17) e. consumption 18) m. harness 19) o. internal 20) c. blade Reading 3 Types of Pollution 5. 1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation 6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9)
44、 confine 10) sewage 11) hazardous 12) residential 13) vapor 14) decay 15) erosion 16) disrupt 17) particulate 18) underground 19) concentration 20) combat 6. Paragraphs Main ideas(_k_) Para. A a. Definition and sources of noise pollution. (_s_) Para. B b. Characteristics of radioactive pollution(_z_
45、) Para. C c. Effects of water pollution.(_f_) Para. D d. Consequences of radiation pollution.(_o_) Para. E e. Causes of thermal pollution.(_x_) Para. F f. Effects of air pollution. (_c_) Para. G g. Problems caused by thermal pollution.(_y_) Para. H h. Undesirable results caused by light pollution.(_
46、q_) Para. I i. Damages caused by noise pollution.(_v_) Para. J j. Causes and harms of visual pollution.(_a_) Para. K k. A general description of the 9 recognized sources of pollution.(_i_) Para. L l. Sources of radioactive pollution.(_b_) Para. M m. Effects of visual pollution.(_l_) Para. N n. Sourc
47、es of visual pollution.(_d_) Para. O o. What is water pollution. (_w_) Para. P p. Definition and sources of personal pollution. (_e_) Para. Q q. Soil pollution sources. (_g_) Para. R r. The interrelations among all kinds of pollution. (_u_) Para. S s. The definition of air pollution. (_h_) Para. T t
48、. How to eliminate personal pollution. (_j_) Para. U u. Definition and sources of light pollution. (_n_) Para. V v. Problems caused by soil pollution(_m_) Para. W w. Definition of thermal pollution.(_p_) Para. X x. Causes of water pollution. Paragraphs Main ideas(_t_) Para. Y y. Definition of soil p
49、ollution.(_r_) Para. Z z. Sources of air pollution.7. Paragraphs(Marked I, or E or F) StatementsPara. Z 1) A knowledge of different pollution types enables a person to change his lifestyle.E 2) Thermal pollution is caused by too much heat which creates unfavorable effects over a long time.Para. D 3) If the air is filled with a high concentration of pollutants, it would lead to obvious problems.Para. L 4) Noise pollution may lead to deafness or interrupt
