BEC真题阅读part5综合总结.doc

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1、BEC reading part5(改错)解 题 方 法【考题特点】 就其形式来看,BEC 短文改错中只有多词和正确两种。多词常表现在出现多余的冠词,介词,副词,连词,代词等等。也就是说,多词多表现在虚词多余。这些词出现后会造成句子语法上错误或逻辑意义上不通。语法上的错误通常表现在词性的误用,代词的重复,泛指与特指的误用,时态不正确,对立性词语同时出现等等。对于动词的考查,多出现在那些可以接从句又可以用于复合结构的词,出题者通常是通过两种句式的混用来达到测试考生分析句子能力的目的。在答这部分题时,应从句子结构、动词时态、习惯搭配、名词单复数、冠词的使用、介词的使用、代词的使用等角度找出多余的词

2、。譬如 “because“后面跟名词短语要由“of “连接。这部分常见的语法错误包括:时态、语态、虚拟语气等错误;前后不一致;as 的用法错误;非谓语动词用法错误;从句和引导词错误;代词错误;介词错误等。【基本方法】通读全文,把握大意(浏览全文后,考生可从以下三方面找出多余或用错的词:一是根据上下文信息,找出与全文逻辑不相符的单词;二是从语法角度出发,分析句子成分,找出每个意群在句子中所起作用,理清了句子结构,多余的词自然就显现出来;三是从习惯用法人手,找出与约定俗成的句式及短语相悖的单词。)很多考生在做题的时候会遇到不知道是否该删除某个词语的情况,这时应该从全文内容出发,判断其是否多余,通常

3、情况下,都是名词或代词为多,出题者通过增加多余的名词或代词来对考生进行干扰,从而达到测试的目的。先通读全文的另外一个好处就是可以在读的过程中先找出一些明显的错误,这也遵循了我们常说的先易后难的解题规律。以句子为单位,逐个进行分析在四六级中,经常是几行才设置一道题目,而 BEC 则不同,每一行都设置一道题目,因此,一个句子通常都会被拆分成时上下两行。所以,我们做题的时候应该以句子为最小单位,然后对其进行分析,找出其中的错误所在,而不应该仅仅局限于一行对句子进行分析。分析句子成分,找出错误所在判断一个句子正确与否,通过需要对句子进行语法成分的分析,以判断是缺少语法成分,还是出现多余的语法成分。一个

4、完整的句子通常要包含主语,谓语和宾语。所以我们分析句子的时候也是从主谓宾入手。这就要求学生掌握一定的语法知识,具备分析句子成分的能力。考生应该在平时练习时加强对句子成分的分析。遵循先易后难,充分利用时间就考试时间而言,BEC 的考试时间要比四六级考试时间长。但是,由于 BEC 的难度较大,很大一部分考生仍会感到时间不够用。因此,在做题的时候,我们仍要遵循先易后难的原则,争取在最短的时间内拿到做多的分。考生在平时练习的时候也要养成这个习惯,这样就可以避免在考试的时候死扣住一道难题不放,而失去了那些容易的该得分的题目。【常见错误】(1)将泛指内容特指化这主要是指在名词前加上了多余的定冠词,造成泛指

5、的内容被特指。因为在 BEC 考试中不存在漏词的情况,因此在名词前缺少冠词的情况是不存在的。当考生遇到复数名词前的定冠词时,可以考虑其是否多余。例如: The final decision was reached after day-long session of the tests, interviews and exercises. (tests, interviews and exercises 均为泛指的内容,而不是某种特有的,专门的 tests, interviews and exercises , 所以在这个句子中,the 是多余的。 )(2)时态不正确对于时态方面的考查,最常见的

6、就是在时间,条件,让步状语从句后用带 will 的将来时态。我们知道,这些从句要用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。所以,句中的 will 往往是多余的。( 当然,有时候 will 表示意愿,用在 if 条件句中,表示“如果你愿意.”这个要区别对待)例如: , a password allows them to access the system wherever they will happen to be that day. (这是一个让步状语从句,从句要求用一般现在时来表示一般将来时,所以句中的 will 是多余的,应该去掉。)(3)对立性词语在句子中同时出现在中文里,我们可以把“虽然”“但是

7、”放在一起,也可以将“因为”“所以”放在一起,而在英语中,我们用了 although/though 就不可以用 but (但是可以用 yet),用了because/since/as 就不可以用 so。另外。在句子中一般不可以同时出现以下的词语: how与 well , only 与 hardly ,serve 与 for ,reach 与 at/in ,rise 与 up ,most 与 best , must 与 have to ,another 与 other(s) ,marry 与 with , repeat 与 again (但可以与 again and again 连用 ),retu

8、rn 与 back 等等。例如: How do you get on well with the staff. (这句话中, well 实际上回答了 how, 所以 well 是多余的。又如 serve for our customs 中 for 也是多余的,因为 serve 是及物动词,本身已经含有 for 的意思,再用 for 就造成了意思上的重复。)(4)词性的误用由于词性的误用而造成的单词多余在 BEC 短文改错中也是经常可以碰到的。特别是对动词的考查,如及物和不及物的混用(错误分类:两个动词、及物动词+介词、不及物+宾语, “V+adv+介词” 可能需要去掉其中的副词或介词)等等。例

9、如:Their backgrounds are vary from arts to sciences (vary 是动词,因此,are 是多余的。又如:But Garrard is going to be relax. 一句,relax 是动词,be 是多余的。 又如:Rather than waste of time in traffic jams.中的 of 是多余的,因为 waste 是及物动词;又如:,where executives fly them in and out the same day. 中 them 是多余的,因为 fly 是不及物动词。 )又如:In addition

10、 to have formal lessons, participants have the opportunity to learn in social situations with trainers and fellow students. (In addition to 中 to 是介词,后面要接上名词或动名词,不可以接上动词原形。所以应该去掉 have )(5)宾语从句中 that 与 what 或 that 与 if / whether 的同时出现在宾语从句中,我们不可以用两个连词来连接同一个句子。出题者往往会在宾语从句中同时使用 that 和 what 或 that 和 if /

11、 whether 来考查学生是否掌握好基本的语法知识。例如:It really doesnt matter that what we pay for an investment. (在这句话中就同时用了两个连词。我们知道,pay 是一个及物动词,要求接上宾语,what 在这里充当 pay 的宾语,而 that 仅仅是起到连接的作用,没有实在的意义,所以 that 是多余的。)又如:They understand that if the really price of not training is the company failing behind as a result. (在这句话中同时

12、使用了两个连词 that 和 if ,根据句子的意思,我们可以判断出不含有“是否 ”之意,所以句中的 if 是多余的。)(6)惯用短语(或句型)中出现多余的词语在英语中有很多约定俗成的短语,我们经常称之为成语。这样的短语往往不可以随便增加或减少单词。在 BEC 中,这样的题目也经常出现,这主要是考查学生对惯用成语的识记能力。这就要求考生在平时学习的过程中要注重知识的积累。例如:There is less need for managers to turn it up at the office every day. (turn up 是“出现,露面”的意思,是固定的结构,所以 it 是多余的,

13、应该删去。又如 not long time ago 中的 time 也是多余的;在“within+ 时间段”结构中如果出现 the 等也是多余的;at the first hand中的 the 是多余的。 )(7)造成句式混乱(或者成分多余)的多余词语对于这个方面的考查,主要集中在一些可以用于复合结构,又可以用于宾语从句的动词,出题者通过混用两种句式来达到测试的目的。以及一些结构本已经完整的句子里无端多出一些词语(eg:it ,so, that 等)解决这类题目的方法就是分析句子成分,看是复合结构还是宾语从句,并注意改错的要求。例如:Today these mini-conference ce

14、nters provide services are designed for business travelers. (这句话的主语中心词为 centers,谓语为 provide,宾语为 services 。而后面的谓语动词 are 却没有主语,所以应该把 are 删去,用过去分词做后置定语。当然,在四六级考试中,我们完全可以在 are 前加上 that 或 which 来构成定语从句,但是,在 BEC 中,由于没有漏词的情况,所以不可以这样改。)又如:The other candidates seemed me to be very strong , and I have to say

15、I found that the selection procedure really hard. (在这句话中,有两处错误,一个是 seem 的用法,一个是find 的用法 seem 的常用法为: seem to be / seem that / seem as if 等,不可以在 seem 后直接跟上人称代词。所以 me 是多余的,应该删去。而 find 的后面经常跟上 that 引导的宾语从句,如:I find that the work is really hard . 另外,find 也经常用于复合结构,即find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构,如上面的句子也可以说:I find t

16、he work really hard . 在例句中是将这两种结构混合使用,所以应该将 that 删去。又如上面所说,如果这是四六级的考题,我们完全可以在 really 前加上一个 be 动词,这样就成了 find 引导的宾语从句了。但是BEC 中是没有漏词的情况,所以大家在做题的时候要特别注意,做到符合题目要求。)(8)造成句意含糊或相反的多余词这种类型的错误往往不容易发现。因为出题者通常是通过增加一个词,而这个词恰好与前后的词语构成一个考生熟悉的词组,从而让考生往陷阱里跳。有时候,这样的题目必须通过文章整体的意思才可以判断哪个词语是多余的,而有一些仅仅通过分析整个句子就可以发现。这种类型的

17、题目考查了考生对语篇段落的把握能力。例如:Yet now that there is strong interest , as travelers become aware of the new facilities . (根据逻辑我们知道,句子并没有“既然” 的意思,而说的是现在的一种情况而已,出题者通过 now that 这个词组来干扰考生。很多考生看到 now that 是一个固定词组就认为没有错误,而没有对句子的意思进行分析,所以往往发现不了错误的所在,这就掉进了出题者所设的陷阱里。通过这道题也说明我们必须把握文章的意思,不能够仅仅根据语法对句子判断正确与否。)又如:The work

18、he has done is far away from satisfaction. (在英语中我们可以说 far away from,如 Its far away from here. 离这很远。但是后面跟上抽象名词的时候,我们要用far from,如 far from completeness / enough 等。)(9)无 to 结构出现多余的 to英语中的无 to 不定式主要有以下几种情况:( 1)在助动词或情态动词的后面要用不带 to 的不定式。 (used to , ought to 是本身带有 to 的;need 作情态动词时不带 to,作实义动词时带 to;dare 的用法跟

19、 need 类似。 ) (2)在半助动词 had better , had rather , had sooner , would rather , would sooner 等后面用不带 to 的不定式。 (3)在 why 开头的肯定和否定句后都用不带 to 的结构。 (4)在介词 but , except , besides , than 的前面如果出现了实义动词 do,要用无 to 不定式作介词的宾语。 (5)在 would you please 后要用不带 to的结构。 (6)在感官动词和使役动词 see , notice , hear , watch , observe , feel

20、 , find , look at , listen to , make , let , have , leave , bid 的后面要接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 例如:They must to train for everything before the start of the competition . (must 是情态动词,后面要接上动词原形,所以 must 后面的 to 是多余的,应该删去。)又如:The boss always makes the workers to work overtime . (make 后应该接上不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语,类似这样用的动

21、词还有 see , hear , watch , feel , let , have , listen to , observe 等等 )又如:The manager could do nothing but to wait for him to leave. ( 因为在 but 的前面出现了实义动词 do,所以后面的动词必须是比带 to 的,因此 to 多余。)(10)无“如此”之意却出现 so对于 so 在 BEC 改错中的考查频率相对来说还是比较高的。考查的方向主要有两个,一个是句子本无“如此” 之意而强加上 so ,另外一个就是通过构成 so 的常用词组短语来测试考生的分析能力。例如:

22、Working with a manager you rarely see is now so far from usual , and (在这里只是说明一种现象,并没有“如此”之意,如果有“ 如此”之意,后面一般会出现 that 与之对应)又如:So how is “the best” personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good and very different individuals ? (这句话的原意并没有“如此 ”之意,所以,第二个的 so 是多余的,应该删去另外,含有“极端”意义的词语一般不用 so 修饰

23、)(11)抽象名词被可数化抽象名词被可数化主要是指在不可数名词的前面用了不定冠词 a 或 an ,使不可数名词被当作可数名词使用。这主要考查考生对词性的把握能力。这类题目的解决方法就是平时学习过程中多注意积累,有些名词,如 bread , paper , chalk 在中文里是可数的,但是在英文里是比可数的。当然,对于一个不熟悉的名词,在考试中就只有通过逻辑来判断了。例如:A poor financial management is one of the main reasons why business fails . (management 是一个抽象名词,所以它属于不可数名词,前面的 a

24、 是多余的)又如:If you would like to receive a further information on working overseas, please do not hesitate to contact us. (information 是不可数名词,不可以用 a 修饰,所以 a 是多余的。)(12)意义上重复造成的多余这类词的考查主要集中在含有“极端”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词上,也就是本身含有“最”的意义的形容词或副词,如:comparative , relative , absolute , entire , excellent , perfect , tot

25、al , through , utter , whole , complete , full , empty 等,这些词语都没有比较等级,所以前面不可以用 more , most 来修饰这些词语。例如:He is the most excellent worker of the company . (这句话中的 excellent 已经含有“最”的意义,不需要再用 most 来修饰,所以 most 是多余的。)(13)构建虚假的定语从句这类题目在 BEC 考题中会经常出现。出题者往往在一个简单句的谓语前加上一个which 或 that 来构建一个虚假的定语从句。对于这类题目的解决方法就是分析句

26、子成分,我们知道,定语从句中的 that 或 which 都是充当一定语法成分的,如果句子不缺少语法成分,那么句子中的 that 或 which 就是多余的。例如:This experience which will also give you a chance to widen your outlook on life, encounter cultural differences and develop new skills. (在这个句子中,主语是 this experience,谓语是 give,后面的是 give 的宾语。所以,句子不缺少语法成分,which 是多余的。)又如:Sta

27、ying with a host family that gives participants even more time to practise English. (在这个句子中,用了动名词做主语,谓语动词是 give,后面的其它是宾语成分。句子主谓宾成分都不残缺,所以 that 是多余的,应该删去。)(14) 单复数的修饰词弄错Eg: every 只能修饰单数(15)并列式错误:并列的两项形式不同Eg: Sending an email or by using another means of communication并列的两项形式不同,应去掉 BY 或者如果把 BY 放在第一个前也行

28、(16)特指型错误Sosuchthatthisthesethosetheaantheytheirourit(17)代词的重复Eg: It should also contain the names of those ones who will(1)人邮第二辑真题 TEST 1 READING PART 5 Customer Services Director0 Our client is well known as a producer of branded products in the home00 improvement sector. The business is experienc

29、ing a period of such significant34 volume and profit growth and as a result is now looking to appoint itself a35 Customer Services Director. This position involves( vt”包含 ”, vi involves in “参加,卷入”) in reporting directly to the 词性的误用36 Managing Director and key responsibilities include the control an

30、d development37 of the process for ordering goods. While (没有从句,conj 是多余的)through the management and38 motivation of twenty staff, you will be seen the focal point of managing(The focal point 光 数 焦点; (活动、兴趣、注意力等的)中心; (疾病的) 主患部;(地震的) 中心部(n)be the focal point of 惯用短语中出现多余的词语39 customers expectations, f

31、rom keeping them up to date at all times with thekeeping them up to date 是现在分词短语做状语,from 是造成句式混乱的多余词语40 progress of their orders. This role is a challenging one and calls for an individual41 with those top-level interpersonal and communication skills and a goodthose 是造成句意含糊的多余词 42 understanding of p

32、rocess management. In return for the company offers the惯用短语 In return 中出现多余的词语 for43 right candidate with a highly competitive salary and benefits package. Assistance惯用短语 offer sb sth 中出现多余的词语 with44 with relocation expenses(, if appropriate,) that is also available. If you feel you have构建虚假的定语从句 ,出

33、题者往往在一个简单句的谓语前加上一个which 或 that 来构建一个虚假的定语从句45 the qualifications for this exciting role and are looking for a challenge, please write in confidence to:(2)人邮第二辑真题 TEST 2 READING PART 5Personal Assistant of the Year(0 Anne-Marie Garrard was shocked when it was announced that she had won the00 Personal

34、 Assistant of the Year award. The other candidates seemed me 惯用短语 seem to be 中出现多余的词语 sb34 to be very strong, and I have to say I found that the selection procedure really而 find+that 引导的宾语从句(须含 主 谓 宾),如:I find that the work is really hard . 另外,find 也经常用于复合结构,即find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构35 hard, she says. I

35、didnt think I had any chance of winning. When I heard my36 name, my legs were so weak I could only hardly stand up, she laughs. So对立性词语在句子中同时出现,用了 although/though 就不可以用 but (但是可以用 yet),用了 because/since/as 就不可以用 so。在句子中一般不可以同时出现以下的词语:how 与 well , only 与 hardly ,serve 与 for ,reach 与 at/in ,rise 与 up ,

36、most 与 best , must 与 have to ,another 与 other(s) ,marry 与 with ,repeat 与 again (但可以与 again and again 连用 ),return 与 back 等等。37 how is the best personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good无“如此”之意却出现 so,另外,含有 “极端”意义的词语一般不用 so 修饰)38 and very different individuals? The final decision was r

37、eached after a39 day-long session of the tests, interviews and exercises. Garrard believesa day-long session of tests,为期一天的考试,惯用短语中出现多余的词语40 the skills she uses in her job helped her how to perform well. For instance, although对立性词语在句子中同时出现,用了 although/though 就不可以用 but (但是可以用 yet),用了 because/since/as

38、 就不可以用 so。在句子中一般不可以同时出现以下的词语: how 与 well , only 与 hardly ,serve 与 for ,reach 与 at/in ,rise 与up ,most 与 best , must 与 have to ,another 与 other(s) ,marry 与 with ,repeat 与again (但可以与 again and again 连用),return 与 back 等等。41 most of her work is for her companys Managing Director, she works for six bosses

39、42 in all, so she always tries out to be prepared for anything that might happen.惯用短语 try to do sth 中出现多余的词语 out 43 As for the future, her firm has closed for its summer break now; as soon as44 they will open again, there is a pay rise waiting for her. But Garrard is not时态不正确; 在时间,条件,让步状语从句要用一般现在时来代

40、替一般将来时45 going to be relax. She says, Theres always room for personal development. You must keep trying to improve.词性的误用,,relax 是动词,be 是多余的(3)人邮第二辑真题 TEST 3 READING PART 5人邮第二辑真题 TEST 3 READING PART 5Meetings That WorkMeeting that work0 A vital skill for anyone running a business it is the ability t

41、o communicate造成句式混乱的多余词语,it 是多余成分00 effectively. This is particularly important in a meeting where complex arguments34 need to be put forward and where it is too vital to get the best out of the situation造成句意含糊或相反的多余词,too+adj+to do ,与 too+adj 表达的意思正好相反从全文来看是肯定语气,而 tooto 是否定语气,太而不能,则应该去掉 too35 and th

42、ose present in as little time as possible. Before calling a meeting, ask36 yourself if you actually need one, since so many are unproductive results and do37 not really need to take place. Sending an email or by using another means of并列的两项形式不同,应去掉 BY 或者如果把 BY 放在第一个前也行38 communication, such as a simp

43、le phone call, might achieve the desired results in39 half the time. Having established the need _for a meeting, so inform those you无“ 如此”之意却出现 so,祈使句,so 多余; So 前边应该是个句子40 wish to attend and ask people to be punctual. Concerning the key to a good造成句式混乱的多余词语,concerning 在句子中是多余成分41 meeting is an agend

44、a, which needs to be sent out in advance and should state the42 date, time and location. It should also contain the names of those ones who will代词的重复使用,those, ones 意义上重复造成的多余 43 be present and set that out(, starting with the most important, )the points for惯用短语 set out .the points for dicussing 中出现多

45、余的词语 that44 discussion. Ask in advance for suggestions for items to be discussed about butDiscuss 为及物动词,不用 about ,discuss 后若未接讨论内容则无需加 about, respond to 用法类似45 set a deadline for submissions in order to reduce the amount of time that has to be spent under Any Other Business.(4)人邮第二辑真题 TEST 4 READING

46、 PART 5人邮第二辑真题TEST 4 READING PART 50 In a small business, deciding when to take on new staff is a delicate calculation(精密的计算). On00 the one hand, if you are increase your workforce, you might find it difficult to cover造成句式混乱的多余词语,are 是多余成分34 for the increased costs straight away. On the other hand,

47、extra staff could词性的误用,cover 是 vt35 enable you to spend more time on activities such as marketing, which in the36 end should mean the increased profits. A useful way of deciding when to increase将泛指内容特指化37 your workforce is to ask yourself if you can make enough of extra sales to meet惯用短语中出现多余的词语,mak

48、e +adj(enough)+n38 the cost of taking on with an extra employee. But even if you are not able to惯用短语中出现多余的词语,take on 雇佣39 increase your sales immediately, you may still be able to employ someone.40 In this such case, however, you must keep your business going until you have built惯用短语中出现多余的词语,In this case

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