1、在第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上的政府工作报告国务院总理 温家宝2010 年 3 月 5 日REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT-Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National Peoples Congresson March 5, 2010Wen JiabaoPremier of the State Council各位代表，Fellow Deputies,现在，我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。On behalf of the State Coun
2、cil, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to provide comments and suggestions.一、 2009 年工作回顾I. Review of Work in 20092009 年是
3、新世纪以来我国经济发展最 为困难的一年。去年这个时候，国际金融危机还在扩散蔓延，世界经济深度衰退，我国经济受到严重冲击，出口大幅下降，不少企业经营困难，有的甚至停产倒闭， 失业人员大量增加，农民工大批返乡，经济增速陡然下滑。在异常困难的情况下，全国各族人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下，坚定信心，迎难而上，顽强拼搏，从容 应对国际金融危机冲击，在世界率先实现经济回升向好，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值达到 33.5 万亿元，比上年增长 8.7%；财政收入 6.85万亿元，增长 11.7%；粮食产量 5.31 亿吨，再创历史新高，实现连续 6 年增产；城镇新增就业 1102
4、 万人；城镇居民人均可 支配收入 17175 元，农村居民人均纯收入 5153 元，实际增长 9.8%和 8.5%。我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。实践再次证明，任何 艰难险阻都挡不住中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our countrys economic development since the beginning of the new century. This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading
5、, and the world economy was in a deep recession. Our economy was severely affected; our exports decreased significantly; a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down; the number of unemployed people increased significantly; many migrant
6、workers had to return to their home villages; and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down. In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of
7、the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization. GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase o
8、f 8.7% over the previous year (here and below). Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%. Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year. A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created. The per capita disposable income of urban residents w
9、as 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms. We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the c
10、ourse of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.过去的一年，极不平凡，令人振奋。我们隆重 庆祝新中国成立 60 周年。抚今追昔，伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感，极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力，极大地提升了我国 的国际地位和影响力，必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring. We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the fou
11、nding of New China. The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised Chinas international standing and influence. All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead
12、 on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年来，我们主要做了以下工作：Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行 积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税，保持货币信贷快速增长，提 高货币政策的可持续性，扩大直接融资规模，满足经济社会发展的资金需求，有效扩大了内需，很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。1. Strengthen
13、ing and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development. We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis. We significantly in
14、creased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing. We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic deman
15、d, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力 度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金 450 亿元，补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税，减免住房交易相关税收，支持自住性住房消费。全年汽车销 售 1364 万辆，增长 46.2%；商品房销售9.37 亿平方米，增长 42.1%；社会消费品零售总额实际增长 16.9%，消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增 强。We vigorously expanded consumer spending.
16、 Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before. The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes. Part of the subsidies also suppo
17、rted trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools. We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles. We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners resi
18、dences. Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%; commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%; and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.
19、促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨 千斤”的作用，引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增 4 万亿元的投资计划。 2009 年中央政府公共投资 9243 亿元，比上年预算增加 5038 亿元，其中，保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占 44%，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占 16%， 重大基础设施建设占 23%，灾后恢复重建占 14%。全社会固定资产投资增长 30.1%，投资结构进一步优化。投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口，加强 了薄弱环节，为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。We promoted rapid growth in investment. We guided
20、and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment. We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years. In 2009, the central governments public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous years budge
21、t. Of this, 44% was invested in. low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement; 23% in major infrastructure projects; and 14% in post-W
22、enchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Fixed asset investment increased .30.1% nationwide. We further improved the investment structure. Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundati
23、on for long-term economic and social development我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建，重灾区已完成投资 6545 亿元，占规划总投资的 65.5%。国家 的大力支持，全国人民的无私援助，灾区群众的艰苦奋斗，使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现 了中华民族的无疆大爱，有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work. We have already invest
24、ed 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas. Thanks to the governments strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearanc
25、e, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality. All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.（二）大力调整经济结构，夯实长远 发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来，加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。2. Vigor
26、ously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development. We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农” 的支出 7253 亿元，增长
27、21.8%。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。继续改善农村生产生活条件，农村饮水安全工程使 6069 万农民受益，新增510 万沼气用户，新建和改造农村公路 38 万公里、农村电网线路 26.6 万公里，又有 80 万户农村危房得到改造， 9.2 万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度，贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. The central government used 725.3 bil
28、lion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%. We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin. We began implementation of the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide. We continued to improve living and working conditi
29、ons in rural areas. We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1. million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated hous
30、es in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families. We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty. As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业 调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造，安排 200 亿元技改专项资金支持 4441 个技改项目。重点行业兼并重
31、组取得新进展。下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和 重复建设，关停小火电机组 2617 万千瓦，淘汰落后的炼钢产能 1691 万吨、炼铁产能 2113 万吨、水泥产能 7416 万吨、焦炭产能 1809 万吨。加快实 施国家科技重大专项，中央财政用于科技的支出 1512 亿元，增长 30%。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用，清洁能源、第三代移动通信等一批新兴产业快速发 展。大力加强基础设施建设，新建铁路投入运营 5557 公里，高速公路新建通车 4719 公里，城市轨道交通建设加快，新建、改扩建民用机场 35 个；新增发电 装机 8970 万千瓦，西气东输二线西段工程实现供气，南水北调工程建设加快推进，
32、6183 座病险水库除险加固工程开工建设。We intensified industrial restructuring. We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries. We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects. F
33、urther progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries. We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries. We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total p
34、roduction tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry. We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects，and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central gove
35、rnment funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%. We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications. We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development
36、; put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation; opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development; and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports. We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began sup
37、plying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.节能减排和环境保护扎实推进。安排 预算内资金，支持重点节能工程、循环经济等项目 2983 个；实施节能产品惠民工程，推广节能
38、空调 500 多万台、高效照明灯具 1.5 亿只。继续推进林业重点 生态工程建设，完成造林 8827 万亩，森林覆盖率达到 20.36%。综合治理水土流失面积 4.8 万平方公里。加强“ 三河三湖“等重点流域水污染防治和工业 废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降 14.38%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66%和 13.14%。积极开展应对气候变化工作，明确提出 2020 年我国控制温室气体排放行动目 标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强，灾害防御能力不断提升。We made solid progress in conserving energy
39、, reducing emissions and protecting the environment. We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment. We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-con
40、ditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs. We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%. Through combined measures, we brought soil e
41、rosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control. We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry. Over the first
42、 four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively. We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our countrys targets, policies and m
43、easures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. We improved our weather forecasting and early warning; as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区 域发展总体战略，制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发，积极承接产业转移，发展基础不断夯实；东部
44、地区加快结构和自主创新，经 济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。We took new steps in balancing development between regions. We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development; and formulated several major regional development plans and policies. The central and western regions and northeast Ch
45、ina accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development. The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.
46、A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.（三）坚持深化改革开放，不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作 为应对国际金融危机的强大动力，努力消除体制障碍，不断提高对外开放水平。3. Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to
47、developing scientifically. We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，新的成品油价 格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进，跨
48、境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。创业板正式推出，为自主创新及其他成长型创 业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展，事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开，15 亿亩林地确权到户，占全国集体林地 面积的 60%，这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。We accelerated reform in key areas and links. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fee
49、s on them was implemented smoothly, and a new wmechanism/w for pricing them worked well. We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade. The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises. We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner,
