1、1.Matches作家作品：（或参考课本目录，黑色斜体为课本目录）The literature of Realism:Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼Drum Taps (桴鼓集)Good-Bye, My Fancy ( 再见，我的幻想 ,)Leaves of Grass (草叶集 )Passage to India ( 通向印度之路)Sequel to Drum Taps (桴鼓集续集)Song of Myself 自己之歌I Sit and Look Out 我坐在这儿眺望着Beat! Beat! Drum! 敲呀！敲呀！鼓啊！ Emily Dickinson 艾米莉. 狄金森I
2、Taste a Liquor Never Brewed 我品味未经酿造的饮料 I felt a Funeral, in my Brain 我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中 A Bird came down the Walk 鸟儿沿着小径过来 I died for Beauty- but was scarce 我为美而死 I heard a Fly buzz- when I died 我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声 -在临死之前 Because I could not stop for Death 因为我不能停下来等候死神 Im Nobody! Who are You?Success is Counted Swee
3、testHarriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽雅特.比彻.斯托Uncle Toms Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋 Mark Twain 马克. 吐温The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆 .索亚历险记 .The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (klvers 卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙 2.Innocents Abroad (傻子国外旅行记)3.Roughing It (艰苦岁月 )4.The Gilded Age (with Charles Dudley Waenner, 镀金时代与查尔斯达德利沃纳合写)5.T
4、he Adventures of Tom Sawyer (汤姆索耶历险记 )A Tramp Abroad (国外流浪汉 )7. The Prince and the Pauper (王子与贫儿)8. Life on the Mississippi (密西西比河上)9.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (哈克贝里费恩 历险记)10.The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson ( 傻瓜威尔逊)11. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court ( 亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人 )12. The Ma
5、n that Corrupted Hadleyburg (败坏赫德莱堡的人 )13. What Is Man? (人是什么)O.Henry 欧. 亨利The Cop and the Anthen 警察与赞美诗 Henry James 亨利. 詹姆斯A Tragedy of ErrorsTransatlantic Sketches The American 美国人Daisy Miller 戴茜 米勒The Europeans 欧洲人The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇的肖像 Washington Square 华盛顿广场The Bostonians 波士顿人The Princess
6、 Casamassima 卡萨玛西玛公主The Tragic Muse Guy Domville (play, ) What Maisie Knew The Turn of the Screw 碧庐冤孽The Awkward AgeThe Wings of the Dove ) 鸽之翼The Ambassadors 大使 (或译：奉使记)The Beast in the JungleThe Golden Bowl 金碗English Hours The American SceneJack London 杰克. 伦敦The Sea Wolf 海狼 Martin Eden 马丁 .伊登 Theo
7、dore Dreiser 西奥多. 德莱赛Sister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹 Jennie Gerhardt The Financier The Titan The Genius An American TragedyTwentieth-Century Literature:Ezra Pound 埃兹拉. 庞德A Virginal 处女无暇 Salutation 再次致敬 A Pact 合同 In a Station of the Metro 在地铁车站 The River-MerchantsWife: A Letter 长干行 Personae 人物Exultations 狂喜Cathay
8、 译著 华夏Homage to Sextus Propertius 向赛克斯特斯.普罗波蒂斯致敬Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 休.赛尔温.毛伯利 The Cantos 诗章The ABC Reading (Literary Essay)Edwin Arlington Robinson 埃德温. 阿林顿. 罗宾逊The House on the Hill 山上的古屋 Richard Cory 理查 .珂利 Miniver Cheevy 米尼弗 .契维 The Torrent and the Night Before 急流与昨夜The Town Down the River 河下游的
9、城镇The Children of the Night 夜之子Mr. Floods Party 弗罗德先生的酒会The Man Against the Sky 天边人影Robert Frost 罗伯特. 弗洛斯特After Apple-Picking 摘苹果之后 The Road Not Taken 没有走的路 Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening 雪夜林边小立 Departmental 职责分明，各管各的 Design 天意 The Most of It 他至多是 My butterfly 我的蝴蝶A Boys Will 少年的意志North of Bost
10、on 波士顿以北Mountain Interval 山间New Hampshire 新罕布什尔West-Running Brook 向西流去的小溪A Further Range 又一片牧场Mending Wall 修墙The Birches 白桦树A Witness Tree 见证树Steeple Bush 尖塔丛A Masque of Mercy 假慈悲Collected Poems 诗选Complete Poems 诗歌全集In the Clearing 林间空地Carl Sandburg 卡尔. 桑德堡In Reckless Ecstasy Chicago Poems Famous Im
11、agist poems:Fog The Harbor Chicago Cool Tombs The People, Yes Flash Crimson 闪烁的深红 Lost I Am the People, the Mob The American Songbag or -folk songs of cowboys, vagabond and black peopleBiography of Lincoln (6 volumes) 1 autobiography 1 historical novelCornhuskers Smoke and Steel Good Morning, Americ
12、a Collected Poems Wallace Stevens 华莱士. 斯蒂文斯Peter Quince at the Clavier 彼得 .昆士弹琴 Anecdote of the Jar 坛子的轶事 The Emperor of Ice-Cream 冰淇淋皇帝 Harmonium (first collection of his poems at the age of 44)Notes toward a Supreme Fiction The Idea of Orders The Man with the Blue Guitar Parts of a World Transport
13、 to Summer The Auroras of Autumn Collected Poems Opus Posthumous The Necessary Angel Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯 . 斯特恩斯. 艾略特The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock（杰阿尔弗雷德普鲁夫洛克的情歌）The Waste Land （荒原）The Hollow Men （空心人）Preludes 序曲 Journey of the Magi 三贤者的旅程 Ash Wednesday （圣灰星期三：复活节前的第七个 星期三）Four Quartets（四个
14、四重奏 /托马斯斯特恩斯艾略特）F. Scott Fitzgerald 司各特. 菲茨杰拉德(1) This Side of Paradise 人间天堂(2) Flappers and Philosophers 轻佻女郎与哲学家(3) The Beautiful and the Damned 漂亮冤家(4) The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比 (5) Tender is the Night 夜色温柔(6) All the Sad Young Man(7) The Last Tycoon 最后的巨石8）Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) 爵士乐时代的故事Ern
15、est Hemingway 厄内斯特 . 海明威1) In Our Time(2) Men Without Women(3) Winner Take Nothing(4) The Torrents of Spring(5) The Sun Also Rises 太阳依照升起(6) A Farewell to Arms 永别了武器 (7) Death in the Afternoon 午后之死(8) To Have and Have Not(9) Green Hills of Africa 非洲的青山(10) The Fifth Column(11) For Whom the Bell Toll
16、s 丧钟为谁而鸣(12) Across the River and into the Trees过河入林(13) The Old Man and the Sea 老人与海14）The Spanish War 西班牙战争John Steinbeck 约翰.斯坦(1) Cup of Gold(2) Tortilla Flat(3) In Dubious Battle(4) Of Mice and Men(5) The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄 (6) Travels with Charley(7) Short stories: The Red Pony, The Pearl Wi
17、lliam Faulkner 威廉. 福克纳A Rose for Emily 给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰 The Sound and the Fury 喧哗与骚动 As I lay Dying 在我弥留之际Light in August 八月之光Absalom, Absalom！ 押沙龙，押沙龙！Go down, Moses 去吧，摩西2.terms：(课件版在课件相关知识拼凑版，需自己整理一下)1）Free verse (参考书版 )It is a form of poetry. It means that the poetry is without a fixed beat or regular
18、rhyme, a looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are, undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experiences into a system of hierarchy2) American r
19、ealism(参考书版)Realism refers to the literary tendency appeared after the American Civil War. The harsh realities of life as well as the disillusion of heroism resulting from the dark memories of the Civil War had set the nation against the romance. The Americans began to be tired of the sentimental fe
20、eling of Romanticism. A new generation of writers, dissatisfied with the Romantic ideas in the older generation ,came up with a new inspiration. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life,
21、free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. Instead of thinking about the mysteries of life and death and heroic individualism, peoples attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence, to what was brutal or sordid, and to the open portray of class strugg
22、le. This literary interest in the so-called“reality“ of life started a new period in the American literary writings knows as the Age of Realism.3) Local colorism(参考书版)Local color is a term applied to fiction or verse which emphasizes its setting, being concerned with the character of a district or o
23、f an era, as marked by its customs, dialect, costumes, landscape, or other peculiarities the have escaped standardizing cultural influences. As a variation of American realism, local colorism came into particular prominence in the U.S. after the Civil War, perhaps as an attempt to recapture the glam
24、our of a past ear, or to portray the sections of the reunited county one to the other. The representive writer of this movement is generally accepted as Mark Twain who depicts the beautiful scenes along the Mississippi Rover that he knows very well from his childhood. Other local colorists include B
25、ret Harte, Hamlin Garland and Kate Chopin.4) Naturalism(参考书版 )Naturalism is a critical term applied to the method of literary composition that aims at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. It is thus more inclusive and less selective than realism, and holds to the philo
26、sophy of determinism. It conceives of man as controlled by his instincts or his passions, or by his social and economic environment and circumstances. Since in this view man has no free will, the naturalistic writer does not attempt to make moral judgements, outgrowth of 19th-century scientific thou
27、ght, following in the general the biographical feterminism of Darwins theory, or the economic determinism of Mars. In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the authors tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a diffe
28、rent philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.5) the Imagism(参考书版)Imagism is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from 1909 to 1917. Its credo, expressed in Some Imagist Poets(1915), included the use of the language of common speech, preoject matter, the evo
29、cation of images in hard, clear poetry, and concentration. Origination in the aesthetic philosophy of T.E. Hulme, the movement soon attracted Ezra Pound, who became the leader of a small group opposed to the romantic conception of poetry and inspired by Greek and Roman classic and by Chinese, Japane
30、se, and modern French poets.6）Object Correlative （课件版）Eliots famous principle of “objective correlative” （客观对应物）refers to using related objects, situations, events, all external facts, to express emotions. He said that the only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding the objective
31、 correlative, in other words, a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula（配方） of that particular emotion; such that when the external facts, which must terminate in sensory experience, are given, the emotion is immediately evoked.7）Lost Generation（课件版）It refers to, in
32、 general, the post-World War First generation, but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists, who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism（快乐论, 快乐主义）. Lo
33、st generation brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was “lost“ in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation f
34、rom a U. S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, E. E. Cummings, and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.8）Psychological realism （参
35、考书版）It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters thoughts and motivations. Henry James s novel The Ambassador is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism. And Henry James is considered the founder of psychological realism made by life on the spect
36、ator, and not in any facts of which the spectator is unaware. Such realism is therefor merely the obligation that the artist assumes to represent life as he sees it, which may not be the same life as it “really“is.3. Short Question and Answers:1) The social significance of Uncle Toms CabinIt is the
37、story of an old black slave, Uncle Tom, who has the hope of freedom held before him but who never escapes from his slavery. In the end, he welcomed the death caused by his cruel master, Simon Legree. As a masterpiece of Abolitionist propaganda, the book had its effect. It helped expand campaign in t
38、he North against Southern slavery that led to the Civil War.The novel exposed and denounced the slavery in the south in the 19th century. It arose at the historic moment of the high tide of the anti-slavery movement and exerted a great influence upon and greatly pushed forward the movement after its publication.
