1、西文化概论习题第 1 页 共 15 页Chapter 1 Ancient Greek Culture1. How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire from him? 【宙斯如何惩罚盗火的普罗米修斯？】P 6Prometheus was chained to a mountain ,an eagle would devour his liver ,and his liver would grow out the next day before the eagle came to devour it again.(普罗米修斯被锁链锁在一座山
2、上，他的肝脏被一只鹰吞噬，而他的肝脏又会在第二天，那只鹰来吃之前长出来）2. What does the phrase “Achilles heel” refer to? 【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢？】P 12Achilles is the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War,and his heel is his only weakness,now use the word Achilles heel to describe ones only weakness.(阿基里是特洛伊战争中一个最勇敢最强壮
3、的战士，后脚跟是他唯一的缺点，现在用这个词来形容一个人唯一的缺点）3. What is the name of the mountain where the ancient Greeks believed their gods lived? 【古希腊人认为他们的神住在哪座山上？】P 6Mount Olympia (奥林匹亚山）4. Who is the god of the underworld? 【阴间的神是谁？】P 8西文化概论习题第 2 页 共 15 页Hades(哈迪斯冥王）5. Which battle in ancient Greece started from the apple
4、 of discord? 【古希腊开战的祸根？】P13The Trojan War(特洛伊战争）6. What are the primary symbols of the sea god Poseidon? 【海神波塞冬的主要标志？】P 8His weapon，trident （他的武器，三叉戟）7. What is the psychological term coined by Sigmund Freud based on the Greek mythological character Oedipus?【什么心理学词汇是西格蒙德弗洛伊德根据希腊神话人物俄狄浦斯所创造的?】 P 14Oe
5、dipus complex（恋母情结）8. Who was considered by Aristotle to be the first philosopher in Greek tradition? 【谁是亚里士多德认为的希腊传统上第一位哲学家】P 15Thales（泰利斯）9. In Greek mythology, Prometheus 普罗米修斯 made human beings out of clay（粘上）, taught man how to survive in the harsh（严酷的） environment and stole fire from heaven fo
6、r the benefit of man.10.Apollo 阿波罗 is the sun-god and the god of music and poetry.西文化概论习题第 3 页 共 15 页11. Artemis（ 阿耳特弥斯）, also known as Diana 戴安娜, is the goddess of moon, wild animals, the hunt, vegetation, chastity and childbirth.12. Athena 雅典娜 is the goddess of war, handicraft and wisdom.13. Aphro
7、dite 阿佛洛狄忒 is the goddess of beauty and love, better known by her Roman name Venus 维纳斯.14. Eros is the son of Venus, better known by his Roman name Cupid 丘比特_.15. Hermes 赫尔墨斯 is the god of thieves（蒂费斯小偷）, travelers and merchants. He is often depicted with a pair of winged sandals 有翅膀的凉鞋哈哈哈 and a win
8、ged cap（有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈），which enable him to travel swifter than sight. 16. Identify who each of the following descriptions is referring to. P 14-221) The greatest of ancient Greek epic poets, he is the author of the Iliad and Odyssey. （这个人是古希腊的伟大诗人，写过 伊利亚特和奥德赛）B.荷马不是河马2) This philosopher was the te
9、acher of Alexander the Great and set up his own school-named-Lyceum.（这个人担任过亚历山大大帝的老师，还建立了“学会”） A.亚里士多德3) For this philosopher everything was related to mathematics and numbers were the ultimate reality. He influenced Plato and discovered a theorem that was named after him. D.毕达哥拉斯_4) This philosophe
10、r was the teacher of Plato and the protagonist of Platos 西文化概论习题第 4 页 共 15 页dialogues. _E.苏格拉底5) This philosopher and student of Socrates founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. C.柏拉图Chapter 3 Food1. What can the word “salad” mean? And the phrase
11、 “salad days”?【“沙拉”是什么？“沙拉时光”又是什么？】 P77Salad，a mixture of foods,consisting of chopped vegetables,meat,seafood and so on.Salad days, means a youthful time.(沙拉是一种混合食物，包含了切碎的菜，肉，海鲜之类的；沙拉时光指的是年轻的岁月）2. When can salad be served during a meal? 【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢？】P78Salads may be served at any point during a mea
12、l(沙拉在什么时候都可以吃）3. Can you name some kinds of salad and explain them? What is the difference between green salads and vegetable salads?【你能举一些沙拉品种的例子并且解释它们吗？绿色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么区别吗？】 P78A. Aristotle B. Homer C. Plato D. Pythagoras E. Socrates西文化概论习题第 5 页 共 15 页Side salads,a kind of side dish;Entree salads,as t
13、he main dishes.We can add some meat, fish in green salads, but not in vegetables salads.(配菜沙拉，一种配菜；主菜沙拉，充当主菜；我们可以在绿色沙拉里面加鱼加肉 ，但不在蔬菜沙拉中加）4. What are salad dressings? What are the three basic types of salad dressing applied in Western culture? Please give some examples of each type.【沙拉酱是什么？西方文化中的三大主要沙
14、拉酱是什么？请举例】 P79They are sauces for salads.The three basic types of salads dressing are vinaigrette,creamy dressing and cooked dressing.(他们是沙拉的酱汁。三大主要沙拉酱是指醋，奶油酱和烹饪调料）5. What is a typical cheese making process composed of? 【典型乳酪的制作过程】P81Preparing the milk,separating the curds from the whey,pressing the
15、 curds,aging the cheese,wrapping natural cheese,and making and wrapping the processed cheese.(准备牛奶，从乳清中扩散凝乳，压凝乳，乳酪熟化，包装自然乳酪和制作并包装成品乳酪）6. What are the eight cheese families?【八大乳酪家族？】 P81Fresh cheese,Bloomy rind cheese,Natural rind cheese,Blue-veined cheese,Uncooked pressed cheese,Cooked pressed chees
16、e and Processed cheese.(白乳酪，花皮软质奶酪，水洗软质奶酪 ，压缩未熟奶酪 ，蓝（青）纹奶酪 ，压缩成西文化概论习题第 6 页 共 15 页熟奶酪， 山羊奶酪和 融化奶酪（再制干酪）顺序按百度的资料而定7. When is the National Sandwich Day/Month in America? What is the main purpose of the celebration?【美国的国家三明治日在什么时候？庆祝的主要目的是？】 P82November 3；The main purpose is to call peoples attention t
17、o the convenience,versatility and nutrition of sandwiches,(十一月 3 号；主要目的是让人关注三明治的便捷，多功能和营养）8. What can the word “spaghetti” mean? And where does the phrase “spaghetti genre（类型） of films” originate from? 【“意大利面”是什么东西？短语“意大利面类型的电影”来自何处？】P84Spaghetti is one type of pasta that is loved throughout the wor
18、ld.And the phrase “spaghetti genre of films”can be used to describe something that is complicated or tangled. Most of these films were produced and directed by Italians.(意大利面s 是意大利面 p 的一种类型，被全世界热爱。“意大利面类型的电影”这句短语是指错综复杂的电影，这些电影通常由意大利人编导）9. What can the word “turkey” evoke（唤起） and why? 【“火鸡”这个词是怎么叫开的？
19、为什么？】P85西文化概论习题第 7 页 共 15 页Images of family, friends celebration and giving thanks since turkey has been associated（相关的） with holidays such as Thanksgiving and Christmas for a long time.（很长一段时间内，在家庭聚会，朋友们庆祝的时候，例如感恩节和圣诞节，都有火鸡的身影）10. When is the season to for enjoying turkey?【享用火鸡的季节？】 P85November（十一月
20、）11. What is the turkey viewed as? 【火鸡被视为什么？】P85An icon of America and symbol of freedom（美国的图标与自由的象征哈哈哈！火鸡居然是自由的象征哈哈哈！还是美国的图标哈哈哈 ）12. What is a full course dinner made up of? 【一个完整的晚餐流程？】P88Appetizer, main (meat) course and dessert.（开胃菜，主菜和小吃）13. What is the simple rule to order the wine? 【点酒次序的简单规则
21、？】P88White wine for white meat such as fish and chicken and red wine for red meat such as beef.（白酒配白肉，如鱼啊，鸡啊这类；红酒配红肉，如牛肉）西文化概论习题第 8 页 共 15 页Chapter 4 CustomsI. Birthday（P102）1. Traditionally, on the day when a baby is born, girls are dressed in pink and boys in blue.(按传统，参加一个孩子的出生日时，女孩穿粉衣服，男孩穿蓝衣服）2.
22、 To celebrate the newly born, the father would use cigars 雪茄 as gifts in the past, but nowadays, people will choose Tootsie Rolls 蛋卷 or candy cigars糖果雪茄.3. Naming ceremonies 命名仪式, christenings 洗礼, infant baptisms 婴儿洗礼 and dedications 奉献礼 are the main events for the member of the family.4. On birthda
23、y, usually the birthday person cuts the initial（最初的） piece of the cake and gets _ piece of it.A. the first B. the last C. the middle5. As for present giving（礼品赠送）, the present is _.A. given to the birthday person face-to-faceB. given to the birthday person from the behindC. held over（推迟） the birthda
24、y persons head.p103，第三行6. Some family celebrations are raucous（喧闹的）. Please match the Column A with B according to their customs.（让 A 与对应的 B 匹配）A. country B. customs西文化概论习题第 9 页 共 15 页Canada The friends and family of the birthday person take him by the arms and legs, and bump him up into the air and
25、 down onto the floor.Argentina（阿根廷） The birthday person is punched （穿孔）according to his age, plus one for good luck.UK The birthday person has his earlobes pulled.7. Some birthdays mark certain milestone（里程碑） ages. For, a Jewish （犹太）boy, it is the 13th birthday; for a Jewish girl, it is 12th. For gi
26、rls in the US may be allowed to _have their ears pierced in honor of their 13th birthday 在 13 岁打耳洞. On their _16th_ birthday, children in America may get_a car of their own.(美国小孩在她们十六岁生日的时候还可能会得到一辆车）8. What are usually used to decorate（装修）the house at birthday party?【什么在生日会上经常用来装扮房子？】 p102Balloons,s
27、treamers and confetti.(气球，飘带和五彩纸屑）II. Baptism（ 洗礼 /严 峻考 验 ）p1041. How to baptize, generally speaking【总的来说，如何洗礼？】?2. As for infant baptism, which of the following statements are true, which are 西文化概论习题第 10 页 共 15 页false?1). Only the parents of the infant come to the rite（仪式/惯例）.2). A golden baptism d
28、ress is prepared for the baby.3). Photographs and videos（影像资料） are forbidden during the baptism.4). At the moment of baptism, the priest（牧师） utters （说出）the words “ God bless you, Amen!”5). The christening gown （洗礼仪式礼服）may also be handed down form generation to generation if it is well kept.6). Catho
29、lics（天主教徒，不是巧克力） believe that babies are born in sin（罪）.7). From the Protestant（新教） view, infant baptism is a promise made by the parents that the parents will raise it in a godly （神圣的） home and bring it to church services.III. Courtship and Marriagep107A). Courtship（求爱）and engagement （订婚）1. In the
30、West, when a man and a woman date, _.A. the man always pay the billB. the woman usually pay her own way during the day.2. When should a man pay the bill?3. If the couple of lovers are going into marriage, the man should make a proposal （建议）by _ to the woman.A. giving a house B. giving a bunch of flowers C. giving a car D. giving a ring4. Generally speaking, who will declare（声明） the engagement and wedding notice ?The brides parents.(新娘的父母将会在订婚和婚礼仪式上进行声明）
