1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题融资决策资料来源HTTP/ENCOURSGRATUITSNET/3/FINANCINGDECISIONPHP作者MATTHEVANS我们已经在第一章理解了什么是资本,在第二章了解了如何计算资本成本。这门课的其余部分将几种讨论如何安排融资,即我们如何筹集资金。而融资决策必须考虑几个因素。这些因素包括灵活性今天的融资决策,将影响未来的融资决策。如果企业预计在未来的资本提高,那现在就不能最大限度地发挥其债务的使用。我们需要提供一个缓冲,使我们可以与未来的融资决策具有灵活性。风险债务融资会增加风险。这里有个到底有多少债务我们可以利用,来为我们的业务提供资金的限制。
2、太多的债务,最终会导致企业破产。收入融资会影响收入,进而影响净资产收益率。如果我们关注股东回报,那么我们的融资决策需要调整,收入也是影响我们的能力,采取债务利息税前扣除的优势。控制如果我们关注组织的控制,那么我们必须关注如何融资将怎么改变控制。融资决策不是和所有权(股权)有联系就是和债权人(债务)有联系。时机融资决策需要把握市场优势的时机。什么类型的证券该卖该什么时候卖融资负债到底要用哪一个到期时间再融资风险在融资决策中的目标之一是与寿命的资产负债的期限相匹配。这使得负债自行清偿。如果负债的期限少于资产预期寿命,那么你面对再融资的风险,因为你必须筹集新的资本还清负债。如果负债的期限长于资产预期
3、寿命,然后将周围大量的资产还债。然而,这些剩余资产可能无法赚取足够的,以增加公司的市场价值。如果不提供融资,会发生资产和负债会的不匹配。例如,假如不提供长期2融资。短期融资来源可能已经被使用。也还是可以故意出现不匹配现象。举个例子,假设你长期利率下跌。你可能需要融资在短期内到期的资产,因为在短短几点后你再融资的话就会有更低的利率。通胀在融资决策中要考虑的另一个因素是通货膨胀。通过债务融资的高通胀期间,你会偿还,值得与美元的债务。作为对通胀上升的预期,借贷利率将提高,因为债权人必须在价值损失补偿。由于通胀是利率背后的主要推动力,融资决策应认识到通货膨胀趋势。发行成本权益资本来源的成本超过债务资本
4、来源。原因之一是由于较高的风险对投资者。每当投资者承担更多的风险,他们要求更高的回报率,即风险回报的权衡。此外,实际的口袋与股权融资成本高于债务融资。这些费用被称为浮选成本。浮选成本包括发行证券的所有费用,如银行费用,法律费用,申请费用等。资本的边际成本在融资决策中的一个基本考虑是,我们需要提高多少钱如果我们假设所有项目都具有相同的风险的平均水平,那么我们可以建立一个最优的资本预算策划资本的边际成本。资金和所需资金的成本之间的关系被称为资本的边际成本。资本率的边际成本是用于资本预算分析的折现率。边际资本成本的计算公式如下1确定融资成本,和每个资金来源所需的百分比债务,股票,留存收益。2计算突破
5、点的加权平均资本成本开始增加根据不同的融资计划。突破点,可以计算公式为最高限额最低资本/这种资本的具体来源提供资金的百分比来源。3计算资本加权平均成本之间的断电,融资范围4可以用一个图,显示资本成本在融资总额的范围。如果一个项目的内部收益率大于资本的边际成本,那么这个项目应该被接受。280万美元,资本成本的跳跃从98至123。如果我们把这图和我们提出的项目进行比较,我们将选择项目A和B,因为他们有一个内部收益率大于资本的边际成本(98,高达280万美元和28亿美元以上的123)。项目A的总投资额和B为350万美元(18项目通过A17项目B)。因此,3主教公司的最优资本预算是350万美元。息税前
6、利润/每股收益的比较在前面的例子中,我们选择了一个50/50的混合融资资本项目。资本管理的目标之一是要找到正确的混合资本。前利息税根据不同的筹资计划,每股盈利(EPS)的比较收益率(EBIT)可以帮助确定哪种类型的融资是最有利的的债务融资或股权融资。由于债务对息税前利润的影响不大,我们开始我们的分析与息税前利润。我们只是想计算的每股收益将根据每个融资计划。绘制在图表上的债务和股票融资计划。根据我们所期望的EBIT要的,图中可以告诉我们,融资计划将给予我们最高的每股收益。下面的图形绘制的EBIT和EPS债务和股票融资下在一个200万美元的EBIT的水平,每股收益是相同的,下的股票或债券融资计划。
7、如果我们预期息税前利润低于200万美元的,那么我们将有利于股票的计划,因为它产生较高的每股收益。如果我们预期息税前利润2万美元以上,债务将是首选考虑的风险增加后,超过股票。在上面的例子,这是很清楚,阿特科可以受益于使用更多的债务。然而,假设阿特科预计息税前利润在未来几年大幅下降。阿特科应图两种融资计划,根据不同层次的息税前利润。为了准备一个图,我们需要确定三点1息税前利润所需的最低水平,以支付100的股份计划下的固定融资费用(债务和优先股)。2息税前利润的最低水平,需要支付固定的100债券计划下的融资费用(债务和优先股)。3每股收益是相同的,联合计划和100,100的债券计划下的冷漠点。可以使
8、用下面的公式计算出断点EPS(每股收益)EBITI1TRPD/流通股的数量EPS每股股份的EBIP利息税之前的TR盈利税税率PD优先股股利现在,我们已经计算出每例13全取三分,我们可以总结下面的图表我们的分析我们在息税前利润为760,000美元,每股收益110美元。风险评估一旦返回已根据不同的融资计划与息税前利润/每股收益比较分析,这是必4要的风险评估。常用的覆盖率来评估不同的融资计划有关的风险。覆盖率表明额外的风险与更高级别的债务融资相关。覆盖率的例子包括负债总资产比率长期负债/总资产利息保障倍数比率息税前利润/利息支出时报负担酣畅比率息税前利润/利息费用(本金还款/(1TR)有针对性的债务
9、水平建立正确的混合资本的一种方法,是按照有针对性的债务水平。由于一些债务水平是可取维持较高的回报,许多经理将建立其资本结构的目标债务水平(如40的资金应债)。因此,融资决策,有时应该考虑的覆盖率针对性地设置。使用更多的债务关注的主要问题之一是有能力支付额外的固定费用。正如我们刚才在前面部分讨论的,覆盖率是用来监视债务水平。使用更多的债务关注的另一个问题是财务上的灵活性。由于我们增加了债务,我们的风险封山的资金来源,在未来的可能性。如果我们期望在未来越来越多的融资,那么,我们需要确保我们到自来水以上的长期债务融资的灵活性。整个过程融资决策往往归结为三个步骤的基本过程1测量根据不同的融资计划回报率
10、。根据不同的融资计划的息税前利润/每股收益的比较,可以帮助。您还需要了解多少收益将在未来成长。如果您预期息税前利润下降,在未来,那么你将有利于对债务存量。如果你预期收益的强劲增长,那么你的服务能力较高的债务负担,从而对债务俯身权益。2每个计划的风险评估。我们的目标是一些利用杠杆增长的业务,避免股权的过度负荷。覆盖率(如前面所讨论的)是广泛用于监控风险。在理想的情况下,你要根据所需的增长率(G)的业务增长。所需的增长率可以计算如下GPXRXAXT其中P是利润,R是留成比例,一个是资产周转率,T是财务杠杆。如果实际增长率超过预期的增长速度,那么你需要确保你不借用太沉重,因为你需要保持借款能力。较高
11、的债务负荷快速增长的公司可以忍住值。如果是低增长,与债务融资可能是首选,因为稳定的现金流量提供债务融资。生长缓慢,企业需要积极寻求增加增长的投资机会。3认识到财务上的灵活性需要。选择融资计划,未来的灵活性允许,可以对未来成功的关键。您必须能够在未来有竞争力的投资,以维持或提高市场占5有率。6外文文献原文TITLEFINANCINGDECISIONMATERIALSOURCEHTTP/ENCOURSGRATUITSNET/3/FINANCINGDECISIONPHPAUTHORMATTHEVANSWEHAVEANUNDERSTANDINGOFWHATCAPITALISCHAPTER1ANDWEU
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