1、自主学习 6Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices
2、. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write the corresponding letter for each item in the blank. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.If youve lived for long in New York City, chances are youve lived in
3、 several different places. On the map of where we live now is also where we used to live, just across the park, a few subway stops 1)_north or south. That is one of the characteristics of this city-we are 2) _near to our past. Some people move from Ohio to Oregon. We move from 93rd to 13th, from Alp
4、habet City to Carroll Gardens, all over town.And what 3)_ of the old neighborhood? In one 4)_, nothing. You were only a minor molecule in its chemistry. Go back a week after youve 5)_, and the same dogs are pulling their owners to the park, the same people sitting out. Let enough time pass, and thin
5、gs become a little ghostly. It begins to feel as though the 6)_has forgotten you, instead of the other way around. When you lived there, nothing changed without your noticing it. Now the changes accumulate unperceived(未被察觉的 ), and you begin to realize that a part of you has 7)_ into the past.New Yor
6、k is a 8)_ and public city. You can walk past the shops and admire the brownstones. You can hear about the diner that used to be on that corner and what happened that one night. Try as you might to be a tourist in someone elses past, you end up seeing only the present. Thats how the new neighborhood
7、 looks at first- the one youve just moved to. You 9)_ into the present, and it ages around you until one day you 10)_up with a new old neighborhood.A) aspect F) geographically K) neighborhoodB) becomes G) grand L) physicallyC) end H) left M) senseD) familiar I) live N) settleE) farther J) moved O) v
8、anished1-5 EFBMJ 6-10 KOGNCSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
9、once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by writing the corresponding letter in the blank.Why Teenagers Really Do Need an Extra Hour in Bed?A) “Making teens start school in the morning is cruel ,“ brain doctor claims. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a
10、 talk I gave at an academic conference. One disbelieving reader responded: “ This man sounds brain-dead. “B) That was a typical reaction to work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structur
11、e of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy in London; others are considering following suit.C) So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs? The biology of human
12、 sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and waking times get later. This trend continues until 19.5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence.
13、 On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a.m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a.m. start for a person in their 50s.D) Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones (荷尔蒙 ) at adolescence and the decline in th
14、ose hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by parents, a general disregard for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on, all of which promote alertness and ea
15、t into time available for sleep.E) The amount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but all studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early school starts.F) Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Provi
16、dence, Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic performance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurpris
17、ingly, teachers reported students dozing in class.G) Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrated its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise solutions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Exci
18、ted behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic (新陈代谢的 ) changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for n
19、egative conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病 ), overweight and high blood pressure.H) Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to compensate for sleep loss, and caffeinated (含咖啡咽的 ) and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness al
20、so increases the likelihood of taking up smoking.I) In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found
21、 that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Monkseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic performance.J) However, a later start by itself is not enough. Soc
22、iety in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a fundamental biological need, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others.K) If you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or parent, to get you out of bed ;
23、if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; ff your behavior is overly impulsive, it means you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleep-dark and not too warm-dont text, use a computer or watch TV f
24、or at least half an hour before trying to sleep avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural light in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch.L) It is my strongly held View, based upon the evidence,
25、that the efforts of dedicated (专注的，投入的 ) teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and education will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports:
26、 we must do better.11. In the US and UK, several schools that have delayed the start of the school day witnessed a progress in academic performance.12. Nap is not favored as it may prohibit teens from adjusting the body clock to an earlier time.13. The hormones in human body decrease step by step as
27、 people get older.14. The author has found in his recent observations that teens need to sleep for longer hours on a school night.15. Education can be more rewarding when the students sleep is taken seriously.16. A tiring “adolescent usually takes caffeinated drinks as a compensation for sleep loss.
28、17. Geographic region together with social class and nationality may lead to sleep differences among teenagers.18. The general public didnt believe fire teens sleep patterns illustrated by a brain doctor.19. Sleep loss not only will do harm to teenagers mental and emotional state but also potentiall
29、y threaten their physical fitness.20. The sleeping patterns of human and those of other mammals vary with age.11-15 IKDFL 16-20 HEAGCSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices
30、 marked A), B), C), D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter in the blank.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.With the unemployment rate topping 8% and the government $16 trillion in debt, its easy to question why taxpayers are spending
31、 $ 2.5 billion on an SUV- sized Mars rover (探测车) named Curiosity, which landed successfully on the red planet in the early hours of Monday. Couldnt this money go toward something closer to home, such as providing shelter for the homeless or building roads? Yes, it could. But this kind of thinking is
32、 shortsighted.The Mars project is the latest manifestation of Americas restless desire to answer previously unanswerable questions and take on new challenges. To paraphrase President John F. Kennedy, America does things like this not because they are easy, but because they are hard.Getting the probe
33、 down safely on Mars, after a 350 million mile journey, was certainly no easy feat. Virtually all the technology used in the approach and landing was new, or used in new ways. Once settled in, Curiosity should be a particularly awe-inspiring project. It is designed to shed light on big questions: Co
34、uld life forms have ever existed on Mars? Might they still exist? And are we alone in the universe ?When budgets are tight, space projects such as Curiosity come in for particular abuse. They are often portrayed as complicated flights of odd ideas. They are not. They are both inspirational and immen
35、sely practical. Technology is, after all, an engine of economic growth. If that is a goal, as well it should be, why not support a program that makes science exciting and showcases some of the most interesting things that technology can do? One of the main benefits of projects like this one is to pr
36、omote a confident America. Throughout history, nations that explore, and engage in science, lead the world. Beginning in the 15th century, for example, European nations sent sailors around the globe and provided the impetus for thinkers such as Copernicus, Galileo and Newton to invent modern physics
37、 and astronomy. Not coincidentally, Europe came to dominate the world until the dawn of the 20th century.Those who would slash space program budgets apparently havent learned historys lessons and dont see the great possibilities that the future presents-possibilities reflected in every image transmi
38、tted back from the rover.21. Why is it easy to question why taxpayers money is spent on Curiosity?A) Because Curiosity costs too much money.B) Because the economic situation is depressed.C) Because the money should be spent on the people.D) Because Curiosity is meaningless and impractical.22. Accord
39、ing to the first paragraph, the author believes that _.A) people should view Curiosity in the long termB) Curiosity will generate more benefits than other thingsC) people should not focus too much on economic situationD) Curiosity is more important than economic development23. Although the probe on
40、Mars is not easy, America still insists it because _.A) new technology and new ways are found to solve the problemsB) the probe can shed light on many big questionsC) the nations confidence can be strengthened through the probeD) the nation has a restless desire to take on new challenges24. Why does
41、 the author say space projects are practical?A) Because they make science exciting.B) Because they promote economic growth.C) Because they increase Americas national power.D) Because they show what technology can bring.25. The author uses Europe from 15th century to 20th century as an example to sug
42、gest that_ .A) nations which send sailors around the globe will be strongerB) nations which develop physics and astronomy will be strongerC) nations which support science exploration will be strongerD) nations which dominate the world will be strongerPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the fo
43、llowing passage.The argument that global warming is causing more extreme weather is problematic because it presumes the globe is warming. In fact, the global temperature trend line has been stable for more than a dozen years, while carbon dioxide has increased 7%. If carbon dioxide was the driver, t
44、hen why have global temperatures stopped increasing?Keep in mind that carbon dioxide represents 0.0395% of the Earths atmosphere. Arguing that carbon dioxide is driving the small temperature variations in our climate as opposed to the oceans, which cover70% of the planet and have 1,000 times the hea
45、t capacity of air, or the output of our sun, is scientifically disturbing.Weather is more publicized nowadays because of its impact on society and the constant push of the global warming agenda. Increases in population result in more people being in the path of Mother Natures great anger. Global war
46、ming activists attribute every major weather event to man because they are either uninformed about history, or choose to ignore it. The latest claims resulting from this series of hot and dry summers ignore the fact that more state heat records were set in the 1930s than all other decades of the las
47、t century combined. Anyone remember the Dust Bowl?Seven major hurricanes hit the East Coast from 1954 to 1960. Now that we are in a pattern similar to the 1950s, the East Coast is vulnerable once again, and attributing events like Hurricane Irene to global warming is incorrect. All the Intergovernme
48、ntal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC. projections for our climate have proved to be wrong. Global temperatures have stopped increasing and are nowhere near estimates made a decade ago. The IPCC incorrectly predicted Arctic sea ice would disappear by now.After Katrina in 2005, more and stronger hurrica
49、nes were forecast to be the future. The Accumulated Cyclone(气旋 ) Energy Index for the globe has instead declined to the lowest level in 30 years. This does not mean we will not see warm weather and land-falling hurricanes. We are in a pattern similar to the 1950s when U.S. heat and drought as well as East Coast land-failing hurricanes were quite prevalent.Perhaps when the Atlantic becomes cold, we will be hearing Ice Age scares again as we did in the 1970s.26. A
