1、考研英语阅读使用逻辑关系解题考研大纲中对阅读能力的要求非常明确，其中包括：理解文章总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；理解作者的意图、观点或态度；区分论点和论据。这几种能力实际上是相辅相成，相互影响的，只有具有基本的阅读能力，即能正确理解长难句的基础上，能够区分论点和论据，理清段落内部句子之间的关系，才能算是掌握了这种能力，在做相应的题目时候才能够准确无误。下面以 2009 年阅读中的一道题目为例，分析段落内上下文的关系，以及如何设置题目来考察此类阅读能力的。It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other count
2、ries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrialcompetitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign compet
3、ition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Nowthere is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July). Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as thou
4、gh the making of semiconductors,which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_。ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketBsemic
5、onductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesCmachine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsDauto industry had lost part of its domestic market本段第句为观点句，句为观点的展开。第句中，提示观点的核心词为 primacy /narrowed。 为同样的意思，只不过 primacy/narrowed 被用另外的词替换掉了，句中的替换词是retreat from predominance, 句中的替换词是
6、 fading industrial competitiveness。这这是在保持观点一致的前提下展开观点，但同时又有观点的补充，句中在阐述了基本观点后，补充其后果可能是 painful 的，句中补充到截止到上世纪 90 年代中期，这种后果表现为很多人 at a loss。行文思路到这里是清晰的，一个是主导地位丧失，一由此带来的影响（painful/at a loss） 。根据下文的内容，可以看出，作者是用论据证明主导地位丧失的具体体现。 概括出一些行业或者 shrunk 或者vanish。说的是电视制造业，用了一个时间上的对比 By 1987与 Now，说明电视制造业现在是 none,即 v
7、anish，说明电视制造业消失。 说的是汽车和纺织业，这两个行业的现状是 Foreign products sweeping into the domestic market /on the ropes，意为命悬一线，这两个行业已经 shrunk。介绍的是半导体行业，这个行业是 next casualty，也表明是 shrunk,而还没有 vanish。从上面分析可以看出，该段的清晰的逻辑关系，或者论据与论点都分别是什么。结合题目分析：A 选项中的 withdrawn 与原文 vanish 矛盾，为错误选项。B semiconductor 行业被取代与原文说的 will be next casualty 不符；C machine-tool 行业垮掉（collapse）与原文中 on the ropes 不符 D 汽车行业 lost part of domestic market 与原文 Foreign products sweeping into the domestic market 意思一致，为正确选项。可以看出在理清了段落中上下为的逻辑关系，做题目就会找到非常准确的依据，也能更好地运用一些做题技巧。
