1、考研英语历年真题阅读长难句 100 句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions,for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations,it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】 尽管警告常常是适当而且
2、必须的比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而( 我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。【分析】 在这个主从复合句中，it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured 是主句。主句用了一个形式主语 it，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句，而 that 从句之后是一个 if 引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用 and 连接。破折
3、号之间的部分是举例说明 warnings 的内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations 中的 many 是指 many warnings。2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transpo
4、rt . 【译文】 由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易 ) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。【分析】 句子主干结构是 Additional social stresses may also occur because of.简单句+ because of 表示的原因状语，整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后； because of 后面有两个宾语 the population explosion or problems；名词 problems 带有现在分词短语作后置定语 arising from mass migration movemen
5、ts； themselves 指前面的名词短语mass migration movements，后面的过去分词短语是 themselves 的定语。 3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.【译文】 新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”
6、似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。【分析】 主句也是一个 there 加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是 which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国的，此处是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates 的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的 a story line 和 backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。4. This
7、 phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.【译文】 这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。【分析】 全句的主干是 This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语 )：一个是 the role
8、(of smaller economic firms， of national businessmen) ，另一个是 the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构，这样句子肯定更通畅些。5. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWsthe locations,place names and n
9、ame brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.【译文】 当然，人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变，但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。【分析】 此处出现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly 和 less in demand today than a decade o
10、r two years ago。另外要特别注意句中的双重否定：一是 do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是 do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。6. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American
11、 materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【译文】 相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书
12、的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐，倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。【分析】 本句的主句是 we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定语从句 (which now more than ever seem in ample supply) 修饰 spectacles。冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语，其核心词分别是 critic，publisher 和 journalist。spectacles 在文中意为“壮观景象” ，有一定的反讽意味。7. This does not mean that ambition is
13、at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.【译文】 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了；而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。【分析】 这是一个简单句，主干是 this does not mean，后面接了三个并列的 that 从句作 mean 的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it 指代 ambition，no longer openl
14、y honored 是插入语，作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings 意思是 that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。8. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.【译文】
15、 对抱负的攻击非常之多，而且观点不尽相同；公开为之辩解的则少之又少，而且并不为人注意，尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。【分析】 此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句，后面的一个分句中有一个 where 引导的定语从句，从整体上来修饰 its public defenders，只不过先行词用了 where。9. The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporte
16、rs and their readers.【译文】 对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任，其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。【分析】 本句的主干是一个 notbut 结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是 inaccuracy 和 the daily clash。本句的主干是 The astonishing distrust of the news media isnt rooted。两个分词短语充当句子的状语。10. Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disa
17、ster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.【译文】 幸好，如果门垫和炉子忘了提醒你可能的危险，一切成功的诉讼就会赔偿人的损失。大约从 20 世纪 80 年代初开始，陪审员开始越来越多的裁定公司必须为其顾客的不幸负责。【分析】 句子本身并不复杂，两个句
18、子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster 是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中，or so the thinking has gone 是一个倒装结构，正常的语序应该是 or the thinking has gone so(或者说人们是这么想的)。11. If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters wh
19、o differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.【译文】 如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。【分析】 本句是一个虚拟语句。it 代表上文提到的 a troubled business，即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语 it 跟了两个并列的谓语成分：一是 would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look for reporters。repo
20、rters 后面跟了一个定语从句。 now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入语，作 program 的定语。12. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”【译文】 对于这样的人，以及更多也许不太出色的人而言，恰当的行为准则是：“不惜一切代价获得成功，但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”【分析】 For such people
21、 and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的状语，主语是 the proper formulation，谓语是系动词 is，表语是引号里的内容。13. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.【译文】在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的国家的经济中，跨国公司的分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。【分析】 本句的主干是 Int
22、ernational affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies，后面的 that open up and welcome foreign investment 是 economies 的定语从句。注意一些词汇的含义：affiliate 是名词，意为“分支机构” ，此处是指在世界各地都有分支的多国公司，并且是全句的主语；account for 是“的原因” ；economies 在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。14. I believe that the most important
23、forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands .【译文】 我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同
24、的：运输通信费用下降；贸易与投资障碍减少；市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。【分析】 本句是一个嵌套宾语从句，不过也并不难理解。主句是 I believe that，that后面是 Ibelieve 的内容。第二个宾语从句修饰的是 same，即 the same that underlie the globalization process。冒号的内容则进一步说明 globalization process 的内容。15. And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending
25、 competition” on issues that affect many other nations,as in the US vs. Microsoft case ?【译文】 在那些将会影响许多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应该担负起“保护竞争”的责任呢？【分析】 此句的主干是 should one country take upon itself the role，而 that affect many other nations 是 issues 的定语从句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的补语。on
26、 issues是 take upon itself the role 的状语。注意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句，另外，vs.的意思对正确理解也很重要，它是指“对垒，对阵”，在法律的情景中就是“起诉，对簿公堂”的意思。16. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
27、【译文】 旨在使学生胜任某种工作的教育是职业教育，它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及教育之间有很大差别。【分析】 这个句子的主语是 An education，后面 that 引导的从句既是主语的定语，表语是 a technical education。过去分词 justified 引导的短语修饰 a technical education，radically different from why education is universally required by law 是 reasons 的后置定语。17. Rather,we have a certain conception of th
28、e American citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.【译文】 我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。【分析】 这个句子的难点在于理解 a certain conception of the American citizen，即
29、 a character outside of himself。这里的 a character 是指 the American citizen，其后是一个 who引导的定语从句；该定语从句是主从复合句，其中主句是 who is incomplete，if 引导条件从句，这个条件从句中的谓语动词 assess 跟了一个 how 引导的宾语从句。18. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where
30、the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.【译文】 另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。【分析】 这里的主语 this 指的是前面所说的 professional training，后面不定式短语中动词 produce 的宾语是 professional，前面的成分是修饰这个词的短语，接着是地点状语，其中 country 带了两个修饰成分：前一个是形容词性的短语 as
31、large as ours，后一个是where 引导的定语从句，这个从句的主语 the economy 有两个谓语动词：is 和 involves，后面都用了相似的结构 so many，表示强调。19. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experimentalthough no one had proposed to do soan
32、d asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.【译文】 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验尽管还没有人建议这么做他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在 90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关
33、克隆人的国家政策的建议。【分析】 这是一个长句，主语是 he，谓语是 ordered 和 asked。现在分词短语 ( Declaring that to clone humans ) 作伴随状语，其中又包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句。Ordered 后跟了一个宾语从句，asked 后跟了一个名词短语，它由过去分词 chaired 修饰，其中含一个表示目的的不定式。20. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively hi
34、gh profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.【译文】 一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称“ 我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起”来掩盖我的退出。【分析】 本句中 a lateral move 是主语，promoted 是谓语，t
35、hat hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress 是 a lateral move 的定语，although，with my family 是状语，其中逗号之间的 in the manner of a disgraced government minister 是插入语。21. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tir
36、ed excuse into an absolute reality.【译文】 奇怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。【分析】 本句主干是 my experiment. has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个 turn sth. into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。注意抓句子的主干，其中主语的修饰部分 in what the Americans term “downshifting”看不懂可以跳过去。当然
37、，如果我们对英语的预感较好，就可以猜测 downshifting 一词的意思与驾驶骑车有关，在这里，作者把生活比喻为开车，因此放弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。22. But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.【译文】 但是，对一小部分学生来说，职业
38、教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。【分析】 该句是个主从复合句，前面 for 引导的短语表示的是对象，注意主句的表语the way 跟了一个不定式 to go，从句由 since 引导，这个从句的主干结构是 skills can be the difference，其中 difference 带了一个介词短语 between and，and 后面的 not 可以补足为 not having a job。all other factors being equal 是一个独立主格结构，在本句中作为插入短语，起到限制的作用。23. I have bee
39、n transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.【译文】 我从一个“ 全力以赴” 的生活哲学在过去七年里林达 凯尔西一直在女性杂志鼓吹这种生活方式的积极倡导者，一改而成为随遇而安的女人。 【分析】 该句的主干结构是 I
40、 have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all” into a woman。preached by magazine 是过去分词短语，作 the philosophy of “have it all”的定语，插在 frominto 之中，造成了句子的割裂。翻译时，可把分词短语译成一个分句，其他照原文顺序翻译。24. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation fr
41、om the editorship of She after a build up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”,and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.【译文】 我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后，
42、从惹人注目的女性杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。【分析】 本句中 as perhaps Kelsey will引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered 与 that 引导的宾语从句之间，从而造成动宾之间的分割。as 引导的从句中省略了谓语动词 discover，是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为 abandoningand making并列的动名词短语；谓语为 bring sth with sth 结构，只是因宾语过长，而把 with 短语提前了。25. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinis
43、m which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.【译文】 汤姆进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。【分析】 句子的主干为 Tom came to believe in a sort of linguist
44、ic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句，修饰 linguistic determinism。在由 which 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词 states 跟了两个宾语从句：一是 that language imprisons the mind，一是 and that the grammatical patternssociety。注意：句中 imprison the mind 不能译成“把大脑 (或思想) 关进牢房”，只能译成“ 禁锢思想 (或思维)”。 26. These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyda
45、y pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.【译文】 互联网已经改变了购书和寄信这样的日常活动，如今也正在改变多诺万所从事的职业。【分析】 句子的主干是 the Netis reshaping Donovans vocation，由 which 引导的非限定性定语从句 (which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail)用来补充说明 the Net。27. Th
46、e rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.【译文】 反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现，而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅是一个理想，而且是一种意识形态。【分析】 此句是一个简单句，主干是 The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks th
47、e emergence of mass mediaa commercial culture。with it 中的 it 是指 the emergence of mass media。另外，in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology 是一个定语从句，修饰 a commercial culture。28. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Ha
48、thaways Cottage,Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.【译文】 也有一些市镇居民很大程度上依靠游客生活，这些游客不是来看戏剧的，而是游览安娜.海瑟威的小屋、莎士比亚诞生地以及其他景点的。【分析】 定语从句 (who largely live off the tourists) 修饰 the townsfolk，而该定语从句的宾语 the tourists 的后面又跟了另一个定语从句。注意，不能把 not to see the plays 的主语看作是 the townsfolk。29. According to their l
49、atest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.【译文】 根据他们最近在自然杂志上发表的文章，大型食肉的海洋生物（一种杀死和吃其它动物的生物）的捕获量在不到 15 年的时间里已经减少了 80%。【分析】 句子的结构比较简单，但要注意数字的表述，而这正是考试的内容。在新渔场开始捕鱼的 15 年之内，大型捕食动物的生物量平均减少 80%，而在此之后又减少了一半，即剩下的 20%又减少了一半，因而应该只剩下 10%了。30. But this was not always the case； before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age,it was widely accepted
