1、 本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 毕业设计（论文）题目：射灯冲孔成型机设计 外文题目： Utility of Technology for Rural Area- An Amla Punching Machine 译文题目： 农村地区 -阿姆拉冲床技术实用 学 院： 机械工程学院 学 号： 130101414 专业班级： 机自 1304 班 学生姓名： 谭海龙 指导教师： 孟新宇 年 月 日 译文 农村地区的新兴前沿技术国际会议（ efitra） 2012 发表在国际期刊（计算机应用ijca） 农村地区 -阿姆拉冲床技术实用 kakde Apoorva N.P.Awate 助理教授， 助理教授
2、 bapurao Deshmukh工程学院， raisoni工程学院， Sewagram（沃尔塔）（ MS）印度 那格浦尔印度（ MS） 摘要 一个经济的生产解决方案是必要的，使产品价格负担得起的小工业和农村地区的人在家工作赚钱。本研究的目的是投资 IGATE 克服冲洗而制造 Murabba 和提供一个既经济又产生更好的结果的而且能解决 手动过程中出现的问题的操作员。此外，人体工程学（健康）的经营是一个大问题，因为它可能会伤害工人手腕和手。编写机器的 Pro/E 模型，以便根据需要进行修改过程。没有机器或设备可冲洗头。该模型将提供在提高生产率和劳动工作可以最小化。逐步研究提出设计和制造的机器是
3、可负担的，需要很少或根本没有培训的操作和维护。这样可以提高生产率，减轻工人疲劳度。 关键词 经济生产、农村地区，冲压机的设计。 1.介绍 在印度，阿姆拉冲压机正在大规模用于各种用途，如制造 murraba，泡菜等。但手工制作方法采购方法效率较低，不适合生产者 。本文对冲孔机的设计与分析，在农村地区，这种类型的机器是非常有用和要求，手工方法消耗更多的腌汁和时间。这台机器还没有制造或发明，所以我们打算设计和分析这台机器，这样可以减少时间，提高效率。 2.文献 阿姆拉制作泡菜在印度和所采用的方法是基于祖母的传统知识。此外，反洗钱法一直是 Chavan 的重要成分。以前使用的方法是不卫生的和消耗时间的
4、。这些方法的营养损失较高。我们还利用反洗钱法制造腌汁。我们使用反洗钱法冲床而不用手动方法腌汁。但是，问题是小事故也时有报道。而手工制的生活 ED产品也较少，质量达不到要求。 1995 年， BAIF 实施了“ jannothan项目”。项目支持 阿姆拉 和芒果种植。以帮助提升来自部落的家庭的经济。在该项目下， Aonla Utpadak Samiti（委员会）的形成和发展帮助生产各种产品（如糖果、拉杜汁、南瓜粉、泡菜、等）。这一举措现在帮助荒地复兴，也为部落生活提供机会机会。农村社区可以受益于营销洗很多营销即通过集体 形成生产者组织当地农民、妇女团体。重要的是，农业社区和妇女的权利获得自然，生
5、产和可再生资源，如土地， P 植物遗传资源、种子、水和森林。 Khadi Gramudyog 一直在推动 反洗钱法糖果有丰富的维他命 C 成分和变化的 Amla（深色蜂蜜混合均匀的 的混合物）在商标名称“亲爱的 Amla”作为食品的一种良好的饮料时需要采取用温水冲制。被认为是几年一个小森林产生之后，商业 对反洗钱法专门培养大大加快主要是由于由反洗钱法印度阿育吠陀和保健产品的需求上升。约 122614 亩，是印度醋栗栽培下 产量 150500 吨。 Amla 具有热储存稳定的维生素 C 人类已知的最高水平。每日摄入新鲜或加工的形式降低血清胆固醇， 管理控制酸度、肝脏疾病、须发早白、脱发、明目、净
6、化血液。在印度，各类产品正在由 Amla 生产 ，如： Amla murabba（ PR 知道）， Amla Amla ladoo， Amla burfi， Amla，泡菜、糖果、 Amla 果酱、醋栗酱，醋栗醋栗汁、南瓜粉、 Amla。 3.机器要求 我们已经决定准备阿姆拉冲孔机因为主要在农村地区的人们工作在 Khadi gramaudyog 和他们制造的各种产品在国内的销售。本机的气缸 此种针平台拳在其整个圆周 amlas。一个单一的反洗钱法冲的十倍以上，在其整个表面。冲头的深度为 10-15 毫米。打孔后， amlas 从孔排出，可以收集在塑料盒里。整机配有电机、起动机等。 当用手 做为
7、农村人运行 Khadi Gramodyog。在他们家里感觉很难冲洗。因为它需要那么大的力气进行同样的过程。同样，矿山机械化这个过程会减少耗力和简化过程，提高生产率和经济。我们设计的阿姆拉冲孔机适合小规模的产业。直到现在，大多数小规模工业应用手动制作可以证明对工人有害。这个过程是非常耗费更多的时间，更少的生产率。特别是在农村地区最多做的人的家庭经营或许多组织在农村地区如 Mahila Bachat Gat 做这个生意打 amlas 的所有操作引发用法手动导致更少的产量从而少赚钱。我们的机器有能力克服这些问题，使生活 更好的人做这项业务在农村地区。 3.1 客观性 这台机器成本低，生产率高。它的危
8、害更小，耗电更少，需要更少的监督和更少的人力 .年轻人或没有培训任何人都可以很容易地操作机器，由于其成本低，农村地区的人很容易买到它。 4.冲孔机的工作及结构 首先为冲洗头选择合适的编号。 将 amlas 倒在料斗。通过对反洗法适合料斗，数量低于在圆柱形滚筒对之间。 Amalas 进行冲 孔 是 通过 安装在滚筒的圆周上 的冲针来进行的 。通过第一组后，再 让 amlas 掉落在二双滚筒使 amlas 再打一次。amlas 挂在冲针 上 、 用 专用洗清除工具是用来去除挂 amlas 的结构 。最后 把 amlas收集在收集器并将其用于制备 morraba。 反洗法冲孔机是刚性结构，主要包括以
9、下几个部分 框架 珀 滚筒 冲针 轴 轴承 平带 滑轮 清除工具 安全防 板 收集器 图 1 冲孔机装配视图 图 2 所有的视图与冲孔机尺寸 5.发展的需要 在手动冲压过程中工人需要不断握拳。这个过程是连续的，它可能会导致手腕疾病的工人在这个行业持续时间变长。当你紧握，抓住，握紧，掐或拧的东西在你的手，你用两大筋在手腕和拇指下。这些肌腱并肩运行从您的前臂通过到拇指腕侧。他们通常通过肌腱的连接链接到末端的拇指使得手容易产生肌腱炎（任期腱鞘炎也称），肌腱的滑膜发炎，将会限制手部运动。它是腱鞘的炎症，必须处理。因此有必要减少使用这些类型的手动流程，从而减少疲劳的工人和提高生产力。 6.用 pro/E
10、进行设计 图 1 和图 2 显示了冲孔机的 Pro/E 模型。如果将在机器进行模拟，可以很容易的修改程序要求的任何变化。该机实际上是虚拟制造的，它将耗资约 15000 / -大约这样，任何人购买都将是可行的。在实际制造的机器将使用和分析找出失败的原因而和在实际制造的领域如何进行必要的改变。在针轴上有压力变化的可能性。所以需要更多的考虑和设计。 7.总结 这种为制备 murraba 而设计的阿姆拉冲孔机是非常高效的。这是对阿姆拉的murrba 的制作中最大程度保留营养成分，减少消耗时间和保证安全卫生的研究设计。这种冲孔机所使用的材料被证明是对食物制作有益的材料，这对 在农村地区做家务的人来说将会
11、大有益处。 8.参考文献 Amulas 对当地人生活的帮助， bhagpura（乌代布尔）和 Ghatol（班斯瓦拉县）、拉贾斯坦（ Raj Ganguly，联合国粮农组织（ FAO）、新德里 *） A. Thimmaiah Sudhir，荷兰发展组织，廷布 http:/ CFTRI： 。 S. J. Ojolo 和 B. S. Ogunsina。“一个腰果裂解装置的研制”。农业工程 国际： CIGR电子期刊。手稿 PM 06 030。第九、六月、 2007。 PP 2-4 Gupta、 G.K.和 bopaiah，该（ 1986）。准备 aonla 腌汁与维生素 C 含量的简便方法。 Ind
12、. Hort。， 31:15。 一个“对 aonal采后技术研究论文报告（余甘子果实提取物中。）”， 园艺学系、农业山姆希金博特姆学院，科学与技术， 2007 年度在阿拉哈巴德 2009。 机械原理（货轮由 Ratan） 机械元件设计（ B. D. Shiwalkar） 产品设计（ Kevin Wood） agrosaw http:/ m.g.i.r.i.沃尔塔 International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Technology for Rural Area (EFITRA) 2012 Proceedings published in In
13、ternational Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA) Utility of Technology for Rural Area- An Amla Punching Machine Apoorva M Kakde Assitant Professor, Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Sewagram (Wardha) (MS) India ABSTRACT An economical manufacturing solution is necessary for making the produ
14、ct affordable to the small industries and rural area where people work at home for earning. The purpose of this study is to investigate and overcome the problems arising during the manual process of punching the Amla while manufacturing Murabba and provide a machine that is both economical and also
15、yield better results to the operator. Also the ergonomics (health) of the operator is a big issue as it can cause harm to the workers wrist and hand. A Pro E model of the machine is prepared so as to modify it as per the need of process. There is no machine or equipment available for punching of Aml
16、a. The model is expected to provide in increase the productivity and laboring work can be minimized. Research presents step by step designing and manufacturing of a machine which is affordable and requires little or no training for operation and maintenance. Production rate can be improved and fatig
17、ue to the worker can be reduced. Keywords Economical manufacturing, Rural Area, Amla Punching machine, Design. 1. INTRODUCTION In India, amlas are produced on a large scale which is used for various purposes such as making murraba, pickles,etc. But the method of making murabba by manual method is le
18、ss efficient and not suitable to maker. This paper is on the design and analysis of amla punching machine. In rural areas, such type of machine is very useful and demanded. The making of amlas murabba by manual method consumes more time. This machine is not yet manufactured or invented, so we are go
19、ing to design and analyze this machine which will reduce the time and increase the efficiency. 2. LITERATURE Amla has been in use for pickle and preserve since ages in India and the methods employed were based on traditional knowledge of grandmothers. Besides, amla has been an important ingredient f
20、or Chavanprash, Ayurvedic health tonic. The methods used previously were unhygienic in nature and time consuming. The nutrient loss in these methods was higher. We also use the amla for making murabba. We use the manual method to punch the amla for making murabba. But, the problem is that minor acci
21、dents have also been reported during manual punching, pricking and shredding. The life of the manually prepared products was also less and the quality not up to the mark. In 1995, BAIF implemented the “Jannothan Project.“ The project supported the plantation of Amla and Mango to uplift (“utthan)“ ec
22、onomically families from tribal communities. N.P. Awate Assistant Professor, Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur (MS) India Under the project, the Aonla Utpadak Samiti (committee) was formed and process unit developed to produce various products (i.e. candy, Ladoo juice, Squash, powder, pickle, e
23、tc). This initiative is now helping in revival of wastelands and also providing livelihood opportunities for tribal communities. 1 The rural communities can benefit a lot by marketing amla through collective marketing i.e. by forming producer organizations of local armers/womens groups. It is import
24、ant that the rights of farming communities and women have access to natural, productive and renewable resources like land, plant genetic resource, seeds, water and forest. 2 Khadi Gramudyog has been promoting Amla candies having a rich Vitamin C composition and a variation of Honey mixed with Amla (
25、dark colored homogenous mixture) under the trade name “Honey n Amla“ that serves as a good drink for diabetics when taken in with lukewarm water. 3 After being considered a minor forest produce for several years, commercial cultivation of amla has picked up greatly mainly due to rising demand for ay
26、urvedic and nutraceutical products made from amla in India. About 122,614 acres are under amla cultivation in India with an output of 150,500 tonnes. Amla possesses the highest level of heat and storage stable vitamin C known to man. Its daily intake as fresh or processed form decreases serum choles
27、terol, prevents indigestion, controls acidity, liver disorders, premature graying and hair loss, improves eyesight and purifies blood. In India, various types of products are being made by Amla, such as: Amla murabba (preserve), Amla pickle, Amla ladoo, Amla burfi, Amla candies, Amla jam, Amla chutn
28、ey, Amla powder, Amla juice, Amla squash. 3. REQUIREMENT OF THE MACHINE We have decided to prepare the amla punching machine because mainly in rural areas people work under Khadi gramaudyog and they manufacture various products at home to sale. In this machine, the cylindrical needle platform punche
29、s the amlas on its whole circumference. A single amla is punched more than ten times on its whole surface. The depths of the punches are 10-15 mm. After getting punched, the amlas are discharged from the machine and can be collected on plastic carats. The machine is complete with electric motor, sta
30、rter, etc. The same process when done by hand as the people in rural areas who run Khadi Gramodyog at their home feels it difficult to punch the Amla so deeply because it needs so much effort to punch it. Therefore there is need to mechanize this process which will reduce the effort and the process
31、easy and increase the productivity and economical. We are designing an AMLA PUNCHING MACHINE to make it affordable for small scale industry. Till now most of the small scale industries used to punch amlas manually which can prove harmful to the workers. This process is much more time consuming, less
32、 productivity. Especially in rural areas mostInternational Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Technology for Rural Area (EFITRA) 2012 Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA) of the people do household business or many organizations in rural areas such as Mahil
33、a Bachat Gat do this business of punching the amlas and all the operations done there are manual which result in less production and thus less earning. Our machine has the capability to overcome these problems and to make life better for the people doing this business in rural areas. Shaft Bearings
34、Flat Belt Pulley Amla Removal Tool Safety Guard Amla Collector3.1 Objective The machine will be having low cost and will give high productivity. It will be less harmful and less power consuming machine and it will need less supervision and less man power required. With little or no training anyone c
35、an easily operate the machine and due its low cost it will be feasible to people of rural area to easily buy it. 4. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF AMLA PUNCHING MACHINE First select the suitable numbers of amla for punching. Selected amlas are poured in to the hopper. Through the hopper, suitable numbe
36、rs of amla are dropped below in between the pair of cylindrical drum. Amla are then punched with the help of punching needles which are mounted on the circumference of the drum. After passing through the first pair of drum, then the amlas are dropped on the second pair of cylindrical drum so that th
37、e amlas are punched again. In this way the numbers of holes are made on the amlas. If the amlas are hanged in the punching needles, a special purpose amla removal tool is used to remove the hanged amlas. At last the punched amlas are collected in the collector and then it is used to prepare the morr
38、aba. Amla punching machine is a rigid structure consist of following parts Frame Hooper Cylindrical DrumPunching Needles 5. NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT In manual punching process, the amlas are held in hand continuously to give grip to punch. This process is continuous and it may cause the wrist disease to
39、 the workers who are in this profession from long duration. When you grip, grasp, clench, pinch or wring anything in your hand, you use two major tendons in your wrist and lower thumb. These tendons run side-by-side from your forearm through the thumb side of your wrist. They normally glide unhamper
40、ed through the small tunnel that connects them to the base of the thumb. In De Quervains tendonitis (the term tenosynovitis is also used), the tendons slippery covering becomes inflamed, restricting movement of the tendons. It is the inflammation of the tendon sheath that must be treated. So it is n
41、ecessary to mechanize these types of manual processes so as to reduce the fatigue to the worker and to increase the productivity. 6. DESIGN BY USING PRO-E Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows the Pro E model of proposed amla punching machine. If there will be any change in the machine than that can be made a
42、nd modified easily as per the requirement of the procedure. The machine is actually about to fabricated and it will cost 15000/- approximately so that it can be feasible for anyone to buy. Before actually fabricating the machine will be analyzed using ANSYS to find out the areas of failure while wor
43、king and needed changes can be made before actual fabrication. There are chances of stress over the needle shaft. So it will need more consideration while designing. Fig 1 Assembly view of Amla Punching Machine International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Technology for Rural Area (EFITRA) 2012
44、 Proceedings published in International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA) Fig 2 All views with Dimensions of Amla Punching Machine 7. CONCLUSION Amla punching machine is efficient to punch the amlas which is used for preparing the murraba. This is the modern technology mentioned in the study f
45、or preparation of amlas murabba is hygienic, consume lesser time and provide maximum retention of nutrients. As the people in rural areas do household work under khadi gramudyog this machine will be beneficial for them as it is designed to make with material which is approved for food manufacturing.
46、 8. REFERENCES 1 Amla Plantations Help in Livelihood Opportunities, Bhagpura (Udaipur) and Ghatol (Banswara), Rajasthan (from Raj Ganguly, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), New Delhi*) 2 A. Thimmaiah Sudhir, Netherlands Development Organization, Thimphu 3 cftri :http:/ 4
47、 . 5 S. J. Ojolo and B. S. Ogunsina. “Development of a Cashew Nut Cracking Device”. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Ejournal. Manuscript PM 06 030. Vol. IX. June, 2007. pp 2-4 6 Gupta, G.K. and Bopaiah, M.G. (1986). An easy way to prepare aonla murabba with vitamin C content. Ind. H
48、ort., 31:15. 7 A thesis report on “Studies on Post-Harvest Technology of Aonal (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) Fruits”, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Allahabad during the year 2007 2009. 8 Theory of Machines (By S. S. RATAN) 9 Design of Machine Elements (By B. D. Shiwalkar) 10 Product Design (By Kevi
