1、一、绪 论中医学 TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine), 中医学理论体系的形成 Origination of TCM, 形成 formation, 发展 development 中医学理论体系的基本特点The basic characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory整体观 the whole concept, 辨证论治 syndrome differentiation and treatment第一章 阴阳五行学说阴阳 Yin-yang , 阴阳的特性 the property of yin-yang阴
2、阳之间的相互关系 Interaction between yin and yang阴阳对立制约 Opposition of yin and yang阴阳互根互用 Interdependence between yin and yang阴阳消长平衡 Wane and Wax between yin and yang阴阳相互转化 Mutual transformation between yin and yang阴阳学说在中医学中的应用The applications of the theory of yin-yang in TCM说明人体的组织结构 Explanation of the hist
3、ological structure of the human body解释人体的生理功能 Explanation of the physiology function activity of the human body阐释病理变化 Explanation of pathogenesis阴阳偏盛 Relative predominance of yin or yang阳偏盛 Relative predominance of yang 阴偏盛 Relative predominance of yin 阴阳偏衰 Relative decline of yin or yang 阳偏衰 Relati
4、ve decline of yang 阴偏衰 Relative decline of yin五行 the five elements, 五行特性 the five elements property第二章 中医学的生理观藏象“Zangxiang” , 五脏 five Zang-organs, 六腑 six fu-organs,生理功能 the physiological functions ,气 qi, 血 blood , 津液 body fluid, 气的生成、运动和分类 the production ,moving and classification of qi, 血的生成和运行 the
5、 production and circulation of blood津液的生成、输布和排泄 the production and transportation and metabolism of body fluid.气、血、津液的功能 The physiological functions of qi, blood and body fluid心 The heart, 主血脉 Governing blood主神志 controlling the mind在体合脉 governs the vessels开窍于舌 opens into the tongue其华在面 External mani
6、festation on the face肝 The liver, 主疏泄 To dredge and regulate, 主藏血 Storing blood在体合筋 The liver governing the tendons其华在爪 The external manifestation of the liver on the nails开窍于目 The liver opening into the eyes脾 the spleen, 主运化 To govern the transportation and transformation主统血 To command blood, 主升 el
7、evating在体合肌肉，主四肢 the spleen governing the muscles and the four limbs 开窍于口 The spleen opening into the mouth其华在唇 The external manifestation on the lip肺 The lung, 主气，司呼吸 Dominating qi，controlling the respiratory movement主宣发、肃降 dispersing and descending 通调水道 The regulation of water passage朝百脉、主治节the lu
8、ng is connected with all the vessels, regulation the qi activity in the whole body在体合皮 the lung governing the skin其华在毛 Eexternal manifestation on the body hair开窍于鼻 The lung opening into the nose肾 The kidney,藏精 store essence, 主水 To govern water, 主纳气 To govern reception of qi在体合骨 The kidney governing
9、the bones开窍于耳及二阴 The kidney opening into the ears, the external genitals and the anus其华在发 External manifestation on the hair胆 The gallbladder, 贮藏和排泄胆汁 store and excrete the bile胃 The stomach, 受纳、腐熟水谷 receive and digest food主通降 the stomach functions to descend,unobstructed condition 小肠 The small inte
10、stine, 受盛化物 To receive the chime and transform泌别清浊 To separate the lucid from the turbid大肠 The large intestine, 主传化糟粕 transmitting and excreting the waste of food膀胱 The bladder , storing and discharging urine气的生成 The production of qi气的运动 The moving of qi气的功能 The physiological functions of qi推动作用 Pro
11、pelling function温煦作用 Warming function防御作用 Protecting and defencive function 固摄作用 Fixating function气化作用 Qi-transforming function元气 primordial qi, 宗气 pectoral qi, 营气 nutrient-qi, 卫气 defensive qi第三章 中医学的病理观 病因 Causes of disease 病因的概念及分类 concept, classification of causes of disease.六淫的概念 concept of six
12、pathogenic factors;， ，六淫致病的共同特点 the general pathogenic characters of six pathogenic factors; 六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）的性质与致病特点nature, pathogenic characters of every six pathogenic factors(including wind, cold,Summer-heat,Dampness,Dryness,Heat (fire)主要的临床表现 main clinic manifestations风 Wind 其性开泄，易袭阳位 Wind tend
13、to float, disperse, go upward attack the upper and outside parts 风性善行而数变 wind tends to move and change风为百病之长，易夹杂其他外感之邪 Wind tends to be complicated by other pathogenic factors寒 Cold易伤阳气 Cold tends to impair yang寒性凝滞 Cold tends to coagulate寒性收引 Cold tends to contract暑 Summer-heat 其性炎热 Summer-heat is
14、hot暑性升散，耗气伤津 Summer-heat tends to disperse and elevate，consume the qi and body fluid 暑多夹湿 Summer-heat often complicated by dampness湿 Dampness湿性重浊 dampness is heavy and turbid湿易阻遏气机 dampness tends to block qi湿性黏滞 dampness is sticky and stagnant湿性趋下, 易袭阴位 dampness tends to move downward，attack the low
15、er and inside parts 燥 Dryness燥易伤津 Dryness consume the body fluid 燥性干涩 Dryness is xerotic and unsmooth燥易伤肺 Dryness tends to impair the lung火 Heat (fire)其性炎上 Heat(fire) tends to flame up易伤津耗气 Heat(fire) tends to consume qi and impair body fluid易生风动血 Heat(fire) tends to produce wind and disturb blood易致
16、肿疡 Heat(fire) tends to cause swelling and ulceration七情内伤的概念、The concept of internal impairment due to the seven emotions, 七情致病的特点 the pathogenic characters of the seven emotions痰饮、瘀血的概念、形成及致病特点 The basic concept, the formation and the pathogenic characteristics of phlegm ,rheum and blood stasis痰饮 ph
17、legm ,rheum 瘀血 blood stasis发病的基本原理 The pathogenesis of occurrence of disease in TCM病机的概念，The concept of mechanism of pathological changes; 病机 the mechanism of pathological changes;邪正盛衰 predomination and decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi;阴阳失调 imbalance between yin and yang;气血津液失常 disorder
18、of qi, blood and body fluid.第四章 中医诊断疾病的方法中医诊法 The concept of the TCM diagnostic methods中医诊断的理论依据 the theory foundation of the TCM diagnostic methods.望神 Inspection of spirit, 望色 Inspection of complexion, 望排出物 Inspection of excreta ，望舌 Inspection of tongue,Existence of spirit (得神)，Lack of spirit（少神） ，
19、Loss of spirit （失神）False spirit（假神）Normal complexion 常色Morbid complexion 病色Red colour ,White colour ,Yellow colour, Bluish colour，Blackish colour 临床意义 clinical significance ; 望舌的方法 Methods for inspection of tongue舌苔 tongue coat 舌红 red tongue淡白舌/舌淡 Light-whitish tongue青紫舌 Cyanotic and purplish tongue
20、问诊 inquiry, 主诉 chief complaint, 病史 history of present illness问现在症 inquiry of the present symptomsAversion to cold and fever（恶寒发热）Cold sensation without fever（但寒不热）Fever without cold sensation（但热不寒）Alternate cold and fever（寒热往来）诊脉的部位与方法 The Regions and methods for taking pulse 脉诊 taking pulse, 正常脉象 n
21、ormal pulseCunkou(寸口) cun(寸), guan(关)，chi(尺). 辨证的概念 The concept of differentiation of syndrome表里辨证 External and internal differentiation of syndromes, 表证 External syndromes, 里证 internal syndromes, 寒热辨证 cold and heat differentiation of syndromes, 寒证 cold f syndromes, 热证 heat syndromes, 虚实辨证 asthenia
22、and sthenia differentiation of Syndromes,虚证 asthenia Syndromes,实证 sthenia Syndromes,临床特点 clinical character and difference.八纲辨证 Syndromes differentiation with eight principles气血津液辨证 syndrome differentiation with qi, blood and body fluid, 第五章 中医学的防治原则治则 therapeutic principles , 治法 therapeutic methods
23、正治 Routine treatment , 反治 Contrary treatment, 治本 treat “ben”(deal with the root cause) 治标 Treating biao(acute symptoms bring on great suffering to the patients, or threaten life or tend to transmit and change) in emergency ,扶正与祛邪 Strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors, 调整阴阳 Regu
24、lation of yin and yang, 三因制宜 Abidance by individuality, locality and seasons. 第六章 中药基本知识中药 Chinese Medicinal Herbs四气 four properties、寒热温凉 cold, hot, warm, cool 五味 five flavors、辛、甘、酸、苦、咸 pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty.升降浮沉 the action of lifting, lowering, floating and sinking,、归经 channel trop
25、ism、毒性 toxicity中药的配伍、用药禁忌 Contraindication and Compatibility of Chinese Medicinal Herbs 中药的剂量 Dosage of Chinese Medicinal Herbs第七章 方剂基本知识方剂的组成原则 The principle of the composition of prescriptions, Monarch drug (jun) 君Minister drug (chen) 臣Adjuvant drug (zuo) 佐Guide drug (shi) 使组成变化 the modification o
26、f the composition of a prescription.方剂的组成、用法、功效、临床应用、方解： Ingredients, administration, function,clinical application and elucidation of the prescriptions第二章 中医学的生理观 第三节 经络经络 the meridians；十二经脉 twelve regular meridians十二经脉走向与交接规律 direction, joint law of the twelve channels、十二经脉循行分布规律 distributing law
27、of the twelve channels ,十二经脉表里络属关系 exterior-interior relationship of the twelve channels ,十二经脉流注方向和次序等 flowing direction and order of the twelve channels；第八章 针灸学基本知识第二节 刺灸方法刺法（针法）Acupuncture techniques; 进针 Needling methods (insertion methods, Needling manipulation methods) 得气 arrival of Qi 针刺意外和防治处理
28、 Management of possible accidents (emphasize 晕针 fainting) 灸法 moxibustion, 第八章 针灸学基本知识第一节 腧穴腧穴概念；腧穴分类；腧穴定位方法；腧穴的作用the point/acupoint (definition/concept, classification, location method, function)腧穴的定位、归经、基本主治功能：location, channel tropism and the basic special treatment function of the point/acupoint下
29、列腧穴的定位、基本主治功能：手太阴肺经：列缺；The lung channel of Hand-Taiyin: LieQue (Lu7)手阳明大肠经：合谷；The large intestine channel of Hand-Yangming: Hegu (LI4) 足阳明胃经：足三里；The stomach channel of Foot-Yangming: Zusanli (ST36)足太阴脾经：三阴交；The spleen channel of Foot-Taiyin: Sanyinjiao (SP6)手少阴心经：神门；The heart channel of Hand-shaoyin
30、: Shenmen (HT7)手太阳小肠经：听宫；The small intestine channel of Hand-taiyang: Tinggong (SI19)足太阳膀胱经：委中；The urinary Bladder channel of Foot-Taiyang: Weizhong(BL40),足少阴肾经：涌泉；The Kidney channel of Foot-shaoyin: Yongquan(KI 1)手厥阴心包经：内关；The Pericardium channel of hand-Jueyin: Neiguan (PC6)手少阳三焦经：外关；The triple wa
31、rmer (Sanjiao ) channel of Hand-Shaoyang: Waiguan (SJ5 ), 足少阳胆经：风池；The Gall Bladder channel of Foot-shaoyang: Fengchi (GB20)足厥阴肝经：太冲；The Liver channel of Foot-Jueyin: Taichong (LR3)任脉：关元、膻中；The Ren channel :Guanyuan (RN4), Tanzhong (RN17)督脉：大椎、人中；The Du channel : Mingmen(GV 4), Dazhui (DU14), Shuigou (DU26),经外奇穴：印堂、太阳；Extraordinary acupoints: Yintang(EX-HN 3), Taiyang(EX-HN 5)
