1、大学英语 1 Unti1 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（ Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”（ sage）。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage“. 他的言论和生平活动记录在论语（ The Analects）一书中。 His words and life story were record
2、ed in The Analects. 论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。 An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. 不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。 Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understan
3、d the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. 孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。 Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. 在 21 世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains
4、 the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unti2 每 年 农 历（ Chinese lunar calendar）八 月 十 五 是我 国 的 传 统 节 日 中 秋 节（ the Mid-Autumn Festival）。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival t
5、he Mid-Autumn Festival. 这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。 This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. 夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。 On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking u
6、p at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. 中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。 The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. 中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱 和向往。 There are many cust
7、oms to celebrate the festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. 自 2008 年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日 Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China. Unti3 中国航天业开创于 1956 年。 Chinas space industry was launched in 1956. 几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。 Over the past
8、decades, Chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. 1970 年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。 In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. 1992 年，中国开始
9、实施载人航天飞行工程（ manned spaceflight program）。 In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. 2003 年，中国成功发射了 “神舟五号 “载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国 家。 In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. 2007 年发射了 “嫦
10、娥一号 “，即第一颗绕月球飞行（ lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。 In 2007 Change-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite was sent to space. 2013 年，第五艘载人飞船 “神舟十号 “发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。 In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.
11、 Unti4 郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（ maritime explorer）。 Zhen He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. 公元 1405 年，明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（ border defense）和开展海上贸易，派郑和下西洋（ the Western Seas）。 In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zhen He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border
12、 defense and develop trade by sea. 在此后的 28 年里，郑和带领船队七下西洋，前后出海的人员有 10 多万人，访问了 30 多个国家和地区。 In the following 28 years, Zhen He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions. 船队纵横南亚、西亚，一直到非洲大 陆。 The fleet tra
13、veled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. 郑和下西洋是世界航海（ navigation）史上的壮举， Zheng Hes voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the worlds navigation history. 它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能，同时展现了明朝的国力和国威（ national strength and prestige），加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。 It showed
14、 Zhen Hes outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries. Unti5 太极拳（ Tai Chi）是一种武术（ martial arts）项目，也是一种健身运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。 Tai Chi is
15、 a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. 太极拳动作缓慢而柔和，适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人练习。 With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice. 太极拳既可防身，又能强身健体，因而深受中国人的喜爱。 It can be used to provide self-defense as well as
16、 build the body. Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people. 太极 拳在发展的过程中，借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容（ element），成为特色鲜明的一项运动。 During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into
17、a sport with unique features. 作为中国特有的 一种运动形式，太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。 As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends. Unti6 改革开放以来，中国的教育事业得到了快速发展，取得了引人瞩目的成就。 Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, Chinas education has gone through rapi
18、d development and made remarkable achievements. 中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位，坚持科教兴国（ revitalize the country），全面提倡素质教育 (quality-oriented education)。 The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates qualit
19、y-oriented education. 同时，积极推进教育公平，保障人人有受教育的机会。 Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. 中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面： Chinas achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: 一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（ nine-year compulsory education）， One is the po
20、pularization of the nine-year compulsory education; 另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（ mass higher education）。 the other is the realization of mass higher education. 教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。 The development of education has made significant contributions to Chinas economic development and social progress. 近年来，为适应社会、
21、经济发展的需要， In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, 中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。 The Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields. Unti7 为人诚信，以和为贵是中华民族的传统美德。 “和 “的思想体现在很多方面。 Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese vi
22、rtues. “Harmony“ is demonstrated in various aspects. 在处理人与人的 关系上，中国传统思想主张 “和为贵 “以及 “家和万事兴 “，从而创造一个和谐的社会环境。 In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that “Harmony is most precious“ and “A family that lives in harmony will prosper“. A harmonious social environment can be
23、 created based on these principles. 在人与自然的关系上，人类应当学会认识自然，尊重自然，保护自然。 As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature. 人与人、人与社会、人与自然都需要 “和谐 “。 Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human bei ngs and society, a
24、s well as between human beings and nature. 如今，和谐发展依然是我们的治国之本和管理人才之道。 Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. 随着我国社会经济和文化的发展， “和 “的思想更加深入人心。 With the development of Chinas society, economy and culture, the idea of “harmony“ goes even d
25、eeper into peoples hearts. 中国正在向构建社会主义和谐社会的目标迈进。 China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society. Unti8 新中国成立后，中国坚持（ persist in）独立自主的和平外交政策，在外交领域取得了巨大成就。 Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace
26、, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. 截至 2011 年，中国已与 172 个国家建立了外交关系（ diplomatic relations）。 By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. 近年来，随着中国综合国力的提升（ enhancement），中国在国际事务中的作用越来越重要，中国的国际地位得到进一步提升。 Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive
27、 national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and Chinas international status has been further enhanced. 在地区性事务中，中国积极推动各种区域合作，为维护地区和平、促进地区发展作出了重要贡献。 In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made impor
28、tant contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. 中国外交（ diplomacy）将高举 “和平、发展、合作、共赢 “的旗帜（ banner）， Chinas diplomacy will hold high the banner of “peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit“. 在和平共处五项原则的基础上，通过全面发展同各国的友好合作，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界作出不懈的努力（ make unremit
29、ting efforts）。 On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all -round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. BOOK 2 Unti 1 中国书法 (calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无
30、二的艺术瑰宝。 Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. 中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。 The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. 汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的
31、艺术。 In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. 书法能够通 过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。 Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers personal feelings
32、, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligraphers handwriting is like seeing the person“. 中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。 As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the worlds treasure hou
33、se of culture and art. Unti 2 近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。 In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. 很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。 Many universities have set up their own
34、digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. 和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。 Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. 一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享； On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teachi
35、ng resources possible; 另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。 on the other hand, it expands the learners study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. 这使得人类从接受一 次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。 These advantages make it
36、possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning. Unti 3 孝道（ filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（ code of ethics）。 Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. 中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭 和睦之本、国家安康之本。 Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a persons integri
37、ty, family harmony, and the nations well-being. 由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。 With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. 它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。 Its
38、 undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. 它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（ institutional etiquette）。 It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. 一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。 Generally speaking, i
39、t refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. 孝道是古老的 “东方文明 “之根本。 Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization“. Unti 4 农历七月初七是中国的七夕节 (Qixi Festival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。 July 7th on
40、 the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. 一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。 Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. 因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节” (Valentines Day)。 As a result, the Q
41、i xi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentines Day“. 七夕节来于 牛郎与织女（ Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的传说。 The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. 相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。 The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Co
42、wherd. 所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河（ the Milky Way）相会。 So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. 姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。 On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. 但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失， But, with the changing
43、 of times, these activities are diminishing. 唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。 All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk. Unti 5 丝绸之路（ Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（ Eurasia）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称 “丝绸之路 “。 The Silk Road is a traff
44、ic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road“. 作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。 As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved
45、the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. 当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了 “一带一路 “（ One Belt, One Road）（即 “丝绸之路经济带 “和 “21 世纪海上丝绸之路 “）的战略构想。 Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country pr
46、oposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road“ (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). “一带一路 “以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。 The strategy of “One Belt, One Road“ focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common develop
47、ment of the related countries. 这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。 Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road. Unti 6 国民幸福指数（ National Happiness Index， NHI）是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数，也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。 National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measu
48、res how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and peoples livelihood and happiness in a country or region. 随着中国经济的高速增长，中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升。 With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to
49、peoples living quality and the increase of happiness index. 政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群众的经济状况，满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求。 The government stresses improvement of its peoples livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. 当前，中国政府提倡释放改革红利，让人民群众得到更多实惠。 Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. 所有这
