1、1Inspiration of Gestalt psychology to the Format DesignAbstract. Visual perception is the common study object of psychology and graphic design. Understanding visual perception principle is of great significance to graphic design. Based on the theory of Gestalt psychology， this paper states the cogni
2、tive rules the characteristics of visual perception， and the processing and understanding way of visual information by brain. This paper focuses on the enlightenment to basic design principles and diversity unified form rule of Gestalt psychology， and the methods and skills of how to use visual perc
3、eption principle and the characteristic to arrange the visual layout elements. Keywords： Gestalt psychology； Layout Design； Visual Perception； The Form Rule 1. Introduction Gestalt psychology school， which was born in early twentieth century， is one of the main schools of western psychology. Its the
4、ory research is widely used in all aspects of social life. The “integrity“ and “isomorphism“ principles 2are not only very scientific in psychology， but also havevery good inspiration to the field of artistic creation， such as layout design. 2. The introduction of Gestalt psychology Gestalt psycholo
5、gy， which was born in 1912 and initiated by a German psychologistMax Wertheimer， is one of the main schools of the western modern psychology. The representative persons included Cohler， Koffka， Arnheim， and so on. According to its original meaning， Gestalt psychology was also translated as Gestalt p
6、sychology， the “Gestalt“ mainly refers to an organic whole of different parts of separating characteristics， or organized by consciousness activity into a whole in the experience， namely emphasized the entirety of experience and behaviors 1. Arnheim further pointed out that perception， especially vi
7、sual perception， is not only a kind of watching activity， it is a process of rational thinking， which not only has the selectivity， also has a Gestalt， persistence， which can simplify， combine， abstract， and separatethe object 2. The birth of Gestalt psychologyhas exerted a great influence on the fi
8、eld of psychology， and was quickly spread to the literature， painting， sculpture， music， film and 3other areas. This one started around the visual field study， not only to break the boundaries between traditional psychology and art， also broke the past visual communication program between fixed on v
9、isual perception and thinking， his study of art and visual perception for our cognitive external things， art form and human emotion provides the powerful theory support， not only affects the education and the design of the west， and continues to this day， and in different areas to deepen. 3. The lay
10、out design and Gestalt As an independent art， layout design means the creation and organization of graphics， text， color， space and texture visual information to form the plane design activities must arrange pattern. It studies the graphic design of visual language and artistic style， is an importan
11、t part of modern art of design， is an important means of visual communication. Therefore， to explore the significance of visual regularity of layout design is very important， the Gestalt theory for the theoretical support for the format design， fitting. Thus， what is the format tower？ Gestalt is the
12、 transliteration of Devin “Gestalt“， andis translated into form or shape in English. However， in the Gestalt psychology， it is not a thing the general shape of the 4general theory of art， is not generally refers to the form of the show， but conscious experience in structural or integrity of 3. There
13、fore， the concept of Gestalt than “shaped“ to be broad， is not just a simple visual form， also including the visual image of all be regarded as the whole thing， even constitute a whole one independent component. So， a sculpture is a Gestalt， a film and television works is a Gestalt， a play， a film a
14、nd television works constitute a line of dialogue， a piece of music is a Gestalt， and a complete layout design work， but also a Gestalt， in this big Gestalt， also includes the Gestalt images， text， color， space， texture at various levels of gestalt. When we watch a layout design work， and not see th
15、e simple addition of various visual elements， accompanied by the viewer for the picture overall impression or nervous， or relaxation， or pleasure， or sad emotional experience. Therefore， the Gestalt psychology about art and visual perception principle of relevant research and theory， provides a theo
16、retical basis and reference value for the layout design， art， and has the important enlightenment to the format design. 4. Gestalt psychology to the format design inspiration 4.1 The whole is greater than the sum of parts ? the basic 5principle of format design Gestalt psychology believes that the v
17、isual image is first known as a unified whole， then is the part. Because the eyes underwent several unrelated units at the moment only， if the visual object contains too many units and details， when people are watching， the eye to the brain will work together to try to keep the organization， simplif
18、ication， unification， which as a whole perception are easy to processing， namely “gestalt“. However， it further pointed out that the Gestalt psychology， although is composed of various elements or parts， but not equal to the sum of all the parts 4. Relative to the composition of the original，gestalt
19、 is a complete entirety， which isindependent of these components. For example， a movie scene is not equal to the film； a piece of music is not equal to the simple addition of notes； and China ancient fable “situation“ also shows that an elephant is not equal to the sum of the elephant limbs. Similar
20、ly， a layout is a Gestalt. Although it is composed of the visual elements， its overall effect is not the simple addition of visual elements； it is a completely independent of the elements of the new integral. Graphics， text， color， space， materials are organic parts of layout information， and they a
21、re relatively independent， 6but closely linked together. We must deeply analyze the design theme and content of the design， all the visual element of unified planning and deployment， and through a variety of techniques of organic unity， the formation of an easily identifiable， easy good understandin
22、g of Gestalt， so that the viewer can easily understand and grasp the author wants to convey information and intention in the process， with the aesthetic and emotional experience， this is the basic principles of layout design. Therefore， a good layout design should be distinctive theme， content， form
23、 a unified whole layout is scientific and rational， and not only the local design， and the whole are greater than the sum of the local. 4.2 The pursuit of unity in diversity patterns - rule format design form Gestalt psychology thinks that people always have the external stimuli to organize， transfo
24、rmation or correct， so that objects tend to be complete， regular shape. Such as contour line break or gap graphics， often automatically filled or “end“， become a full continuum of 5. So it is a layout design， if be to be accepted， organized， in order to perception. However， only in the picture conci
25、se perfect “shape“ although give a person a kind of comfortable feeling， 7but also create dependency and inertia of a “Gestalt“. Very simple and regular Gestalt charm is not forever， that is slightly more complex， more diverse， but can be very good for an overall Gestalt more exciting and attractive
26、， it will create a tense or Gestalt， though not very pleasant and comfortable， but can cause the enterprising， pursuit the inherent tension. Therefore， a good Gestalt is through human perception， the final microstructure of the simple expedient， complete rules of unity in diversity “shape“， which is
27、 the ultimate goal of the pursuit of the layout design rules. 4.2.1 Seeking the unity in comparison The monotone voice cannot cause the beauty of music， when the sound length， height， weight and other factor combined with harmony together to form， is the beauty of music. The contrast and unity are w
28、idely used in real life and in the artistic creation， music， painting， poetry， and so is design. Gestalt psychology “heterogeneous isomorphism“ pointed out： between external things， art style， human consciousness organization and the internal feelings， there is a fundamental unity， they are the mode
29、 of action of force， and mode of action of these field force to structure consensus， namely isomorphism， there may be arouse the 8aesthetic experience in 6. So， the physical world and the inner world of the psyche of the force is isomorphic relation， in artistic creation and appreciation of the exte
30、rnal objects， the viewer from the works to see their own inner feelings and to tune， and hermaphroditic， blend state， to achieve heterogeneous isomorphism， thus completing the aesthetic activities. When the size， number or direction of a visual element changes， the picture contrast factorsmust cause
31、 the whole layout force schema changes， so the “model of force“ caused different degree of stimulation of the brain to achieve consistent with the watch works， which is aroused in the brain specific audio visual learning style， in the “heterogeneous isomorphism“ function. We can see the layout of sh
32、ape， color， space or movement，through these things surface， we can also feel the living force， feel some kind of “vitality“， “life“ and “sport“ nature， and thus stimulate human inner thoughts and feelings. As you can see， contrast is the essence of differences emphasizes the elements， to produce con
33、flict， structure and change the picture force， causing screen tension with a strong attractive sight. However， blindly emphasizes contrast will 9bring visual discomfort， a harmonious layout， to emphasize the contrast at the same time also should be reconciled. Harmony is in the difference tends to “
34、the same“， maintaining contrast relations in the picture of the situation， emphasizing different common elements， the pursuit of a harmonious， comfortable and unity. Such as through the same or similar image， the color line and direction to reconcile the picture， to make the whole design keeps the s
35、tyle and tone of a unified， or weakening too strong a contrast. Harmony and contrast reflects two kinds of state of contradiction， the two are interdependent， and contradiction and unity， together constitute the coordination of the layout， the diversity and unity of the gestalt. 4.2.2 Seeking balanc
36、e in changes In different areas have different meanings， balance， mentioned in the format design balance is mainly refers to the visual psychological balance， it usually consists of symmetrical and asymmetrical balance two states. Symmetrical balance， balance of the balance， the fulcrum in the cente
37、r position lever， forms a symmetric relation， equivalent ranging from the shape of the equilibrium. Asymmetrical balance is also called Chinese balance， not in the center position of 10the lever fulcrum， the formation of a sense of balance in asymmetric relations. Many psychological factors affectin
38、g the balance， the Gestalt psychology shows that： the visual object， weight and direction will cause a special effect on equilibrium. A layout， the relationship between the deviation centers objects with several smaller， center the objects that make up the balance. The same great shape or object loo
39、ks on the right than the left side of the weight. Depth of space， in order to make far more distant objects look almost， should be smaller. Size， other elements of the same， larger objects appear as “heavy“. “. Shape， simple geometric rules look than those corresponding to the shape of irregular gra
40、phics “. On the stage， lead and other supporting always maintain a certain distance. The “isolated“ approach is to let the main characters seem more “heavy“. Direction， visual force direction by multiple factors， such as the release of attraction adjacent various elements of the weight； the object s
41、hape and structure of each axis directional force； a motion picture， the theme image such as the character of a look， will guide the visual flow line our. These different force offset in the system， has a complex balance， creating vivid a piece of work. Specific to the format design， various visual elements if
