1、1Japanese Community Environment Harnessing Experiences and Their Inspiration to ChinaAbstract. Community is an important gathering place of living, and the quality of the community environment directly restricts the development of the national economy and peoples lives improved. Japan was once known
2、 as “nuisance power“, and after decades of governance, their community environment has been good improvement. This article focuses on greening, air pollution, waste disposal, environmental awareness and environmental protection legislation and other aspects of environmental governance, and it introd
3、uces Japanese community experience, which be combined with the Chinese community environmental governance situation, to put forward some experience and enlightenment for China to learn. Key words: Community Environment Harnessing; Japanese; China 1. Introduction Community is a place where people gat
4、her life, and community environment is a community for the existence and development of the sum of the external conditions, which is 2directly related to the quality of life of community residents. In general, peoples quality of life is related only to their income, but also the communities in which
5、 they live and the environment is directly related to the level, such as the appropriate climate, clean water, clean air, sufficient activities, green, etc., These natural and artificial communities “hard“ environmental factors are of high quality external manifestation of the community environment.
6、 Japan was once known as the “big nuisance“ country, but the national government and the public made efforts to actively manage the community environment, and it has achieved great success. Today it presented to be a fresh and clean feeling. Environmental governance of their communitys successful ex
7、perience is a worthwhile reference to China. 2. Review of the Japanese community environmental issues Today, when you walk into the various communities in Japan, there will be a fresh, clean feeling, and for such a beautiful community environment praise, but its good environmental governance is deri
8、ved through decades past. After World War II, Japan was to get rid of the devastation caused by the war, which blindly pursue “high economic growth“ and “value first“ in order to catch up with the developed world. From the mid-31960s, Japans rapid economic development, but that economic growth is ba
9、sed basically on a lot of energy and resource consumption. The rapid development of the economy can be significantly improved material and cultural life is becoming richer. But this has also brought serious environmental damage. Since hazards inherent characteristics, and its rapid expansion, the Ja
10、panese suddenly become a world-famous “nuisance big country“. The large-scale, multi-level national anti-pollution campaign forced local governments to adopt national policies. The first step is through the development of various regulations (Japanese local governments without legislative power), an
11、d to take various measures to control pollution. The severe pollution in Tokyo, Osaka, and Kanagawa Prefecture has issued a Pollution Prevention Ordinance. In this situation, the Japanese central government began to attach importance to pollution problems, first on water, air, and noise. It develope
12、d a series of individual regulations, and in 1967, it formulated the “Environmental Pollution Prevention Act“. Thus, Japans governance and environmental pollution remediation were first launched by the public, and the publics anti-pollution action to reverse the Japanese environmental policy became
13、a dominant force. However, the community is inhabited by peoples 4lives, communities in the whole process of environmental governance also played a pivotal role, it is the leadership in the community and the communitys efforts, the communitys environment is increasingly clean, thereby affecting the
14、entire city environment. 3. The environmental governance measures and methods of Japanese community 3.1 The pursuit of “Unity of Man and Nature” Urban greening is to build eco-city needs. The Japanese community in environmental protection has two measures, one is building a recycling society, and th
15、e second is the construction of an ecological city. Building a recycling-oriented society is to build a major resource - product - a virtuous cycle of regeneration, and the construction of an ecological city then emphasize “Unity of Man and Nature“, which symbiotic harmony between man and nature. Hi
16、gh cost of land in modern city makes whether plant trees or grass to be a debate. The Japanese communitys experience is: plant trees mainly and plant grass, and the most important is according to the local conditions. The land area is small, green neighborhood development fully into the air, where g
17、reen means more trees instead of grass. Community, large trees 5blotting out the sun, walk under the shade was very refreshing, people can enjoy all year round and can be a striking beauty of spring plum blossom, and camellias and other flowers are blooming. Beautiful community not only brings visua
18、l enjoyment, but also the sustainable development of the community and the health of residents are important. 3.2 Make efforts to reduce atmospheric pollution 3.5 Regard cleaning as a measure of the standard of virtue Japan takes clean as a measure of the virtues of the Japanese standard. When large
19、 enterprises hire workers, they not only look at universities and secondary schools of the students, but also to send specialized personnel access to investigate the candidates family integrity, character, reputation, which has a will check the contents of the user who is to observe the performance
20、of cleaning garbage, the family kitchen and cleanliness of the floor. In Japan, the community has no specialized health cleaner, the work was undertaken by the volunteer community residents, so it not only can reduce the overhead of the residents of the increased burden, and residents through this w
21、ork naturally enhanced the protection of the communitys sense of obligation. 3.6 Improve the legal system for environmental protection 6Japan enacted a set of environmental laws and regulations, in 1967 Congress passed the “Environmental Pollution Prevention Act,“ in 1970 it made significant changes
22、, as a basis, Congress has also developed a series of environmental laws, which were mainly: “Atmospheric Pollution Control Law“, “ stench Prevention Law, “ Waste Disposal Act, “ urban greening Protection Law “. In addition to national legal protection law, the provisions of the laws and regulations
23、 clearly state, local governments and residents in environmental protection and governance responsibilities and codes of conduct, rights, obligations, in order to ensure the implementation of laws and regulations. Community on environmental, health departments from the reality of the community, take
24、 all practicable effective measures, regular inspection and supervision, to ensure that national environmental protection laws and regulations, policies implemented in earnest in the community, and organize relevant environmental protection laws and regulations of the publicity, so that citizens par
25、ticipate in the formation of legal awareness and consciousness, in order to promote environmental protection. 4. Inspiration of the Japanese community environmental governance in China 7In recent years, the Chinese government has always adhered to the “prevention first“ approach, and vigorously carr
26、y out a mass patriotic public health campaign, community environmental governance has made great achievements. However, the Chinese community environment still exists, such as community environmental governance lack of overall planning, infrastructure is not in place; community environmental polluti
27、on is more serious; some community residents lack of environmental awareness; Community environmental governance mechanism is not perfect, the lack of oversight mechanisms, and many other practical issues cannot be ignored. Japanese community environmental governances successful experience is worth
28、learning from. 4.1 The overall planning, strengthen the building of community greening From the Japanese experience of the environmental governance of the community, it can be seen that the overall planning of the Japanese community environment on the basis of environmental governance in the communi
29、ty focus on greening, it can purify the air and beautify the environment, which has become the measure of one of the symbols of community work. The community environmental master plan is reasonable community development, construction and management of an important basis 8for the community and means
30、on the basis of the overall planning with particular emphasis on community afforestation. The community should adhere to green building unified planning, rational organization, and the principle of land conservation, to achieve a beautiful environment around, good order, and quality service, in acco
31、rdance with local conditions. 4.2 Improve the participation mechanism, giving full play to families in the community environment management role One of the reasons why the Japanese community environmental governance achieved so much success is that the Japanese environmental governance in the commun
32、ity not only relies solely on government, and families in the community and gives full play the role of environmental governance, every family has made for community environmental governance contributions. Therefore, the Chinese community environmental governance to change the old phenomenon of rely
33、ing solely on the government to improve the social participation mechanism, giving full play to families in the community, the role of environmental governance. It includes not only the subject of environmental management at all levels of government and other state organs, but also should be extende
34、d to all serve the public interest to pursue the person, the family as a community of cells, clean 9environmental management in the community has a very important significance. Community clean and healthy environment is inseparable from the construction and management of the active participation of
35、each family. 4.3 The development of community environmental education and raising environmental awareness among residents In the environmental education of the community, the community must be regarded as big classroom, laboratory, jointly participate in the design, drawing and creating this environ
36、ment, the establishment of community environmental publicity and education network, to carry out a variety of forms, levels of education, educate residents to establish environmental consciousness. As in community schools, neighborhoods, villages, commercial centers, factories and other establishmen
37、t propaganda base to carry out a variety of environment-related community education; actively promote a “green community“, “green school“ activities, to further improve the schools and kindergartens. Through various forms of propaganda and community environment environmental knowledge, to launch mul
38、ti-power active in community environmental work, so that community residents understand the environmental protection laws and regulations and basic knowledge of 10environmental protection work, holding regular community environmental activities, mobilization, organize residents of the masses to part
39、icipate in community environmental health activities, planting trees, grass, green color, obligations, clean living environment and health, so that “the community is my home, we rely on building“ becomes a conscious action of the residents, the community environmental cleanup, green, and landscaping
40、. 4.4 Governing legally, and manage strictly In recent years, Chinas accelerating pace of environmental legislation and environmental law is constantly being improved, so the community needs to develop specific implementation measures according to local conditions, and it should strengthen community
41、 environmental governance, in order to implement the responsibility system for environmental protection, community environment comprehensive improvement examination as the core of the system, improve community environmental protection and governance oversight mechanisms. Communities should work with community environmental remediation as an important duty of the formation and perfection of the relevant departments under the unified leadership of the division responsible for the masses to actively participate in community comprehensive environmental
