1、1Reform and development research of travel management systemAbstract. With the integration of the international economy， Chinas accession to the WTO， Chinas tourist economy and the tourism industry has become the most dynamic part of the industrial system of Chinas national economy and the world eco
2、nomy. Tourism management professional is a cross comprehensive professional of tourism， management science， culture， science and other disciplines. Its goal is to develop senior specialized professionals that possess tourism management expertise， and can be engaged to do the work of tourism manageme
3、nt and modern enterprise management at all levels of the tourism administration department， tourism enterprises and enterprises of all types. Key words： travel management； Reform； development； tourism enterprises Introductions Although the generation of this discipline， in our time of less than two
4、decades， with the rapid of socio-economic and cultural development and the continuous expansion of the 2foreign relations， Chinas tourism industry develop rapidly， not only become an important aspect of Chinas tertiary industry， and has formed a new economic growth point， thus have an urgent need fo
5、r management talented person who possess knowledge of culture， geography and economy. Tourism management discipline is gradually developed in this context and has become an important subject in the system of business management disciplines. 1.Training objectives Tourism management professional face
6、to modern tourism to support the party line， according to the situation of tourism development， and adapt to the production， management， services the first， tourism management English first-line needs moral， intellectual， physical， and other aspects of the comprehensive development of the advanced t
7、echnology application specialized talents. Students should focus on mastering the essential basis of theoretical knowledge and expertise on the basic skills in practical work in the field of the tour guides， travel agencies， scenic tourist attractions， travel， shopping outlets， and has a good work e
8、thic and professionalism. Grasp the theories and methods of modern tourism business management， competent to operation and 3management of tourism enterprises and other related industries， teaching and research work of the senior specialized talents and entrepreneurial talent. 2. Problems of tourism
9、management system It is undeniable that the government override control management， and interfere with the normal operation of the enterprise， with the opening to the outside world and the gradual maturity of Chinas tourism industry， Chinas tourism industry in a number of measures has been operated
10、in accordance with international， the industry management and services of the tourism has been worked out a series of industry rules for Chinese characteristics， and to developed effective rules and regulations and made the tourism industry has rules to follow. But we should also see that the phenom
11、enon of witch hunt in the management system of Chinas tourism industry still exist in many regions， known as the “Chinese characteristics“. The existence of the inharmonious relationship has its far-reaching historical reasons， but more helpless reality contact. 2.1 The confusion， disorder state of
12、levels management The current World Heritage Site Management mode presents a negative status quo of “first-class resources， visibility of 4second-rate， third-rate development， four-flow traffic， five flow management“. Management of scenic spots affiliation is very complex； uneven quality of tourism
13、development company managers and government agencies； a large number of attractions of many World Heritage Site recently developed or built have different size， with the same type of tourism resources in several small scenic often operate independently， leading to extreme waste of tourism resources
14、and even destruction. Around the Tourism Bureau is no right of approval of the World heritage tourism development projects， tourism facilities such as， in the heritage sites， tourism management and the lack of authoritative difficult to play its due role in the management of heritage sites and marke
15、t. In addition， within the tourism industry it is lack unified and effective coordination industry organizations， and lack coordination bodies and mechanisms to solve the major travel problems. 2.2 Deal with the relationship between decentralization and centralization scientifically There are too mu
16、ch of the local tourism bureau decentralization in Chinas travel management systems， leading to national level tourism strategy difficult to implement. From the experience of the running of the national 5tourism management system， under the conditions of the government-led， moderate of centralizatio
17、n and decentralization combination are basic principles. Where a decision-making of tourism macro level， permissions of management and regulation should be concentrated to the central， then grasped by the National Tourism Administration and its competent authorities； where a regional economic decisi
18、on-making management and regulation authority should be delegated to the place， ， local governments and Tourism Bureau at all levels of discretionary； Where the market can automatically adjust things should be decentralized to the enterprise， the central， the place to carry out their duties， reasona
19、ble division of labor， and to participate in decision-making and management of the tourism economy. Third， a reasonable definition of professional management and macro-administration relations multispectral professional management there is a certain contradiction in the overall arrangements for the
20、requirements of a large extent with the development of tourism requirements. Along with raising the level of administration， constantly enhance the status of tourism， and the tourism experience continue to accumulate， conditional combination of professional management and macro administration 6to ex
21、plore some of the new department management mode of the division of powers. 2.3 Analyses the influential factor of community-based ecotourism management The internal factors affecting the development of community-based ecotourism mainly including the support and participation of the local government
22、， tourism enterprises， local communities， community residents， and four mutually affect each other， the interaction between the role has a decisive influence on the formation of community-based ecotourism management mode. Because they have main interests between each other， they participate in commu
23、nity-based ecotourism activities and play an independent role， so as to constitute community-based ecotourism development interest groups. 3. The reform attempt of tourism management To establish more suitable for the development of tourism， tourism management system to adapt to the new task of the
24、management of the tourism industry， the new target， around are exploring more effective management mode in recent years. After Shanghai， in 1998， Guilin carried out the reform attempts of the tourism management system， namely the establishment of a Tourism Management Committee （hereinafter 7referred
25、 to the brigade management committee） and the CPC Guilin Tourism Working Committee （referred to as the brigade MIC） ， the travel management committee， Journey Work Committee comprehensive instead of the Tourism Bureau to exercise the functions of the tourism administration. Tourism Management Commit
26、tee consists of the Vice Mayor in charge of tourism director， the City Planning Commission， the Public Security Bureau， Guilin garrison， the Foreign Affairs Office， the Board of Building Regulations， Department of Transportation， Tourism Bureau， Bureau of Parks， Board of Trade， the Department of Cul
27、tural Affairs， Trade and Industry Bureau， Price Bureau， the Bureau of Technical Supervision， Guilin Gangjian at Yangshuo County， City Tourism Development Corporation， and other members of the unit， as the departments of the municipal government to exercise all the functions of the original Municipal
28、 Bureau of Tourism （Tourism Bureau institutions revocation， but retains brand） ， and authorized by the municipal government， and other members of the unit entrusted the exercise of the functions of the relevant units and Tourism Management， responsible for leading members of the unit， and complement
29、 each other， support each other， and the implementation of the unified leadership of the 8tourism industry， unified planning and management， unification coordination. 3.1The local tourism management agencies Based on the experience and practice of the reform of tourism management system of a number
30、of provinces and autonomous regions， the Tourism Administrative Commission of Shanghai is more in line with the characteristics of a model for Chinas tourism industry. According to the Shanghai model， Tourism Management Committee is the highest decision-making body for the provinces tourism and comp
31、rehensive coordination of departments， travel management committee directed by major provincial leadership， a member of the person of the Tourism Bureau or related bureau in charge deputy director， and has relevant function department and advisory bodies. 3.2 Centralization management system Thailan
32、d is the typical of Centralized management system. The highest level of travel management agencies Tourism Management Committee， which consists of senior officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs， the Ministry of Transportation and Communications， the Ministry of Foreign Affairs， the National En
33、vironment Commission， the National Economic and Development Committee， the Legislative Committee 9and president of Thai Airways， the Secretary of the Tourism Authority of Thailand and the trade unions composed of leaders such as the management and supervision of the work of the Tourism Bureau. Touri
34、sm Authority of Thailand Tourism Committee， under the leadership of the tourism administration institutions， whose main duty is the promotion of tourism， develop plans and industry management of regional tourism. Local travel agencies in Thailand are set directly by the Tourism Authority of Thailand
35、， stationed personnel and funding. Thai tourism management system practiced a highly centralized government tourism macroeconomic management， the establishment of a centralized management of tourism economic activities across the country to the regional offices. Its administrative level is equal to
36、Secretaries and funded by national funding. The main function is coordination with the local government， the organization of local tourism development projects and large-scale tourism activities， and the development of the local market rules and maintains the market order. 3.3 Market-oriented manage
37、ment model From the national tourism development model， the market-driven is an inevitable trend， while the government-led transition choice. Government-led stages of the mature market 10economy require government to fade out of the tourism business activities， to the market to yield the right of wa
38、y. When tourism developed to a certain stage， only convert government-led development model to a market-oriented model of development can ensure that tourism remained stable development. Under the market-driven the tourism resource allocation will mainly depend on the market， but the market-oriented
39、 management model does not completely deny the role of government in the development of tourism， but compared with the market， the government is in the auxiliary， supplementary status， mainly to play macro-control functions. 3.4 Government-led mode As Chinas market economic system has not yet been f
40、ully established， the market mechanism is not yet mature， wide areas of market failure， the degree of depth. Tourism is a very high degree of correlation， comprehensive and strong industry， and need to co-ordinate the various social resources. This period governments “visible hand“ of regulation is
41、particularly important. Government-led model can give full play to the governments ability to lead， through the governments industrial policy means actively guide and regulate the tourism market behavior. Through the strong government guide the formation of a government-led scrotal collaboration， the
