1、1Research on the Process of Landless peasants employment in ChinaAbstract. With the development of Chinas economy and the expansion of the scale of land requisition,solving the employment of landless peasants is very necessary.The employment of landless peasants is a complex process that involves ma
2、ny goals, many sections and many systems.The imperfect of systems hinders the employment of landless peasants.Through researching on the process of employment of landless peasants,analysing the problems of the employment and the reason of these problems.Building the policy system of landless peasant
3、s employment based on the responsibility of the government to promote the employment. Key words: landless peasants; employment; policy system I. THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THE LANDLESS PEASANTS IN CHINA As the development of China economy and the change of economic model, the number of landless peasan
4、ts is increasing.Landless peasants are rural residents who lose the right to use their lands. In 2012, the total number of landless peasants estimated 40-50 million and increased by 300 million 2people every year. 1 In the current mode of settlement, landless peasants need to solve their employment
5、by themselves. The imperfect of systems hinders the employment of landless peasants, because they almost have difficulty in looking for a job in the field of non-agricultural when they are forced to lose their lands. In 2030, about 50 million farmers will be landless and unemployed. From the dynamic
6、 perspective, the number may up to 80 million.2It not only has influence on releasing the labor but also cause a range of social impact, so the government needs to solve the employment of landless peasants quickly. It is related to a strategic issue of Chinas future. II. THE PROBLEMS OF LANDLESS FAR
7、MERS EMPLOYMENT IN CHINA A. Some landless farmers work barriers make the labor elements release Inadequately For thousands of years,land is closely link with farmers. Now,as the development of Chinas economy, urbanization is an inevitable trend. Landless farmers were forced to find a job beyond the
8、agricultural field, but they almost have work barriers when their lands are expropriated. It makes the labor elements release Inadequately.In the study of landless farmers in Anyang, 150 questionnaires were distributed, but only 144 3questionnaires are valid. 32 of them did not work, accounting for
9、22.22%.3And the statistics of Hangzhoua show that there were 15.68 million farmers lost their land from 1998 to 2003, of which 11.08 million are in the employment age (16-60 years old for male, 16-50 years old female).Among the 11.08 million people, 5.76 million people areunemployed, accounting for
10、52%. In the next few years, the number of lunemployed people will increases in the rate of 4-5 million per year.4 300 questionnaires of landless peasants in Linyi show that 73 people are unemployed, accounting for about 24%.5 B. The development of economy and related industries in the expropriated l
11、and dont match the structure of landless farmers employment With development of economy, industrialization and urbanization in the expropriated land, mass requisitioned land are used for the development of industrial, commercial.The need of labor market is gradually change from the physical model to
12、 the professional model.The markets requirements for labor improve in skills, education and knowledge.But the majority of landless farmers have low level of education, lack of job experience and professional skills.Most of the landless peasants jobs belong to the service industry,but the service 4in
13、dustry develops slowly. C. Most of the landless farmers employment are instability Few landless farmers who has capital engaged in self-employed,most of the landless farmers work in enterprises through job placement or job-hunting by themselves.For example construction, transportation, repairing, wh
14、ich demand less in skills and education.But these works are poor stability because of changes of season and market. According to the statistics of Zhejiang,4916 landless farmers were job placement over the years(Accounting for only 72.67%).Now 80% of 4916 people have laid-off and went back to the vi
15、llage. 6300 questionnaires of landless farmers in Linyi show that 83 landless farmers change job once in one year, accounting for 27.7%, 69 landless farmers change job twice in one year, accounting for 23%, 31 landless farmers change job three times or more in one year, accounting for 10.3%.5 III. R
16、EASONS OF THE PROBLEMS AMONG LANDLESS FARMERS EMPLOYMENT IN CHINA A. The defects of system The system about compensation after land acquisition is imperfect in China.The current law about managing land announces:Land compensation expropriates six to ten times the 5average output value of three years
17、 preceding land requisition.And the resettlement fee should be the resettlement fee of each multiply by the number of agricultural population to be resettled. The resettlement fee of each is 4 to 6 times the average output value of three years preceding land requisition.According to the regulation,
18、Land requisition compensation and resettlement fee are both based on the average output value of three years preceding land requisition.On one hand,it ignores the potential value of the land, On the other hand, the annual output value of the land is related to many factors. May just because the infl
19、uence of the weather or climate, Annual output is falling comparing with three years ago.Then compensation according to the provision given to landless farmers is unfair. In addition the multiples of rules have certain elasticity,this makes some local governments use the lowest multiples to give com
20、pensation to landless farmers.Then the landless peasants obtain much less compensation fees. B. The government doesnt concern about employment framework and process of the landless peasants. As the government doesnt concern about employment framework and process of the landless peasants,Chinas emplo
21、yment service agencies develop slowly.Landless farmers 6cannot get good service.It has affected the landless farmers employment.150 questionnaires of landless peasants in Anyang show that 7 people think the governments support is not enough to affect the employment, 6 people feel that no policies of
22、 supporting employment influence employment in the non-agricultural filed.66.39% think the government cant solve the employment problem. 3As the government doesnt concern about employment framework and process of the landless peasants,the employment stability is ignored.And most of the landless farm
23、ers are not stable. C. Most of the landless peasants are low education,they lack of employment experience and professional skills. One survey shows that more than 80% landless peasants have not attended junior middle school or above.8The survey of Hangzhou suggests 88.2% of landless farmers there ha
24、ve never attended junior middle school or above.9150 questionnaires targeted at landless peasants in the outskirt of Anyang reveal that 57 people have attended primary school,56 people have attended junior middle school and 22 people have attended senior high school,which count 39.58%,38.89% and 15.
25、28% respectively.3The education of most landless peasants is not high,and they lack experience and professional skills of 7employment.It makes that the employment structure and the landless peasants development are not matched and affects the employment rate of the landless peasants. D. The rural ar
26、eas lack of training system and employment training lack of organization and coordination. 300 valid questionnaires of landless peasants in Linyi show that 197 people have the willingness of employment training which count 65.7%.But only 43 of 197 people actually participated in training.5Competitiv
27、eness of most landless peasants is weak in the labor market.So it is necessary for landless peasants to accept professional training to enhance competitiveness.But as the rural areas lack of training system and employment training lack of organization and coordination,landless peasants who have the
28、the willingness of employment training can not accept professional and suitable training.Most of them dont know about their employment preferential policies,then they cant find a good job. IV. SUGGESTIONS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR LANDLESS PEASANTS IN CHINA A. Government should improve and link the system a
29、bout land requisition. The system about land requisition and compensation:To make a reasonable standard of land requisition and ensure the 8landless peasants basic living standard during the period when They have no job， not only the potential value of the requisitioned land should be considered，but
30、 also the economic standard of the area where landless farmers live.Land evaluation team of experts should be organized by government. The team should make a series of standards involving the potential value and local living standard to assess land requisitioned. And then compensating the landless p
31、easants according to the assessment result. Social security systems of the landless peasants: Set up the lowest allowance of landless peasants to keep their living before they manage to get a job. The standard of allowance should be updated on time. And the lowest allowance also should be managed by
32、 specialized institution. B. The local government should take the employment of landless peasants into consideration Transferring the affluent labor of landless peasants can be taken into governments assessment,which can make the government concern about the employment of landless peasants and take
33、positive measures on them. C. Paying attention to the employment from many stages,objectives and themes. 9Enterprises in the area of land acquisition should be encouraged to hire landless peasants. Government should give preferential policy to these enterprises which hire landless peasants. For exam
34、ple, the enterprises can be allowed not to pay the pension and medical insurance for landless farmers. Maybe government can give a certain of subsidies when hire one landless peasant. Encouraging landless farmers establish a business in agricultural field. Government can make full use of television,
35、newspaper and the other kinds of media to deepen the atmosphere of establishing business in agricultural field. Then selecting outstanding entrepreneurs among them and do a wide advertisement.In another way, government can offer convenience to landless farmers who establish a business in agricultura
36、l field.For example, government can set up specialized establishment organization to help farmers, strengthen financial credit and lower standard of credit. In addition, fund on business establishment can be set up and some commissioners are able to supervise and manage. Government should improve th
37、e communication equipment, provide tracking service for landless peasants business. D. The education and training of landless peasants should be improved. 10The cultural quality of most landless peasants is not very good. So the training content should be focusing on jobs of larger market. The train
38、ing which is easy to adapt and accept will be the first choice. According to the demand of labor market and the direction of industry development, organizing and carrying out trainings about skills for landless peasants. The skills mainly include the repairing electrical appliances and machinery, ca
39、tering, marketing knowledge and so on. For these landless peasants who have already found a job, government can carry out the training according to their enterprises production and development trend to improve the level of their skills and employment stability. For landless peasants who have entrepr
40、eneurial aspirations and ability ,government can support their self-employment to make them rich. REFERENCES 1 Weibing Bao. Current Situation and Analysis of landless peasants J. Chinas Development 2012(3) 2 Jun Gao. Research on the Problems of Landless peasants Employment in UrbanizationJ. Journal of Kunming University of Science, 2010(2). 3 Ainong Han.Employment Situation, Problems and Solutions
