1、1买方需求信息传递对住房搜寻影响的实验研究摘 要:采用实验经济学方法研究买方向中介传递住房需求信息对住房搜寻结果和过程的影响.基于信息不对称理论和多属性逆向拍卖理论,提出关于买方需求信息传递对住房搜寻结果和过程影响的两个理论假设;依据现实住房搜寻过程的特点,以检验理论假设为目的,在实验室中设计和实施了 3 组,共 6 局住房搜寻实验;并根据统计指标采集和整理实验数据,采用非参数检验方法分别对两个理论假设进行了检验.检验结果表明:买方需求信息传递与买方需求和住房的匹配程度正相关,与中介之间的属性竞争激烈程度负相关;此外,买方需求信息传递对买方收益、中介收益、住房搜寻时间、中介之间的价格竞争激烈程
2、度均无显著性影响.买方充分传递需求信息有助于其搜寻到更合适的住房,且无其他负面影响. 关键词:住房搜寻;信息传递;需求信息;实验经济学;实证研究 中图分类号:F293.35 文献标识码:A Effects of Buyer Demand Information Transmission on Housing Search: An Experimental Study ZHANG Hong, ZHANG Yang (Dept of Construction Management, Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, China) Abstract:The experim
3、ental economics method was utilized to 2examine the effects of buyer demand information transmission on the results and process of housing search. Firstly, based on the asymmetric information theory and the multiattribute reverse auction theory, two hypotheses with reference to the effects of buyer
4、demand information transmission on the result and process of housing search were proposed for test. Secondly, according to the characteristics of actual housing search process, three treatment housing search experiments were designed and conducted in laboratory. Thirdly, utilizing the experimental d
5、ata, nonparametric tests were implemented for the best of two hypotheses. The findings indicated that the match degree has positive correlation with the buyer demand information transmission while the attribute competition has negative correlation with the amount of buyer demand information transmis
6、sion. Besides, there is no significant effect of buyer demand information transmission on the buyers earnings, the brokers earnings, the search duration and the price competition. In conclusion, the transmission of buyer demand information can help buyers to search more suitable houses without negat
7、ive effects on the search results. Key words:housing search; information transmission; buyer demand information; experimental economics; empirical 3study 买方需求信息包括买方的住房属性偏好、支付能力和支付意愿等信息.买方向中介传递住房需求信息可能对住房搜寻的过程和结果产生显著影响.研究买方需求信息传递对住房搜寻的影响,有助于为买方提供搜寻住房的理论指导. 住房搜寻受到中介和买方的双重影响.Huang 等学者分别研究了中介努力程度、从业经验和佣
8、金等对住房搜寻结果的影响1-4.相比之下,关于买方对住房搜寻影响的研究较少,仅有 Anglin 等少数学者分析了买方购房经验对住房搜寻结果的影响5.从内容上看,既有研究主要集中在各因素对住房搜寻结果的影响方面,缺少对住房搜寻过程的分析.从方法上看,主要采用计量经济学方法,受研究数据缺乏的影响较大.针对以上问题,本文采用实验经济学方法对买方需求信息传递对住房搜寻结果和过程的影响进行研究. 实验经济学方法针对研究问题构造出一个可控的、可观察的、与实际市场“平行”的实验市场,挑选被试(实验测试的对象)参与实验,并对被试在不同实验环境下的行为进行观察、记录和分析,根据实验数据开展研究6.在实验中,研究人员能够直接观察和记录整个实验过程,可以获得大量现实环境中难以收集到的有效研究数据,有助于研究人员开展“过程性”研究.