1、从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素The Relation between Translation and Culture from the Aspect of Idioms and the Factors which Influence the CultureAcknowledgmentsThis thesis concludes my postgraduate study in Henan Normal University. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the professors in the Coll
2、ege of Foreign Language, whose preciseness and strictness set a good example for me in the future academic career. I felt gratitude especially goes to my supervisor , Guo Yingzhen ,whose illuminating instruction and endless assistance have greatly conduced to the accomplishment of this thesis.Im als
3、o very grateful to the teachers who have taught me in various ways during the course of my study for the bachelors degree.Especially I would like to thank Professor Guo Yingzhen and other professors in the Faulty of Foreign institution who inspired me a lot.Last but not least, I contribute this arti
4、cle to my dear family for their help during my college life.摘要翻译是一个复杂的过程,对于文化翻译尤其如此。一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义的重点到底是不同国家的人。本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。文能从不同的方面分析:如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。翻译是一个复杂的过程,它是关于文化翻译尤其如此。一般来说,
5、翻译涉及语言以及文化。译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义。本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。文能从不同的方面分析:如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。 关键字：翻译；文化意识；文化和思维；文化差别；习语AbstractTranslation is a complex process, especially when we translate the cultural text. Generally spea
6、king ,translation involves language as well as culture. A translator should know foreign culture as well as the culture of his own people. Moreover ,a translator should make continuous comparisons between the two cultures for getting the equivalence meaning . The major task of translation is to tran
7、slate the source language to the target language How to get rid of the language barrier between different culture, how to convey the meaning of the source language exactly is the focus of the people in different countries. This thesis illustrate the influences of different cultures have upon transla
8、tion. Wen can analysis it from different aspects: such as the difference of thinking, the psychology of culture, the difference between different religion, the environment and living surroundings of different people, and so on. Key Words: translation; the consciousness of culture; culture and thinki
9、ng; cultural difference; idiomsTable of Contents Acknowledgments I摘要 IIAbstract IIITable of Contents IVIntroduction 1PART ONE THE CONCEPT OF TRANSLATION AND CULTURE 21.1 The concept of translation 31.2 The concept of culture 5PART TWO THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE CULTURE 72.1 Religion 72.2 The psycho
10、logy of culture 82.3 The way of thinking 92.4 different ways of life 102.5 Geographical environment 142.6 Geographical environment 15PART THREE BETWEEN CULTURE AND TRANSLATION 16CONSLUSIONS 18Bibliography 19IntroductionThis article contains the concept of translation and the concept of culture. The
11、aim of translation is to making communication. Humans social development and process need translation and humans social development and progress should make communication between different nations, and during the process of communication, translation is indispensable. Translation, as an cultural phe
12、nomenon, thinking activity, related to the era and social background all in all. Translation is to render the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. Translation is an art that involves the re-creation of a work in another language for readers with a differen
13、t background. Culture is a very broad concept, to give it a rigorous and precise definition is a very difficult thing. Many philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, historians and linguists have been trying to define the concept of culture from the perspective of the respective discipline. Howev
14、er, so far it still has not have a recognized and satisfactory definition. According to statistics, about “culture“ at least, it has more than two hundred kinds of different definition. Broadly speaking, culture is a social phenomenon, which is the creation of the products for a long time. But it is
15、 also a kind of historical phenomenon and is the social history remains. Rather, culture refers to a state or national history, geography, local conditions and customs, traditions, lifestyles, literature and art, behavior standards, way of thinking, values, etc. When we translate something, the back
16、ground of the culture and the background of history should be considered. The relation between culture and translation is very close in a great extent. In this context, we analysis this problem from different aspects: the way of thinking, the psychology of thinking, and the customs and habits in dif
17、ferent nations. If the background of culture and history is ignored, the truly meaning of the context will be lost.PART ONE THE CONCEPT OF TRANSLATION AND CULTUREOne linguist in China has said: “what is the most difficult thing during the process of translation , it is the differences between two cu
18、ltures.” Nida has mentioned this too: “translation is the communication between two different cultures.” And we can not ignore the importance of the background of culture and the background of history if we want to translate a piece of text which contains the information about culture or some thing
19、else. When translating some thing, mastering the knowledge of culture and history is indispensable. There are too much factors which can influence the culture of the source language. Zhu Guangqian, one writer in modern times, thinks the associate meaning is the most difficult thing when we translate
20、 one language into another language. Because in the dictionary you can not find the truly meaning under a certain context. But for literary study, it is one important factor you can not ignore. This requires us to know the custom and habit of the country we want to translate the language of it. Or w
21、e will find we do not know how to translate when we are given a piece of text. We can take a poem as an example. For example the poem:静夜思 “窗前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月。低头思故乡。 ”Using English, we can not convey the essence of this poem without the background of old Chinese and the thought when the author write t
22、his poem. And there are so many versions of it. For instance: (1) In the still of the night : I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed. I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor. I watch the bright moon, as I tile back my head. Yearn, while stooping, for my home land more. (2) A tranquil night
23、: before my bed I see a silver light, I think the ground is covered with hoar frost. Raising my head, I find the full moon bright; and bowing down, in thought of home Im lost. And there are lots of other versions translated by other translators. No matter which version , the emotion of the author mu
24、st be considered, or they will ruin the essence of the poem. Tyler, one anthropologist in England, whose book primitive culture raises the concept of culture and describes it as “culture is a kind of complex abilities and habits, which includes knowledge, faith, art, moral, law and custom”. Thus we
25、can know the wide coverage of culture, it is a complex system. Language, as a component of culture, reflect the phenomenon of a resourceful culture. Translation is so difficult as language reflect the culture, which conveys to much cultural content and limited by culture. Once language entered the h
26、umans life as a tool of communication, the problem of cultural connotation and the ability of express something will arise. This not only requires the translator master the knowledge of bilingual ability but multilingual ability, especially they must know the consciousness of two different culture,
27、religious culture and the geographic features, the historical customs and traditions, the process of forming culture, etc. For these factors, the language cultures of different nations reflect their own national features and the background of the nation.1.1 The concept of translationThere are many d
28、ifferent definitions of translation, in The Oxford English Dictionary it means “to turn from one language into another ”. Or recreating according the original text. Websters Third New International Dictionary of the English Language gives us the definition of translation is “to turn into ones own or
29、 another language”. While the definition in Columbia Encyclopedia is that translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual in another language.(J.C.Catford, 1
30、994)”. “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene Nida, 1969)”. Translation is an old and young work, which come into exist since the old times and it b
31、ecomes so hot in modern times. Translation is the need of humans development and progress. The concept of translation can be defined from two aspects: broad sense and narrow sense. Generalized translation refers to the language and the language, language variation and language variants, such as lang
32、uage and nonverbal code conversion which convey the basic information. Extension of the concept is quite broad, including his translation between different languages, translation between language variation, language and other symbols of the communication conversion, etc. The contents of translation
33、rules only emphasizes the “basic information“, does not emphasize “completely loyal“. Some translation theorists put forward the understanding and translation theory, so the language and thinking are also included in the general translation. Narrow sense translation is a linguistic activity, which i
34、s a kind of language to express the content of the faithfully expressed in another language. This definition emphasizes “translation is a language activity“. The nature of translation determines the narrow sense ,which indicates that it is a humans communicative approach in language communication, w
35、hich emphasis on “one language to another language“,which ruled out unification between different variants of translation between languages, which emphasis on “faithfully“, avoiding the confusion of the translation and interpretation or rewrite. For example:“Sent someone to Coventry“ refers to “reje
36、ct someone”. The Coventry is a small town in UK, where the people hate soldiers very much, so when the soldier was sent after Coventry, there will be people from the group. Look at this sentence “1 will be with you from the egg to apples”, if translated into “I will eat eggs and apples with you”.It sounds obviously puzzling. Be translation should “I
