1、从近年高考英语试题透析 where 引导的定语从句定语从句是高考英语考查的重点、难点和热点，其中由 where 引导的定语从句这一知识点更是在每年各省市的高考英语试卷中都占有一定数量的比重。它不仅出现在单选试题中，而且在阅读理解中也有大量由 where 引导的定语从句这一结构的句子。为帮助学生更进一步理解和掌握 where 引导的定语从句这一知识要点，现结合近年来高考英语试题，对其做一分析和归纳。 一、先行词（表示具体地点的名词）+关系副词（where）+定语从句 1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the
2、only planet _ life has developed gradually. （2010 福建卷） A. that B. where C. which D. whose 解析：先行词为 planet，表示地点，从句中的动词 develop 为不及物动词,从句不缺少成分，故排除选项中的关系代词 that, which, whose，选择 where 在从句中作状语。 2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. (2007 山东卷) A. that B. there C. which D. where
3、 解析：解答此题的关键是，勿把答句误认为是强调句。it 指的是“认识她的那个地方” ，先行词为 the farm，work 是不及物动词，不需要宾语，故选择 where 在从句中作状语。 3. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. (2007 全国卷) A. then B. there C. while D. where 解析：先行词为 a day-care center,表地点，选择 where 在从句中作地点状语。 小结 由上述三个例句说明：做好此类结构的
4、题目，首先要确定从句中的谓语动词是不是不及物动词，其次看先行词是不是表地点的名词。如果具备这两点：从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词，先行词又是表地点的名词，毫无疑问应用关系副词 where。这类题目在高考中属于比较容易的类型，考生易于掌握。 但在 2010 年高考英语天津卷中，在对这一句子结构的考查形式上增加了难度，请看下题： Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut ? You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. （2010 天津卷） A. as B. which C. wher
5、e D. that 解析：从句中的 go 是不及物动词，从句不缺少成分，所以排除选项中的关系代词 as, which, that。the barbers = the barbers house 表地点，故应选择 where 在从句中作状语。 值得注意的是： 1. 先行词虽然是表地点的名词，但引导定语从句的关系词不一定用where。如： York, _ last year,is a nice old city. （2003 北京卷） A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 解析：先
6、行词为 York，地点名词，从句中谓语动词 visit 是及物动词，用关系代词作从句的宾语成分，故应选 B. which I visited。 2. 先行词为地点名词，且在从句中作状语成分，关系词也可以用 in / at /on which 替代。in 用于某一空间范围，at 用于平面上的某一点，有时也可以用 on。如： (1) The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005 江苏卷） A. which; where B. at w
7、hich; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 解析：第一个空格后的定语从句不缺少成分，先行词又是地点名词place，在从句中作状语，故可填 at which 或 where。第二个空格后的句子也不缺少成分，由题意可知，应用 where 引导表语从句，故应选 C. at which; where。 (2) Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born? （1988 全国卷） A. at where B. which C. in which D. at which 解析：先行词 the house，表空间范围
8、的地点名词，从句中不缺少成分，应用关系副词 where 或 in which 作状语，故应选 C. in which。 3. 先行词为地点名词，从句中的介词有时不可省略。如： The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （2009 江西卷） A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 解析：the house 后面 I grew up 这个句子是定语从句，grew up 是不及物动词，而 the house 在从句中作宾语，显然需要加介词，构成 The
9、 house (which / that) I grew up in.的结构，而 which / that 关系代词可以省略，故选 B. in。 二、先行词（表示家具、衣物、工具等名词）+关系副词（where）+定语从句 1. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. （2005，上海卷） A. that B. which C. when D. where 解析：先行词为 chairs，是表示具体事物的名词，又知定语从句中不缺少成分。根据句意可把 chairs
10、 看作表地点的名词，在从句中作状语，故选 D. where。 2. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （2004 四川卷） A. where B. which C. when D. that 解析：由题意可知先行词应为 trousers，而不是 marks。从句中不缺少成分，故排除选项中的关系代词 which, that，而应选择 where 在从句中作状语。 （小结略） 三、先行词（抽象名词）+关系副词（where）+定语从句 1. I can think of many cases _ stu
11、dents obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. （2003 上海卷） A. why B. which C. as D. where 解析：先行词为 case，属抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故排除选项中的关系代词 which 和 as，同时主句和从句不是因果关系，可排除选项 A，正确答案应为 D. where。 2. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves dif
12、ferently. （2009 福建卷） A. that B. when C. which D. where 解析：本句先行词为 situation，译作“环境，境遇” ，用于表示地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故应选 D. where。 3. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （2006 山东卷） A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析：先行词为 point，可译作“目标，目的” ，属表地点的抽象名词，从句中不缺少成分，故应选 A
13、. where。 4. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. （2007 天津卷） A. when B. whose C. which D. where 解析：先行词为 activity，属表示地点的抽象名词，而从句中的谓词动词 matter 为不及物动词，不需要宾语，故应选 D. where。 5. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest wh
14、en they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. （2005 广东卷） A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 解析：先行词为 scene，属于表地点的抽象名词，从句为被动语态，且不缺少成分,故选 A. in which。 6. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. （2008 北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. where 解析：先行词为
15、address，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分,故应选 D. where。 7. All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008 安徽卷） A. why B. where C. which D. that 解析：先行词为 family，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选 B. where。 8. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance
16、. （2004 湖南卷） A. how B. which C. where D. that 解析：先行词为 business，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，故选 C. where。 9. What do you think of teaching, Bob ? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. （2009 北京卷） A. where B. which C. when D. that 解析：先行词为 job，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句
17、中不缺少成分，故选 A. where。 10. . you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking. . （2005 广东卷，阅读理解 E 篇） 解析：先行词为 holiday，属表地点的抽象名词，且后面从句不缺少成分，故用 where 引导。 11. . Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. . (2005 湖北卷，阅读理解 A 篇) 解析：先行词为 terri
18、tory，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句不缺少成分，故用关系副词 where。 12. . You, the customer, must pay: A reasonable charge for a service, where no price has been fixed in advance. . （2005 湖北卷，阅读理解 C 篇） 解析：先行词为 service，属表地点的抽象名词，且从句中不缺少成分，先行词在从句中作状语，故用关系副词 where。 13. . The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with it
19、s environment, a game in which it must make decisions a matter of life or death. . （2005 湖北卷，阅读理解 E 篇） 解析：a game 是前面 a very dangerous game 的同位语，做先行词，是表地点的抽象名词，从句中没有缺少成分，故用 in which（where）引导从句。 小结 近些年高考试题考查 where / in which 引导的定语从句，大多数采用先行词为抽象名词或用表示地点名词的特殊形式，以此增加考题的难度。例 11，12，13 是 2005 年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解中的
20、题目，三篇短文就有三个这样难度较高的定语从句，可见掌握好定语从句是何等重要。对于上述例题中 case, situation, point, activity, scene, address, family, business, job, holiday, territory, service,game 等词做先行词，考查得比较频繁。另外，还要注意下面一些词汇：position, condition, environment, atmosphere, surroundings 等，如果先行词为以上这些词，从句中又不缺少成分，也常常用 where / in which 引导定语从句。 注意：遇到上
21、述词汇做先行词，但如果从句中的谓语动词是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，就不用 where / in which 来引导从句。如： Do you have anything to say for yourselves ? Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on. （2006 江西卷） A. why B. where C. how D. / 解析：先行词为 point，而从句中的谓语动词 insist on 需要宾语，故应选择关系代词，但关系代词可以省略，故选 D. /。 四、先行词（抽象名词或地点名词）+隔离成分+关系副词+定语从句。1. The g
22、irl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. （2010江西卷） A. where B. who C. which D. what 解析：从句中的谓词动词 stay 为不及物动词，且从句中不缺成分，应选择关系副词 where 在从句中作状语。在本题中，隔离成分为介词短语 with her sister，先行词为 the training centre。 2. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. （2009 浙江卷）
